Trends in nanotechnology-based delivery systems for dermal targeting of drugs: an enticing approach to offset psoriasis

References

• Marzano AV, Derlino F, Berti EF. Pathogenesis of Psoriasis: focus on Autoinflammation. Dermatopathology. 2018;5:14–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albanesi C. Immunology of psoriasis. In: Rich RR, Fleisher TA, Shearer WT, Schroeder Jr. HW, Frew AJ, Weyandeditors CM, editors. Clinical Immunology Principles and Practice. 4th ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. p. 775–781.
   Google Scholar
• Albanesi C, Madonna S, Gisondi P, et al. The interplay between keratinocytes and immune cells in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Front Immunol. 2018;9:1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandes AR, Martins-Gomes C, Santini A. et al. Psoriasis vulgaris-Pathophysiology of the disease and its classical treatment versus new drug delivery systems. In: Grumezescu AM, editor. Design of Nanostructures for Versatile Therapeutic Applications. Amsterdam: Elsevier Inc; 2018. p. 379–406.
   Google Scholar
• Chandra A, Joshi K, Aggarwal G. Topical nano drug delivery for treatment of psoriasis: progressive and novel delivery. Asian J Pharm. 2018;2018:3–8.
   Google Scholar
• Krueger JG, Bowcock A. Psoriasis pathophysiology: current concepts of pathogenesis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64:30–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman M, Akhter S, Ahmad J, et al. Nanomedicine-based drug targeting for psoriasis: potentials and emerging trends in nanoscale pharmacotherapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2015;12:635–652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy EC, Schaffter SW, Friedman AJ. Nanotechnology for Psoriasis Therapy. Curr Dermatol Rep. 2019;8:14–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arif T, Nisa N, Amin SS, et al. Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of nanotechnology in dermatology and cosmetics. J Nanomedine Biotherapeutic Discov. 2015;5:1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Salama NN, Eddington ND, Fasano A. Tight junction modulation and its relationship to drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2006;58:15–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Global report on Psoriasis. WHO. 2016;1–26.
   Google Scholar
• Sewerin P, Brinks R, Schneider M, et al. Prevalence and incidence of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78:286–287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-Armenteros JM, Gómez-Arbonés X, Buti-Solé M, et al. Epidemiology of Psoriasis. A population-based study. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2019;110:385–392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffiths C. Global Psoriasis Atlas annual report. Glob psoriasis Atlas; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Affandi AM, Khan I, Saaya NN. Epidemiology and clinical features of adult patients with Psoriasis in Malaysia: 10-year review from the Malaysian psoriasis registry (2007-2016). Dermatol Res Pract. 2018;2018:1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar S, Nayak C, Padhi T, et al. Epidemiological pattern of psoriasis, vitiligo and atopic dermatitis in India: hospital-based point prevalence. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2014;5:6–8.
   Google Scholar
• Rácz E, Prens EP. Molecular pathophysiology of psoriasis and molecular targets of antipsoriatic therapy. Expert Rev Mol Med. 2009;11:1–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaspari AA. Innate and adaptive immunity and the pathophysiology of psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54:67–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albanesi C, De Pità O, Girolomoni G. Resident skin cells in psoriasis: a special look at the pathogenetic functions of keratinocytes. Clin Dermatol. 2007;25:581–588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaba LC, Fuentes-Duculan J, Eungdamrong NJ, et al. Psoriasis is characterized by accumulation of immunostimulatory and Th1/Th17 cell-polarizing myeloid dendritic cells. J Invest Dermatol. 2009;129:79–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitch E, Harper E, Skorcheva I, et al. Pathophysiology of psoriasis: recent advances on IL-23 and TH17 cytokines. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2007;9:461–467.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wolk K, Witte E, Wallace E, et al. IL-22 regulates the expression of genes responsible for antimicrobial defense, cellular differentiation, and mobility in keratinocytes: a potential role in psoriasis. Eur J Immunol. 2006;36:1309–1323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raychaudhuri SK, Abria C, Mitra A, et al. Functional significance of MAIT cells in psoriatic arthritis. Cytokine. 2020;125:1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brembilla NC, Senra L, Boehncke WH. The IL-17 family of cytokines in psoriasis: IL-17A and beyond. Front Immunol. 2018;9:1–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hao JQ. Targeting interleukin-22 in psoriasis. Inflammation. 2014;37:94–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baliwag J, Barnes DH, Johnston A. Cytokines in psoriasis. Cytokine. 2015;73:342–350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynde CW, Poulin Y, Vender R, et al. Interleukin 17A: toward a new understanding of psoriasis pathogenesis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;71:141–150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldminz AM, Au SC, Kim N, et al. NF-κB: an essential transcription factor in psoriasis. J Dermatol Sci. 2013;69:89–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiricozzi A, Saraceno R, Chimenti MS, et al. Role of IL-23 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis: a novel potential therapeutic target? Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2014;18:513–525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao Y, Richman L, Morehouse C, et al. Type I interferon: potential therapeutic target for psoriasis? PLoS One. 2008;3:1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulsen E, Korsholm L, Brandrup F. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a commercial aloe vera gel in the treatment of slight to moderate psoriasis vulgaris. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2005;19:326–331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh KK, Tripathy S. Natural treatment alternative for psoriasis: a review on herbal resources. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2014;4:114–121.
   Google Scholar
• Dhanabal SP, Priyanka Dwarampudi L, Muruganantham N, et al. Evaluation of the antipsoriatic activity of aloe vera leaf extract using a mouse tail model of psoriasis. Phyther Res. 2012;26:617–619.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein JE, Parish LC, Rapaport M, et al. Effects of topically applied capsaicin on moderate and severe psoriasis vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986;15:504–507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman A, Herman AP. Topically used herbal products for the treatment of psoriasis- Mechanism of action, drug delivery, clinical studies. Planta Med. 2016;82:1447–1455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varma SR, Sivaprakasam TO, Mishra A, et al. Imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation in differentiated Human keratinocytes: its evaluation using curcumin. Eur J Pharmacol. 2017;813:33–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang D, Li B, Luo L, et al. Curcumin shows excellent therapeutic effect on psoriasis in mouse model. Biochimie. 2016;123:73–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dwarampudi LP, Palaniswamy D, Nithyanantham M, et al. Antipsoriatic activity and cytotoxicity of ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa seeds. Pharmacogn Mag. 2012;8:268–272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown AC, Hairfield M, Richards DG, et al. Medical nutrition therapy as a potential complementary treatment for psoriasis - Five case reports. Altern Med Rev. 2004;9:297–307.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vijayalakshmi A, Ravichandiran V, Velraj M, et al. Screening of flavonoid “quercetin” from the rhizome of Smilax china Linn. for anti-psoriatic activity. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012;2:269–275.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Daniyal M, Akram M, Zainab R, et al. Progress and prospects in the management of psoriasis and developments in phyto-therapeutic modalities. Dermatol Ther. 2019;32:1–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrivastav S, Sindhu RK, Kumar S, et al. Anti-psoriatic and phytochemical evaluation of Thespesia populnea bark extracts. Pharm Sci. 2009;1:176–185.
   Google Scholar
• Vankudothu N, Chekuri S, Bhavani L, et al. Study of Antipsoriatic activity and Evaluation of E2A Gene Expression for Psoriasis Levels by RT-PCR of Thespesia Populnea L. Methanolic Leaf Extract. Int J Life Sci. 2018;6:6–12.
   Google Scholar
• Saelee C, Thongrakard V, Tencomnao T. Effects of thai medicinal herb extracts with anti-psoriatic activity on the expression on NF-?b signaling biomarkers in HaCaT keratinocytes. Molecules. 2011;16:3908–3932.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulliver WP, Donsky HJ. A report on three recent clinical trials using Mahonia aquifolium 10% topical cream and a review of the worldwide clinical experience with Mahonia aquifolium for the treatment of plaque psoriasis. Am J Ther. 2005;12:398–406.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Oliveira AP, Franco EDS, Rodrigues Barreto R, et al. Effect of semisolid formulation of persea americana mill (Avocado) oil on wound healing in rats. Evid Based Complement Altern Med. 2013;2013:1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stückera M, Memmela U, Hoffmanna M, et al. Vitamin B12 cream containing avocado oil in the therapy of Plaque Psoriasis. Dermatology. 2001;203:141–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najafizadeh P, Hashemian F, Mansouri P, et al. The evaluation of the clinical effect of topical St Johns wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) in plaque type psoriasis vulgaris: a pilot study. Australas J Dermatol. 2012;53:131–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muruganantham N, Basavaraj KH, Dhanabal SP, et al. Screening of Caesalpinia bonduc leaves for antipsoriatic activity. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;133:897–901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyedeji FO, Bankole-Ojo OS. Quantitative evaluation of the antipsoriatic activity of sausage tree (Kigelia africana). Afr J Pure Appl Chem. 2012;6:214–218.
   Google Scholar
• Costa S, Marini O, Bevilacqua D, et al. Role of MyD88 signaling in the imiquimod-induced mouse model of psoriasis: focus on innate myeloid cells. J Leukoc Biol. 2017;102:791–803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singhal M, Kansara N. Cassia tora Linn cream inhibits ultraviolet-B-induced psoriasis in rats. ISRN Dermatol. 2012;2012:1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Mok CF, Xie CM, Sham KWY, et al. 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid induces apoptosis in human keratinocyte: potential application for psoriasis treatment. Evid Based Complement Altern Med. 2013;2013:1–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin Y, Huang Z, Zhuo R, et al. Combination of calcipotriol and methotrexate in nanostructured lipid carriers for topical delivery. Int J Nanomedicine. 2010;5:117–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sivamani RK, Goodarzi H, Garcia MS, et al. Biologic therapies in the treatment of psoriasis: a comprehensive evidence-based basic science and clinical review and a practical guide to tuberculosis monitoring. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2013;44:121–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu J, Li H, Li M. Effects of baicalin cream in two mouse models: 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced contact hypersensitivity and mouse tail test for psoriasis. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8:2128–2137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hung CH, Wang CN, Cheng HH, et al. Baicalin ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation in mice. Planta Med. 2018;84:1110–1117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubois Declercq S, Pouliot R. Promising new treatments for psoriasis. Sci World J. 2013;2013:1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Kim J, Krueger JG. Highly effective new treatments for psoriasis target the IL-23/Type 17 T cell autoimmune axis. Annu Rev Med. 2016;68:255–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Neill JL, Kalb RE. Ustekinumab in the therapy of chronic plaque psoriasis. Biol Targets Ther. 2009;3:159–168.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dao H Jr, Ren V. Potential role of ixekizumab in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2013;6:75–80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DiSepio D, Chandraratna RA. New drugs in the treatment of psoriasis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2000;9:79–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujiyama T, Ito T, Umayahara T, et al. Topical application of a vitamin D3 analogue and corticosteroid to psoriasis plaques decreases skin infiltration of TH17 cells and their ex vivo expansion. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;138:517–528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del RJQ, Kim GK. The rationale behind topical vitamin D analogs in the treatment of psoriasis where does topical calcitriol fit in? J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2010;3:46–53.
   Google Scholar
• Meephansan J, Ruchusatsawat K, Sindhupak W, et al. Effect of methotrexate on serum levels of IL-22 in patients with psoriasis. Eur J Dermatol. 2011;21:501–504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malecic N, Young H. Tacrolimus for the management of psoriasis: clinical utility and place in therapy. Psoriasis Targets Ther. 2016;6:153–163.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brune A, Miller DW, Lin P, et al. Tacrolimus ointment is effective for psoriasis on the face and intertriginous areas in pediatric patients. Pediatr Dermatol. 2007;24:76–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhatia A, Singh B, Wadhwa S, et al. Novel phospholipid-based topical formulations of tamoxifen: evaluation for antipsoriatic activity using mouse-tail model. Pharm Dev Technol. 2014;19:160–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cather JC, Crowley JJ. Use of biologic agents in combination with other therapies for the treatment of psoriasis. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2014;15:467–478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parnami N, Garg T, Rath G, et al. Development and characterization of nanocarriers for topical treatment of psoriasis by using combination therapy. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2014;1401:406–412.
   Google Scholar
• Sonawane R, Harde H, Katariya M, et al. Solid lipid nanoparticles-loaded topical gel containing combination drugs?: an approach to offset psoriasis. Expert Opin Drug Discov. 2014;11:1–15.
   Google Scholar
• Kragballe K, Noerrelund KL, Lui H, et al. Therapeutics Efficacy of once-daily treatment regimens with calcipotriol / betamethasone dipropionate ointment and calcipotriol ointment in psoriasis vulgaris. Br J Dermatol. 2004;2004(150):1167–1173. .
   Google Scholar
• Jain A, Doppalapudi S, Domb AJ, et al. Tacrolimus and curcumin co-loaded liposphere gel: synergistic combination towards management of psoriasis. J Control Release. 2016;243:132–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman MB, Hill D, Feldman SR. Current challenges and emerging drug delivery strategies for the treatment of psoriasis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2016;13:1461–1473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farokhzad OC, Langer R. Impact of nanotechnology on drug discovery & development pharmanext. ACS Nano. 2009;3:16–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Md S, Bhattmisra SK, Zeeshan F, et al. Nano-carrier enabled drug delivery systems for nose to brain targeting for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2018;43:295–310.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson JE, Kopecki Z, Cowin AJ. Nanotechnological advances in cutaneous medicine. J Nanomater. 2013;2013:1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta S, Gupta S, Jindal N, et al. Nanocarriers and nanoparticles for skin care and dermatological treatments. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2013;4:267–272.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Palmer BC, DeLouise LA. Nanoparticle-enabled transdermal drug delivery systems for enhanced dose control and tissue targeting. Molecules. 2016;21:7–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang L, Zhang CS, May B, et al. Efficacy of combining oral Chinese herbal medicine and NB - UVB in treating psoriasis vulgaris?: a systematic review and meta - analysis. Chin Med. 2015;10:1–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Z, Tsai P-C, Ramezanli T, et al. Polymeric nanoparticles-based topical delivery systems for the treatment of dermatological diseases. Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2013;5:205–218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim ST, Jang D-J, Kim JH, et al. Topical administration of cyclosporin A in a solid lipid nanoparticle formulation.. Die Pharmazie. 2009;64(8):510–514.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Essaghraoui A, Belfkira A, Hamdaoui B, et al. Improved dermal delivery of cyclosporine a loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles. Nanomaterials. 2019;9:1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinto MF, Moura CC, Nunes C, et al. A new topical formulation for psoriasis: development of methotrexate-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers. Int J Pharm. 2014;477:519–526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doppalapudi S, Jain A, Chopra DK, et al. Psoralen loaded liposomal nanocarriers for improved skin penetration and efficacy of topical PUVA in psoriasis. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2017;96:515–529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaur A, Katiyar SS, Kushwah V, et al. Nanoemulsion loaded gel for topical co-delivery of clobitasol propionate and calcipotriol in psoriasis. Nanomedicine Nanotechnology, Biol Med. 2017;13:1473–1482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed TA. Preparation of transfersomes encapsulating sildenafil aimed for transdermal drug delivery: Plackett-Burman design and characterization. J Liposome Res. 2014;25:1–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma P, Pathak K. Therapeutic and cosmeceutical potential of ethosomes: an overview. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2010;1:274–282.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mali N, Darandale S, Vavia P. Niosomes as a vesicular carrier for topical administration of minoxidil: formulation and in vitro assessment. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2012;3:587–592.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garg T, Rath G, Goyal AK. Nanotechnological approaches for the effective management of psoriasis. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2016;44:1374–1382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mao KL, Fan ZL, Yuan JD, et al. Skin-penetrating polymeric nanoparticles incorporated in silk fibroin hydrogel for topical delivery of curcumin to improve its therapeutic effect on psoriasis mouse model. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2017;160:704–714.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosado C, Silva C, Reis CP. Hydrocortisone-loaded poly(e-caprolactone) nanoparticles for atopic dermatitis treatment. Pharm Dev Technol. 2013;18:710–718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain S, Mittal A,K, Jain A. Enhanced topical delivery of cyclosporin-A using PLGA nanoparticles as carrier. Curr Nanosci. 2011;7:524–530.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badilli U, Sen T, Tarimci N. Microparticulate based topical delivery system of clobetasol propionate. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2011;12:949–957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishihara T, Izumo N, Higaki M, et al. Role of zinc in formulation of PLGA/PLA nanoparticles encapsulating betamethasone phosphate and its release profile. J Control Release. 2005;105:68–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pradhan M, Singh D, Singh MR. Influence of selected variables on fabrication of Triamcinolone acetonide loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for topical treatment of dermal disorders. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2016;44:392–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bikkad ML, Nathani AH, Mandlik SK, et al. Halobetasol propionate-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for skin targeting by topical delivery. J Liposome Res. 2014;24:113–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madan J, Dua K, Khude P. Development and evaluation of solid lipid nanoparticles of mometasone furoate for topical delivery. Int J Pharm Investig. 2014;4:60–64.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raza K, Singh B, Lohan S, et al. Nano-lipoidal carriers of tretinoin with enhanced percutaneous absorption, photostability, biocompatibility and anti-psoriatic activity. Int J Pharm. 2013;456(1):65–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gambhire MS, Bhalekar MR, Shrivastava B. Investigations in photostability of dithranol incorporated in solid lipid nanoparticles. Pharm Chem J. 2012;46:256–261.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang R, Li L, Wang B, et al. FK506-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: preparation, characterization and in vitro transdermal drug delivery. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2012;6:904–913.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlupp P, Blaschke T, Kramer KD, et al. Drug release and skin penetration from solid lipid nanoparticles and a base cream: a systematic approach from a comparison of three glucocorticoids. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2011;24:199–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagy ZK, Balogh A, Azs BAL, et al. Comparison of electrospun and extruded soluplus R -based solid. J Pharm Sci. 2012;101:322–332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang JY, Fang CL, Liu CH, et al. Lipid nanoparticles as vehicles for topical psoralen delivery: solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) versus nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2008;70:633–640.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta V, Kowshik K, Sehgal N. Development of nano structured lipid carrier based hydrogel for the treatment of psoriasis. Int J Res Pharm Sci. 2019;10:1711–1719.
   Google Scholar
• Sathe P, Saka R, Kommineni N, et al. Dithranol-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier-based gel ameliorate psoriasis in imiquimod-induced mice psoriatic plaque model. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2019;45:826–838.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaur N, Sharma K, Bedi N. Topical nanostructured lipid carrier based hydrogel of mometasone furoate for the treatment of psoriasis. Pharm Nanotechnol. 2018;6:133–143.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arora R, Katiyar SS, Kushwah V, et al. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carrier-based nanotherapeutics in treatment of psoriasis: a comparative study. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2017;14:165–177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avasatthi V, Pawar H, Dora CP, et al. A novel nanogel formulation of methotrexate for topical treatment of psoriasis: optimization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Pharm Dev Technol. 2016;21:554–562.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pradhan M, Singh D, Murthy SN, et al. Design, characterization and skin permeating potential of Fluocinolone acetonide loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for topical treatment of psoriasis. Steroids. 2015;101:56–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agrawal Y, Petkar KC, Sawant KK. Development, evaluation and clinical studies of Acitretin loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for topical treatment of psoriasis. Int J Pharm. 2010;401:93–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antônio Dantas Silva L, Fleury Taveira S, Martins Lima E, et al. In vitro skin penetration of clobetasol from lipid nanoparticles: drug extraction and quantitation in different skin layers. Braz J Pharm Sci. 2012;48:811–817.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nam SH, Ji XY, Park JS. Investigation of tacrolimus loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for topical drug delivery. Bull Korean Chem Soc. 2011;32:956–960.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamra M, Diwan A. Liposomes in dermatological diseases. J Appl Pharm Res. 2017;5:1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Walunj M, Doppalapudi S, Bulbake U, et al. Preparation, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of cyclosporine cationic liposomes for the treatment of psoriasis. J Liposome Res. 2020;30:68–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai RC, Yeo RWY, Zhang B, et al. Topical application of Yolk lecithin liposomes reinforces skin barrier function against chemical agents such as psoriasis-inducing IMQ and alleviates disease phenotype. Clin Exp Dermatol Ther. 2018;2018:1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar R, Dogra S, Amarji B, et al. Efficacy of cyclosporine in mild to moderate stable plaque psoriasis a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2016;152:807–814.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wadhwa S, Singh B, Sharma G, et al. Liposomal fusidic acid as a potential delivery system: a new paradigm in the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. Drug Deliv. 2016;23(4):1204–1213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NØ K, Rønholt S, Salte RD, et al. Calcipotriol delivery into the skin with PEGylated liposomes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2012;81:532–539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alam MS, Ali MS, Alam N, et al. Design and characterization of nanostructure topical gel of betamethasone dipropionate for psoriasis. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2012;2:148–158.
   Google Scholar
• Rajitha P, Shammika P, Aiswarya S, et al. Chaulmoogra oil based methotrexate loaded topical nanoemulsion for the treatment of psoriasis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2019;49:463–476.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahu S, Katiyar SS, Kushwah V, et al. Active natural oil-based nanoemulsion containing tacrolimus for synergistic antipsoriatic efficacy. Nanomedicine. 2018;13:1985–1998.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musa SH, Basri M, Masoumi HRF, et al. Enhancement of physicochemical properties of nanocolloidal carrier loaded with cyclosporine for topical treatment of psoriasis: in vitro diffusion and in vivo hydrating action. Int J Nanomedicine. 2017;12:2427–2441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barradas TN, Senna JP, Cardoso SA, et al. Hydrogel-thickened nanoemulsions based on essential oils for topical delivery of psoralen: permeation and stability studies. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2017;116:38–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alam MS, Ali MS, Zakir F, et al. Enhancement of anti-dermatitis potential of clobetasol propionate by DHA [docosahexaenoic acid] rich algal oil nanoemulsion gel. Iran J Pharm Res. 2016;15:35–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Battaglia L, Peira E, Sapino S, et al. Lipid nanosystems in topical PUVA therapy. J Dispers Sci Technol. 2012;33:565–569.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duangjit S, Obata Y, Sano H, et al. Menthosomes, novel ultradeformable vesicles for transdermal drug delivery: optimization and characterization. Biol Pharm Bull. 2012;35(10):1720–1728.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jose Morilla M, Lilia Romero E. Carrier deformability in drug delivery. Curr Pharm Des. 2016;22:1118–1134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srisuk P, Thongnopnua P, Raktanonchai U, et al. Physico-chemical characteristics of methotrexate-entrapped oleic acid-containing deformable liposomes for in vitro transepidermal delivery targeting psoriasis treatment. Int J Pharm. 2012;427:426–434.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trotta M, Peira E, Carlotti ME, et al. Deformable liposomes for dermal administration of methotrexate. Int J Pharm. 2004;270:119–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sudhakar CK, Jain S, Charyuliu RN. A comparison study of liposomes, transfersomes and ethosomes bearing lamivudine. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2016;7:4214–4221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El GS, Fadel M, Mourad B, et al. Betamethasone dipropionate gel for treatment of localized plaque psoriasis. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2017;9:173–182.
   Google Scholar
• Sala M, Diab R, Elaissari A, et al. Lipid nanocarriers as skin drug delivery systems: properties, mechanisms of skin interactions and medical applications. Int J Pharm. 2018;535:1–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lei W, Yu C, Lin H, et al. Development of tacrolimus-loaded transfersomes for deeper skin penetration enhancement and therapeutic effect improvement in vivo. Asian J Pharm Sci. 2013;8:336–345.
   Google Scholar
• Cevc G, Blume G. Hydrocortisone and dexamethasone in very deformable drug carriers have increased biological potency, prolonged effect, and reduced therapeutic dosage. Biochim Biophys Acta - Biomembr. 2004;1663:61–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fesq H, Lehmann J, Kontny A, et al. Improved risk-benefit ratio for topical triamcinolone acetonide in Transfersome® in comparison with equipotent cream and ointment: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 2003;149:611–619.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Xia Q, Li Y, et al. CD44 assists the topical anti-psoriatic efficacy of curcumin-loaded hyaluronan-modified ethosomes: a new strategy for clustering drug in inflammatory skin. Theranostics. 2019;9:48–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korade S, Deshmukh MT, Shete RV. Formulation and evaluation of ethosomal gel containing clobetasol. Eur J Pharm Med Res. 2016;3:664–672.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang Y-T, Shen L-N, Zhao J, et al. Evaluation of psoralen ethosomes for topical delivery in rats by using in vivo microdialysis. Int J Nanomedicine. 2014;9:669–678.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li G, Fan Y, Fan C, et al. Tacrolimus-loaded ethosomes: physicochemical characterization and in vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2012;82:49–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubey V, Mishra D, Dutta T, et al. Dermal and transdermal delivery of an anti-psoriatic agent via ethanolic liposomes. J Control Release. 2007;123:148–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashim II, El-Magd NF, El-Sheakh AR, et al. Pivotal role of acitretin nanovesicular gel for effective treatment of psoriasis: ex vivo–in vivo evaluation study. Int J Nanomed. 2018;13:1059–1079.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Priprem A, Damrongrungruang T, Limsitthichaikoon S, et al. Topical niosome gel containing an anthocyanin complex: a potential oral wound healing in rats. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2018;19:1681–1692.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdelbary AA, Aboughaly MHH. Design and optimization of topical methotrexate loaded niosomes for enhanced management of psoriasis: application of Box-Behnken design, in-vitro evaluation and in-vivo skin deposition study. Int J Pharm. 2015;485:235–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marianecci C, Rinaldi F, Mastriota M, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of novel ammonium glycyrrhizinate/niosomes delivery system: human and murine models. J Control Release. 2012;164:17–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ucisik MH, Küpcü S, Schuster B, et al. Characterization of CurcuEmulsomes: nanoformulation for enhanced solubility and delivery of curcumin. J Nanobiotechnology. 2013;11:1–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta R, Gupta M, Mangal S, et al. Capsaicin-loaded vesicular systems designed for enhancing localized delivery for psoriasis therapy. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2016;44:825–834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raza K, Katare OP, Setia A, et al. Improved therapeutic performance of dithranol against psoriasis employing systematically optimized nanoemulsomes. J Microencapsul. 2013;30:225–236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thambi T, Park JH, Lee DS. Stimuli-responsive polymersomes for cancer therapy. Biomater Sci. 2016;4:55–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marepally S, Boakye CH, Patel AR, et al. Topical administration of dual siRNAs using fusogenic lipid nanoparticles for treating psoriatic-like plaques. Nanomedicine. 2014;9(14):2157–2174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar