‘But I did not do anything!’ – analysing the YouTube videos of the American Muslim televangelist Baba Ali: delineating the complexity of a novel genre

References

• Acevedo-Callejas, L. (2016). Queens and jesters of YouTube: Communicating gay/lesbian identities through humor in YouTube channel Spanish queens. Sexuality & Culture, 20(1), 140–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Azami, S. (2016). Religion in the media: A linguistic analysis. London: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Allen, C. (2004). Endemically European or a European epidemic? Islamophobia in a post 9/11 Europe. In R. Geaves, T. Gabriel, Y. Haddad, & J. I. Smith (Eds.), Islam and the west post 9/11 (pp. 130–145). New York: Ashgate Pub Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Androutsopoulos, J. (2007). Style online: Doing hip hop on the German speaking web. In P. Auer (Ed.), Style and social identities: Alternative approaches to linguistic heterogeneity (pp. 279–317). Berlin, NY: De Gruyter.
   Google Scholar
• Androutsopoulos, J., & Tereick, J. (2015). YouTube: Language and discourse practices in participatory culture. In T. Spilioti & A. Georgakopoulou (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of language and digital communication (pp. 354–370). Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, P., Gabrielatos, C., & McEnery, T. (2013). Discourse analysis and media attitudes: The representation of Islam in the British press. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Barton, D., & Lee, C. (2013). Language online: Investigating digital texts and practices. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bezemer, J., & Jewitt, C. (2010). Multimodal analysis: Key issues. In L. Litosseliti (Ed.), Research methods in linguistics (pp. 180–197). London: Continuum.
   Google Scholar
• Blackledge, A. (2005). Discourse and power in a multilingual world. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Chilton, P. (2004). Analyzing political discourse: Theory and practice. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Demjén, Z. (2016). Laughing at cancer: Humour, empowerment, solidarity and coping online. Journal of Pragmatics, 101, 18–30. doi: 10.1016/j.pragma.2016.05.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dynel, M. (2014). Participation framework underlying YouTube interaction. Journal of Pragmatics, 73, 37–52. doi: 10.1016/j.pragma.2014.04.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Echchaibi, N. (2011). From audio tapes to video blogs: The delocalization of authority in Islam. Nations and Nationalism, 17(1), 25–44. Retrieved from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=3&sid=a22ee07b-6bfe-4595-bb83-c6bbc075a3dd%40sessionmgr4009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Naggar, S. (2015). Multimodality in perspective: Creating a synergy of the discourse historical approach and the framework of visual grammar. In J. Wildfeuer (Ed.), Building bridges for multimodal research: International perspectives on theories and practices of multimodal analysis (pp. 149–166). Bern: Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar
• El Naggar, S. (2016). The discursive construction of Muslim identities by contemporary Muslim televangelists in the west (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
   Google Scholar
• El-Nawawy, M., & Khamis, S. (2009). Islam dot com: Contemporary Islamic discourses in cyberspace. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Fairclough, N. (1995). Media discourse. London: E. Arnold.
   Google Scholar
• Gilliat-Ray, S. (2010). Muslims in Britain: An introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Griffith, M., & Papacharissi, Z. (2010). Looking for you: An analysis of video blogs. First Monday, 15(1), 1–2. Retrieved from http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2769/2430
   Google Scholar
• Hinnells, J. (2010). The study of diaspora religion. In J. R. Hinnells (Ed.), The Penguin handbook of the world’s living religions (pp. 684–691). London: Penguin.
   Google Scholar
• Hirschkind, C. (2012). Experiments in devotion online: The YouTube Khutba. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 44(1), 5–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howell, J. D. (2008). Modulations of active piety: Professors and televangelists as promoters of Indonesian Sufisme. In G. Fealy & S. White (Eds.), Expressing Islam: Religious life and politics in Indonesia (pp. 40–62). Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
   Google Scholar
• KhosraviNik, M. (2017). Social media critical discourse studies (SM-CDS). In J. Flowerdew & J. Richardson (Eds.), Handbook of critical discourse analysis (pp. 582–596). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kress, G., & van Leeuwen, T. (1996). Reading images: The grammar of visual design. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, P. (2007). Young, British and Muslim. New York: Continuum.
   Google Scholar
• Lotfy, W. (2009). The phenomenon of televangelists. Cairo: Dar El Ein.
   Google Scholar
• MacFarquhar, N. (2008). Young video makers try to alter Islam’s face. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/08/us/08video.html?_r=3&oref=slogin/
   Google Scholar
• Martin, R. A. (2007). The psychology of humor: An integrative approach. London: Elsevier Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• McNeill, D. (1992). Hand and mind: What gestures reveal about thought. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Muchnik, M. (2005). Discourse strategies of maxzirim bitshuva: The case of a repentance preacher in israel. Text & Talk: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Language, Discourse & Communication Studies, 25, 373–398. doi: 10.1515/text.2005.25.3.373
   Google Scholar
• Neuman, Y., Lurie, Y., & Rosenthal, M. (2001). A watermelon without seeds: A case study in rhetorical rationality. Text & Talk: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Language, Discourse & Communication Studies, 21, 543–565. doi: 10.1515/text.2001.011
   Google Scholar
• Richardson, J. E. (2004). Misrepresenting Islam: The racism and rhetoric of British broadsheet newspapers. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• Richardson, J. E., & Wodak, R. (2009). Recontextualising fascist ideologies of the past: Right-wing discourses on employment and nativism in Austria and the United Kingdom. Critical Discourse Studies, 6, 251–267. doi: 10.1080/17405900903180996
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt, G. (2005). The transnational umma- myth or reality? Examples from the western diasporas. The Muslim World, 95, 575–586. Retrieved from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=5&sid=53b46911-cd21-4b34-b349-cae85e470179%40sessionmgr4007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shifman, L. (2012). An anatomy of a YouTube meme. New Media & Society, 14, 187–203. doi: 10.1177/1461444811412160
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swartz, M. (1999). Arabic rhetoric and the art of the homily. In R. G. Hovannisian & G. Sabagh (Eds.), Religion and culture in Medieval Islam (pp. 36–59). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tan, S., Smith, B. A., & O’Halloran, K. L. (2015). Online leadership discourse in higher education: A digital multimodal discourse perspective. Discourse & Communication, 9, 227–289. doi: 10.1177/1750481315600302
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolson, A. (2010). A new authenticity? Communicative practices on YouTube. Critical Discourse Studies, 7, 277–289. doi: 10.1080/17405904.2010.511834
   Google Scholar
• Unger, J., Wodak, R., & KhosraviNik, M. (2016). Critical discourse studies and social media data. In D. Silverman (Ed.), Qualitative research (pp. 227–293). London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Van Leeuwen, T. (2005). Introducing social semiotics. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Van Leeuwen, T. (2011). The language of colour: An Introduction. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Wignell, P., Tan, S., & O’Halloran, K. L. (2017). Violent extremism and iconisation: Commanding good and forbidding evil? Critical Discourse Studies, 14(1), 1–22. doi: 10.1080/17405904.2016.1250652
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wodak, R. (2001). The discourse historical approach. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of critical discourse analysis (pp. 63–94). London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Wodak, R. (2009). The discourse of politics in action: Politics as usual. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Wodak, R. (2015). The politics of fear: What right-wing populist discourses mean. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Wodak, R., Khosravinik, M., & Mral, B. (Eds.). (2013). Right-wing populism in Europe: Politics and discourse. London: Bloomsbury.
   Google Scholar
• Wodak, R., & Meyer, M. (2009). Critical discourse analysis: History, agenda, theory and methodology. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of critical discourse analysis (pp. 1–34). London: Sage.
   Google Scholar