References
- Azzarito, L., and M. A. Solmon. 2006. “A Post-Structural Analysis of High School Students’ Gendered and Racialized Body Meanings.” Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 25: 75–98. doi: 10.1123/jtpe.25.1.75
- Bandura, A. 1986. Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
- Browne, M. W., and R. Cudeck 1993. “Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit.” In Testing Structural Models, edited by K. A. Bollen and J. S. Long, 136–162. Newbury Park: Sage.
- Byrne, B. M. 2008. Structural Equation Modeling with EQS. New York: Routledge.
- Cale, L., and J. Harris. 2009. “Fitness Testing in Physical Education – A Misdirected Effort in Promoting Healthy Lifestyles and Physical Activity?” Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 14 (1): 89–108. doi: 10.1080/17408980701345782
- Cash, T. F. 2011. “Cognitive-Behavioral Perspectives on Body Image.” In Body Image: A Handbook of Science, Practice, and Prevention, edited by T. F. Cash and L. Smolak, 39–47. New York: Guildford.
- Castelli, D. M., and J. A. Valley. 2007. “The Relationship of Physical Fitness and Motor Competence to Physical Activity.” Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 26: 358–374. doi: 10.1123/jtpe.26.4.358
- Dishman, R. K., Motl, R. W., Sallis, J. F., Dunn, A. L., Birnbaum, A. S., Welk, G. J., Bdimo-Rung, A. L., Voorhees, C. C., and J. B. Jobe. 2005. “Self-Management Strategies Mediate Self-efficacy and Physical Activity.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 29 (1): 10–18. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.03.012
- Evans, Bethan. 2002. “Constructing Body Space: Gender, Sport and Body Image in Adolescence.” http://repository.liv.ac.uk/1092242/
- Faulkner, G., Goodman, J., Adlaf, E., Irving, E., Allison, K. and J. Dwyer. 2007. “Participation in High School Physical Education – Ontario, Canada, 1999—2005.” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 56: 52–54.
- Flintoff, A., and S. Scratton. 2006. “Girls and Physical Education.” In The Handbook of Physical Education, edited by D. Kirk, D. MacDonald, and M. O'Sullivan, 767–783. London: Sage.
- Furnham, A., Badmin, N., and Sneade, I. 2002. “Body Image Dissatisfaction: Gender Differences in Eating Attitudes, Self-Esteem, and Reasons for Exercise.” Journal of Psychology 136 (6): 581–596. doi: 10.1080/00223980209604820
- Furnham, A., Titman, P., and E. Sleeman. 1994. “Perception of Female Body Shapes as a Function of Exercise.” Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 9: 335–352.
- Gao, Z., Newton, M., and R. L. Carson. 2008. “Students’ Motivation, Physical Activity Levels, and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Fitness Class.” Middle Grades Research Journal 3 (4): 21–39.
- Grogan, S. 2008. Body Image: Understanding Body Dissatisfaction in Men, Women, and Children. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge.
- Halas, J. H., and G. Gannon. 2006. “The Challenges of Teaching Fitness in an era of Physical Inactivity: Examples of Effective Practice.” Physical and Health Education Journal 22: 4–9.
- Harris, J. 2005. “Health-Related Exercise and Physical Education.” In Physical Education: Essential Issues, edited by K. Green and K. Hardman, 78–97. New York: Sage.
- Haugen, T., Ommundsen, Y., and Seiler, S. 2013. “The Relationship between Physical Activity and Physical Self-Esteem in Adolescents: The Role of Physical Fitness Indices.” Pediatric Exercise Science 25: 138–153. doi: 10.1123/pes.25.1.138
- Hu, L. and P. M. Bentler. 1999. “Cut-Off Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternative.” Structural Equation Modeling 6 (1): 1–55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
- Lodewyk, K. R., Gammage, K. L., and Sullivan, P. 2009. “Relations Among Body Size Dissatisfaction, Gender, and Indices of Motivation and Achievement in High School Physical Education.” Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 28 (4): 362–377. doi: 10.1123/jtpe.28.4.362
- Loewenthal, K. M. 1996. An Introduction to Psychological Tests and Scales. London: UCL Press Limited.
- McCreary, D. R. 2011. “Body Image and Muscularity.” In Body Image: A Handbook of Science, Practice, and Prevention, edited by T.F. Cash and L. Smolak, 198–205. New York: Guildford.
- McKenzie, T. L. 2003. “Health-Related Physical Education: Physical Activity, Fitness, and Wellness.” In Student Learning in Physical Education: Applying Research to Enhance Instruction, edited by S.J. Silverman and C.D. Ennis, 207–226. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Mullan-Harris, K., Berkowitz-King, R., and P. Gordon-Larsen. 2005. “Healthy Habits Among Adolescents.” In What do Children Need to Flourish? Conceptualizing and Measuring Indicators of Positive Development, edited by K.A. Moore and L. H. Lippman, 111–132. New York: Springer.
- Murnen, S. K. 2011. “Gender and Body Images.” In Body Image: A Handbook of Science, Practice, and Prevention, edited by T. F. Cash and L. Smolak, 173–179. New York: Guildford.
- NASPE (National Association for Sport and Physical Education). 2004. Moving into the Future: National Standards for Physical Education. 2nd ed. Reston, VA: NASPE.
- Neumark-Sztainer, D. 2011. “Obesity and Body Image in Youth.” In Body Image: A Handbook of Science, Practice, and Prevention, edited by T. F. Cash and L. Smolak, 180–187. New York: Guildford.
- Ntoumanis, N., Pensgaard, A. M., Martin, C., and K. Pipe. 2004. “An Ideographic Analysis of Amotivation in Compulsory School Physical Education.” Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 26: 197–214. doi: 10.1123/jsep.26.2.197
- Ommundsen, Y. 2004. “Self-Handicapping Related to Task and Performance-Approach and Avoidance Goals in Physical Education.” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 16 (2): 183–197. doi: 10.1080/10413200490437660
- OMET (Ontario Ministry of Education and Training). 1998. The Ontario Curriculum Grades 9–10: Health and Physical Education. Toronto, ON: Ministry of Education and Training. http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/curriculum/secondary/health910curr.pdf
- Pintrich, P. R., and D. H. Schunk. 1996. Motivation in Education: Theory, Research, and Applications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
- Pintrich, P. R., Smith, D. A., Garcia, T., and W. J. McKeachie. 1991. A Manual for the Use of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) (Technical Report No. 91-B-004). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, School of Education.
- Ricciardelli, L. A., and M. P. McCabe. 2011. “Body Image Development in Adolescent Boys.” In Body Image: A Handbook of Science, Practice, and Prevention, edited by T. F. Cash and L. Smolak, 85–92. New York: Guildford.
- Shen, B., McCaughtry, N., and J. Martin. 2007. “The Influence of Self-Determination in Physical Education on Leisure-Time Physical Activity Behavior.” Research Quarterly for Sport and Exercise 78 (4): 328–338. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2007.10599430
- Sherblom, P. R., and D. M. Rust. 2004. “Body Image, Figure Rating, and Body Mass Index of Girls In Health, Physical Education, or Athletics Classes.” Perceptual and Motor Skills 99 (6): 473–482. doi: 10.2466/PMS.99.6.473-482
- Standage, M., Duda, J. L., and N. Ntoumanis. 2006. “Students’ Motivational Processes and their Relationship to Teacher Ratings in School Physical Education: A Self-Determination Theory Approach.” Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 77: 100–110.
- Tabachnick, B. G., and L. S. Fidell. 2006. Using multivariate statistics. 5th ed. New York: HarperCollins.
- Thompson, J. K., Altabe, M., Johnson, S., and S. M. Stormer. 1994. “Factor Analysis of Multiple Measures of Body Image Disturbance: Are we all Measuring the Same Construct?” International Journal of Eating Disorders 16 (3): 311–315. doi: 10.1002/1098-108X(199411)16:3<311::AID-EAT2260160314>3.0.CO;2-P
- Warburton, D. E., Nicol, C. W., and S. D. Bredin. 2006. “Prescribing Exercise as Preventive Therapy.” Canadian Medical Association Journal 174 (7): 961–974. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.1040750
- Wertheim, E. H., and S. J. Paxton. 2011. “Body Image Development in Adolescent Girls.” In Body Image: A Handbook of Science, Practice, and Prevention, edited by T. F. Cash and L. Smolak, 76–83. New York: Guildford.