Cancer bone metastases and nanotechnology-based treatment strategies

References

• Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortalityworldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman RE, Croucher PI, Padhani AR, et al. Bone metastases. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020;6(1):83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman RE. Clinical features of metastatic bone disease and risk of skeletal morbidity. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12(20 Pt 2):6243s–6249s.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boxer DI, Todd CE, Coleman R, et al. Bone secondaries in breast cancer: the solitary metastasis. J Nucl Med. 1989;30(8):1318–1320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Moos R, Costa L, Gonzalez-Suarez E, et al. Management of bone health in solid tumours: from bisphosphonates to a monoclonal antibody. Cancer Treat Rev. 2019;76:57–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman R, Hadji P, Body JJ, et al. Bone health in cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines. Ann Oncol. 2020;31(12):1650–1663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yong M, Jensen AØ, Jacobsen JB, et al. Survival in breast cancer patients with bone metastases and skeletal-related events: a population-based cohort study in Denmark (1999-2007). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;129(2):495–503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nørgaard M, Jensen AØ, Jacobsen JB, et al. Skeletal related events, bone metastasis and survival of prostate cancer: a population based cohort study in Denmark (1999 to 2007). J Urol. 2010;184(1):162–167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang W, Bado IL, Hu J, et al. The bone microenvironment invigorates metastatic seeds for further dissemination. Cell. 2021;184(9):2471–2486.e20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choksi P, Papaleontiou M, Guo C, et al. Skeletal complications and mortality in thyroid cancer: a population-based study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102(4):1254–1260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruatta F, Derosa L, Escudier B, et al. Prognosis of renal cell carcinoma with bone metastases: experience from a large cancer centre. Eur J Cancer. 2019;107:79–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cetin K, Christiansen CF, Jacobsen JB, et al. Bone metastasis, skeletal-related events, and mortality in lung cancer patients: a Danish population-based cohort study. Lung Cancer. 2014;86(2):247–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanthan R, Loewy J, Kanthan SC. Skeletal metastases in colorectal carcinomas: a Saskatchewan profile. Dis Colon Rectum. 1999;42(12):1592–1597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fornetti J, Welm AL, Stewart SA. Understanding the bone in cancer metastasis. J Bone Miner Res. 2018;33(12):2099–2113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satcher RL, Zhang XH. Evolving cancer-niche interactions and therapeutic targets during bone metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer. 2022;22(2):85–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sowder ME, Johnson RW. Bone as a preferential site for metastasis. JBMR Plus. 2019;3(3):e10126–e10126.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang W, Bado I, Wang H, et al. Bone metastasis: find your niche and fit in. Trends Cancer. 2019;5(2):95–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clezardin P, Coleman R, Puppo M, et al. Bone metastasis: mechanisms, therapies, and biomarkers. Physiol Rev. 2021;101(3):797–855.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spencer JA, Ferraro F, Roussakis E, et al. Direct measurement of local oxygen concentration in the bone marrow of live animals. Nature. 2014;508(7495):269–273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baschuk N, Rautela J, Parker BS. Bone specific immunity and its impact on metastasis. Bonekey Rep. 2015;4:665.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ellis SL, Nilsson SK. The location and cellular composition of the hemopoietic stem cell niche. Cytotherapy. 2012;14(2):135–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang H, Yu Z, Ji S, et al. Targeting bone microenvironments for treatment and early detection of cancer bone metastatic niches. J Control Release. 2022;341:443–456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang W, Wang F, Hu C, et al. The progress and perspective of nanoparticle-enabled tumor metastasis treatment. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2020;10(11):2037–2053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu W, Hu C, Gao H. Advances of nanomedicines in breast cancer metastasis treatment targeting different metastatic stages. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021;178:113909.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng S, Xiao F, Chen M, et al. Tumor‐microenvironment‐responsive nanomedicine for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Adv Sci. 2022;9(1):2103836.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu W, Liu R, Zhou Y, et al. Size-tunable strategies for a tumor targeted drug delivery system. ACS Cent Sci. 2020;6(2):100–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang S, Xibo P, Huile G, et al. Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Chin Chem Lett. 2020;31(5):1060–1070.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia W, Wang Y, Liu R, et al. Shape transformable strategies for drug delivery. Adv Funct Mater. 2021;31(18):2009765.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng X, Wei J, Ge Q, et al. The optimized drug delivery systems of treating cancer bone metastatic osteolysis with nanomaterials. Drug Deliv. 2021;28(1):37–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coughlin TR, Romero-Moreno R, Mason DE, et al. Bone: a fertile soil for cancer metastasis. Curr Drug Targets. 2017;18(11):1281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Cao X. Characteristics and significance of the pre-metastatic niche. Cancer Cell. 2016;30(5):668–681.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan RN, Psaila B, Lyden D. Bone marrow cells in the ‘pre-metastatic niche’: within bone and beyond. Cancer Metast Rev. 2007;25(4):521–529.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ursini-Siegel J, Siegel PM. The influence of the pre-metastatic niche on breast cancer metastasis. Cancer Lett. 2016;380(1):281–288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiozawa Y, Eber MR, Berry JE, et al. Bone marrow as a metastatic niche for disseminated tumor cells from solid tumors. Bonekey Rep. 2015;4:689.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang J, La Manna F, Bonollo F, et al. Tumor microenvironment mechanisms and bone metastatic disease progression of prostate cancer. Cancer Lett. 2022;530:156–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan X, Qian N, Ling S, et al. Breast cancer exosomes contribute to pre-metastatic niche formation and promote bone metastasis of tumor cells. Theranostics. 2021;11(3):1429–1445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wels J, Kaplan RN, Rafii S, et al. Migratory neighbors and distant invaders: tumor-associated niche cells. Genes Dev. 2008;22(5):559–574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Ren S, Wang Z, et al. Chemokines in bone-metastatic breast cancer: therapeutic opportunities. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020;87:106815.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weidle UH, Birzele F, Kollmorgen G, et al. Molecular mechanisms of bone metastasis. Cancer Genomics Proteomics. 2016;13(1):1–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Midavaine É, Côté J, Sarret P. The multifaceted roles of the chemokines CCL2 and CXCL12 in osteophilic metastaticcancers. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2021;40(2):427–445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Driel M, van Leeuwen JPTM. Cancer and bone: a complex complex. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2014;561:159–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanmartin MC, Borzone FR, Giorello MB, et al. Bone marrow/bone pre-metastatic niche for breast cancer cells colonization: the role of mesenchymal stromal cells. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2021;164:103416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider JG, Amend SR, Weilbaecher KN. Integrins and bone metastasis: integrating tumor cell and stromal cell interactions. Bone. 2011;48(1):54–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma R, Sharma R, Khaket TP, et al. Breast cancer metastasis: putative therapeutic role of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Cell Oncol (Dordr). 2017;40(3):199–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun S, Pantel K, Müller P, et al. Cytokeratin-positive cells in the bone marrow and survival of patients with stage I,II, or III breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(8):525–533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvador F, Llorente A, Gomis RR. From latency to overt bone metastasis in breast cancer: potential for treatment and prevention. J Pathol. 2019;249(1):6–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguirre-Ghiso JA, Sosa MS. Emerging topics on disseminated cancer cell dormancy and the paradigm of metastasis. Annu Rev Cancer Biol. 2018;2(1):377–393.
   Google Scholar
• Vičić I, Belev B. The pathogenesis of bone metastasis in solid tumors: a review. Croat Med J. 2021;62(3):270–282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiozawa Y, Pedersen EA, Patel LR, et al. GAS6/AXL axis regulates prostate cancer invasion, proliferation, and survival in the bone marrow niche. Neoplasia. 2010;12(2):116–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghajar CM, Peinado H, Mori H, et al. The perivascular niche regulates breast tumour dormancy. Nat Cell Biol. 2013;15(7):807–817.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ono M, Kosaka N, Tominaga N, et al. Exosomes from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells contain a microRNA that promotes dormancy in metastatic breast cancer cells. Sci Signal. 2014;7(332):ra63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne NM, Summers MA, McDonald MM. Tumor cell dormancy and reactivation in bone: skeletal biology and therapeutic opportunities. JBMR Plus. 2019;3(3):e10125.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Owen S, Zabkiewicz C, Ye L, et al. Key factors in breast cancer dissemination and establishment at the bone: past, present and future perspectives. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;1026:197–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shupp A, Kolb A, Mukhopadhyay D, et al. Cancer metastases to bone: concepts, mechanisms, and interactions with bone osteoblasts. Cancers (Basel). 2018;10(6):182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peinado H, Zhang H, Matei IR, et al. Pre-metastatic niches: organ-specific homes for metastases. Nat Rev Cancer. 2017;17(5):302–317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin E, Koo JS. The role of adipokines and bone marrow adipocytes in breast cancer bone metastasis. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(14):4967.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alsamraae M, Cook LM. Emerging roles for myeloid immune cells in bone metastasis. Cancer Metast Rev. 2021;40(2):413–425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bado IL, Zhang W, Hu J, et al. The bone microenvironment increases phenotypic plasticity of ER(+) breast cancer cells. Dev Cell. 2021;56(8):1100–1117.e9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ban J, Fock V, Aryee DNT, et al. Mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of bone metastases. Cells. 2021;10(11):2944.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang M, Liu C, Yu X. Skeletal-related adverse events during bone metastasis of breast cancer: current status. Discov Med. 2019;27(149):211–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dionísio MR, Mansinho A, Abreu C, et al. Clinical and translational pharmacology of drugs for the prevention and treatment of bone metastases and cancer-induced bone loss. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2019;85(6):1114–1124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichols JW, Bae YH. EPR: evidence and fallacy. J Control Release. 2014;190:451–464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mu CF, Shen J, Liang J, et al. Targeted drug delivery for tumor therapy inside the bone marrow. Biomaterials. 2018;155:191–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarin H. Physiologic upper limits of pore size of different blood capillary types and another perspective on the dual pore theory of microvascular permeability. J Angiogenes Res. 2010;2:14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adjei IM, Sharma B, Peetla C, et al. Inhibition of bone loss with surface-modulated, drug-loaded nanoparticles in an intraosseous model of prostate cancer. J Control Release. 2016;232:83–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milla P, Dosio F, Cattel L. PEGylation of proteins and liposomes: a powerful and flexible strategy to improve the drug delivery. Curr Drug Metab. 2012;13(1):105–119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yadav D, Dewangan HK. PEGYLATION: an important approach for novel drug delivery system. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 2021;32(2):266–280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ernsting MJ, Murakami M, Undzys E, et al. A docetaxel-carboxymethylcellulose nanoparticle outperforms the approved taxanenanoformulation, Abraxane, in mouse tumor models with significant control ofmetastases. J Control Release. 2012;162(3):575–581.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kroon J, Buijs JT, van der Horst G, et al. Liposomal delivery of dexamethasone attenuates prostate cancer bone metastatic tumor growth in vivo. Prostate. 2015;75(8):815–824.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wenande E, Garvey LH. Immediate-type hypersensitivity to polyethylene glycols: a review. Clin Exp Allergy. 2016;46(7):907–922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu J, Yuan X, Wang F, et al. The progress and perspective of strategies to improve tumor penetration of nanomedicines. Chin Chem Lett. 2021;32(4):1341–1347.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maeda H, Fang J, Inutsuka T, et al. Vascular permeability enhancement in solid tumor: various factors, mechanisms involved and its implications. Int Immunopharmacol. 2003;3(3):319–328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Less JR, Skalak TC, Sevick EM, et al. Microvascular architecture in a mammary carcinoma: branching patterns and vesseldimensions. Cancer Res. 1991;51(1):265–273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang S, Gao H. Nanoparticles for modulating tumor microenvironment to improve drug delivery and tumor therapy. Pharmacol Res. 2017;126(SI):97–108.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhou Y, Chen X, Cao J, et al. Overcoming the biological barriers in the tumor microenvironment for improving drug delivery and efficacy. J Mat Chem B. 2020;8(31):6765–6781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eikenes L, Bruland ØS, Brekken C, et al. Collagenase increases the transcapillary pressure gradient and improves the uptake and distribution of monoclonal antibodies in human osteosarcoma xenografts. Cancer Res. 2004;64(14):4768–4773.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cun X, Ruan S, Chen J, et al. A dual strategy to improve the penetration and treatment of breast cancer by combining shrinking nanoparticles with collagen depletion by losartan. Acta Biomater. 2016;31:186–196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin JD, Seano G, Jain RK. Normalizing function of tumor vessels: progress, opportunities, and challenges. Annu Rev Physiol. 2019;81:505–534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chauhan VP, Stylianopoulos T, Martin JD, et al. Normalization of tumour blood vessels improves the delivery of nanomedicines in a size-dependent manner. Nat Nanotechnol. 2012;7(6):383–388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu R, An Y, Jia W, et al. Macrophage-mimic shape changeable nanomedicine retained in tumor for multimodal therapy of breast cancer. J Control Release. 2020;321:589–601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu R, Yu M, Yang X, et al. Linear chimeric triblock molecules self-assembled micelles with controllably transformable property to enhance tumor retention for chemo-photodynamic therapy of breast cancer. Adv Funct Mater. 2019;29(23):1808462.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin Y, Tong F, Zhang W, et al. Self-delivered supramolecular nanomedicine with transformable shape for ferrocene-amplified photodynamic therapy of breast cancer and bone metastases. Adv Funct Mater. 2021;31(210464542):2104645.
   Google Scholar
• Lee H, Shields AF, Siegel BA, et al. (64)Cu-MM-302 Positron emission tomography quantifies variability of enhanced permeability and retention of nanoparticles in relation to treatment response in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23(15):4190–4202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao X, Li L, Cai X, et al. Targeting nanoparticles for diagnosis and therapy of bone tumors: opportunities and challenges. Biomaterials. 2021;265:120404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neale JR, Richter NB, Merten KE, et al. Bone selective effect of an estradiol conjugate with a novel tetracycline-derived bone-targeting agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009;19(3):680–683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadar RA, Margiotta N, Iafisco M, et al. Bisphosphonate-functionalized imaging agents, anti-tumor agents and nanocarriers for treatment of bone cancer. Adv Healthc Mater. 2017;6(8):1601119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katsumi H, Yamashita S, Morishita M, et al. Bone-targeted drug delivery systems and strategies for treatment of bone metastasis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2020;68(7):560–566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller K, Clementi C, Polyak D, et al. Poly(ethylene glycol)-paclitaxel-alendronate self-assembled micelles for the targeted treatment of breast cancer bone metastases. Biomaterials. 2013;34(15):3795–3806.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zayed GM, Tessmar JK. Heterobifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives for the surface modification of gold nanoparticles toward bone mineral targeting. Macromol Biosci. 2012;12(8):1124–1136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Jia Z, Akhter MP, et al. Bone-targeting liposome formulation of Salvianic acid A accelerates the healing of delayed fracture Union in Mice. Nanomedicine. 2018;14(7):2271–2282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexandrino EM, Ritz S, Marsico F, et al. Paclitaxel-loaded polyphosphate nanoparticles: a potential strategy for bone cancer treatment. J Mater Chem B. 2014;2(10):1298–1306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwasaki Y, Yokota A, Otaka A, et al. Bone-targeting poly(ethylene sodium phosphate). Biomater Sci. 2017;6(1):91–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Z, Fan T, Yan Y, et al. One stone with two birds: phytic acid-capped platinum nanoparticles for targeted combination therapy of bone tumors. Biomaterials. 2019;194:130–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarbrough DK, Hagerman E, Eckert R, et al. Specific binding and mineralization of calcified surfaces by small peptides. Calcif Tissue Int. 2010;86(1):58–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Low SA, Yang J, Kopeček J. Bone-targeted acid-sensitive doxorubicin conjugate micelles as potential osteosarcoma therapeutics. Bioconjug Chem. 2014;25(11):2012–2020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang D, Miller S, Kopeckova P, et al. Bone-targeting macromolecular therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2005;57(7):1049–1076.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimoda Y, Kitajima K, Inoue S, et al. Calcium ion binding of three different types of oligo/polysialic acids as studied by equilibrium dialysis and circular dichroic methods. Biochemistry. 1994;33(5):1202–1208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan Y, Gao X, Zhang S, et al. A carboxyl-terminated dendrimer enables osteolytic lesion targeting and photothermal ablation of malignant bone tumors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2019;11(1):160–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xing L, Ebetino FH, Boeckman RK Jr, et al. Targeting anti-cancer agents to bone using bisphosphonates. Bone (New York, NY). 2020;138:115492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schott S, Wallwiener M, Kootz B, et al. Cytotoxicity of the new antimetabolite-bisphosphonate (5-FdU-alendronate) in comparison to standard therapeutics on breast and ovarian cancer cell lines in the ATP tumor chemosensitivity assay. Invest New Drugs. 2012;30(4):1750–1755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmberg AR, Lerner UH, Alayia AA, et al. Development of a novel poly bisphosphonate conjugate for treatment of skeletal metastasis and osteoporosis. Int J Oncol. 2010;37(3):563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Mabhouh AA, Nation PN, Abele JT, et al. A conjugate of gemcitabine with bisphosphonate (Gem/BP) shows potential as a targeted bone-specific therapeutic agent in an animal model of human breast cancer bone metastases. Oncol Res. 2011;19(6):287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Xiao L, Tao J, et al. Synthesis of a bone-targeted bortezomib with in vivo anti-myeloma effects in mice. Pharmaceutics. 2018;10(3):154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otaka A, Yamaguchi T, Saisho R, et al. Bone-targeting phospholipid polymers to solubilize the lipophilic anticancer drug. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2020;108(10):2090–2099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai SB, Cheng Y, Liu D-Z, et al. Bone-targeted PAMAM nanoparticle to treat bone metastases of lung cancer. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2020;15(9):833–849.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long M, Liu X, Huang X, et al. Alendronate-functionalized hypoxia-responsive polymeric micelles for targeted therapy of bone metastatic prostate cancer. J Control Release. 2021;334:303–317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun W, Ge K, Jin Y, et al. Bone-targeted nanoplatform combining zoledronate and photothermal therapy to treat breast cancer bone metastasis. ACS Nano. 2019;13(7):7556–7567.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He X, Wang X, Yang L, et al. Intelligent lesion blood brain barrier targeting nano-missiles for Alzheimer’s disease treatment by anti-neuroinflammation and neuroprotection. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2022;12(4):1987–1999.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J, Zeng Y, Shi S, et al. Design of polyaspartic acid peptide-poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles as a carrier of hydrophobic drugs targeting cancer metastasized to bone. Int J Nanomedicine. 2017;12:3561–3575.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang D, Miller SC, Shlyakhtenko LS, et al. Osteotropic peptide that differentiates functional domains of the skeleton. Bioconjug Chem. 2007;18(5):1375–1378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X. Bone site-specific delivery of siRNA. J Biomed Res. 2016;30(4):264–271.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhu Q, Feng C, Liao W, et al. Target delivery of MYCN siRNA by folate-nanoliposomes delivery system in a metastatic neuroblastoma model. Cancer Cell Int. 2013;13(1):65.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Au KM, Satterlee A, Min Y, et al. Folate-targeted pH-responsive calcium zoledronate nanoscale metal-organic frameworks: turning a bone antiresorptive agent into an anticancer therapeutic. Biomaterials. 2016;82:178–193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo Z, Dai Y, Gao H. Development and application of hyaluronic acid in tumor targeting drug delivery. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2019;9(6):1099–1112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nair HB, Huffman S, Veerapaneni P, et al. Hyaluronic acid-bound letrozole nanoparticles restore sensitivity to letrozole-resistant xenograft tumors in mice. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2011;11(5):3789–3799.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross MH, Esser AK, Fox GC, et al. Bone-induced expression of integrin β3 enables targeted nanotherapy of breast cancermetastases. Cancer Res. 2017;77(22):6299–6312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang F, Chen L, Zhang R, et al. RGD peptide conjugated liposomal drug delivery system for enhance therapeutic efficacy in treating bone metastasis from prostate cancer. J Control Release. 2014;196:222–233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barani M, Mukhtar M, Rahdar A, et al. Recent advances in nanotechnology-based diagnosis and treatments of human osteosarcoma. Biosensors (Basel). 2021;11(2):55.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen SH, Liu TI, Chuang CL, et al. Alendronate/folic acid-decorated polymeric nanoparticles for hierarchically targetable chemotherapy against bone metastatic breast cancer. J Mater Chem B. 2020;8(17):3789–3800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ke X, Lin W, Li X, et al. Synergistic dual-modified liposome improves targeting and therapeutic efficacy of bone metastasis from breast cancer. Drug Deliv. 2017;24(1):1680–1689.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niu Y, Yang H, Yu Z, et al. Intervention with the bone-associated tumor vicious cycle through dual-protein therapeutics for treatment of skeletal-related events and bone metastases. ACS Nano. 2022;16(2):2209–2223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loibl S, Gianni L. HER2-positive breast cancer. Lancet. 2017;389(10087):2415–2429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrov SA, Zyk NY, Machulkin AE, et al. PSMA-targeted low-molecular double conjugates for diagnostics and therapy. Eur J Med Chem. 2021;225:113752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altaf F, Weber M, Dea N, et al. Evidence-based review and survey of expert opinion of reconstruction of metastatic spine tumors. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2016;41(Suppl 20):S254–S261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henrichs M, Krebs J, Gosheger G, et al. Modular tumor endoprostheses in surgical palliation of long-bone metastases: a reduction in tumor burden and a durable reconstruction. World J Surg Oncol. 2014;12(1):330.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Phull SS, Yazdi AR, Ghert M, et al. Bone cement as a local chemotherapeutic drug delivery carrier in orthopedic oncology: a review. J Bone Oncol. 2021;26:100345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cyphert EL, Kanagasegar N, Zhang N, et al. PMMA bone cement composite functions as an adjuvant chemotherapeutic platform for localized and multi-window release during bone reconstruction. Macromol Biosci. 2022;22(5):e2100415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dewhurst RM, Scalzone A, Buckley J, et al. Development of natural-based bone cement for a controlled doxorubicin-drug release. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020;8:754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao J, Han R, Wu Y, et al. Review of a new bone tumor therapy strategy based on bifunctional biomaterials. Bone Res. 2021;9(1):18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raucci MG, D’Amora U, Ronca A, et al. Injectable functional biomaterials for minimally invasive surgery. Adv Healthc Mater. 2020;9(13):e2000349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Yang Z, Fang L, et al. Hydrogel composites with different dimensional nanoparticles for bone regeneration. Macromol Rapid Commun. 2021;42(20):e2100362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Z, Zhao F, Zhang W, et al. Degradable photothermal bioactive glass composite hydrogel for the sequential treatment of tumor-related bone defects: from anti-tumor to repairing bone defects. Chem Eng J (Lausanne, Switzerland : 1996). 2021; 419:129520.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byambaa B, Annabi N, Yue K, et al. Bioprinted osteogenic and vasculogenic patterns for engineering 3D bone tissue. Adv Healthc Mater. 2017;6(16):1700015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu Y, Woodbine L, Carr AM, et al. 3D printed Calcium Phosphate Cement (CPC) scaffolds for anti-cancer drug delivery. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(11):1077.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin H, Shi S, Lan X, et al. Scaffold 3D-printed from metallic nanoparticles-containing ink simultaneously eradicates tumor and repairs tumor-associated bone defects. Small Methods. 2021;5(9):e2100536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao W, Gao H. The impact of protein Corona on the behavior and targeting capability of nanoparticle-based delivery system. Int J Pharm. 2018;552(1–2):328–339.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gao H, He Q. The interaction of nanoparticles with plasma proteins and the consequent influence on nanoparticles behavior. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2014;11(3):409–420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farshbaf M, Valizadeh H, Panahi Y, et al. The impact of protein corona on the biological behavior of targeting nanomedicines. Int J Pharm. 2022;614:121458.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang Y, Zhang H, Xiao W, et al. Unmasking CSF protein corona: effect on targeting capacity of nanoparticles. J Control Release. 2021;333:352–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang H, Wu T, Yu W, et al. Ligand size and conformation affect the behavior of nanoparticles coated with in vitro and in vivo protein corona. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2018;10(10):9094–9103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao W, Xiong J, Zhang S, et al. Influence of ligands property and particle size of gold nanoparticles on the protein adsorption and corresponding targeting ability. Int J Pharm. 2018;538(1–2):105–111.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ju Y, Dai Q, Cui J, et al. Improving targeting of metal-phenolic capsules by the presence of proteincoronas. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2016;8(35):22914–22922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu M, Tang Y, Chen J, et al. Lung-selective mRNA delivery of synthetic lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022;119(8). DOI:10.1073/pnas.2116271119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu X, Xu P, Ding HM, et al. Tailoring the component of protein corona via simple chemistry. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):4520.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yu L, Xu M, Xu W, et al. Enhanced cancer-targeted drug delivery using precoated nanoparticles. Nano Lett. 2020;20(12):8903–8911.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu R, Wang N, Jiang D, et al. Advances of nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for disease diagnosis and treatment. Chin Chem Lett. 2022. DOI:10.1016/j.cclet.2022.05.036.
   Google Scholar
• Chen S, Chen X, Geng Z, et al. The horizon of bone organoid: a perspective on construction and application. Bioact Mater. 2022;18:15–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janagama D, Hui SK. 3-D cell culture systems in bone marrow tissue and organoid engineering, and BMPhantoms as in vitro models of hematological cancer Therapeutics-A review. Materials (Basel). 2020;13(24):5609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee S, Mendoza TR, Burner DN, et al. Novel dormancy mechanism of castration resistance in bone metastatic prostate cancer organoids. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(6):3203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar