Pharmacogenomics in Asians: Differences and similarities with other human populations

References

• Somogy A. Evolution of pharmacogenomics. Proc West Pharmacol Soc. 2008;51:1–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weinshilboum R, Wang L. Pharmacogenomics: bench to bedside. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2004;3(9):739–748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chumnumwat S, Lu ZH, Sukasem C, et al. Southeast Asian Pharmacogenomics Research Network (SEAPharm): current Status and Perspectives. Switzerland: Public Health Genomics; 2019; 132–139.
   Google Scholar
• Runcharoen C, Fukunaga K, Sensorn I, et al. Prevalence of pharmacogenomic variants in 100 pharmacogenes among Southeast Asian populations under the collaboration of the Southeast Asian Pharmacogenomics Research Network (SEAPharm). human Genome variation. 2021;8(1):7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siamoglou S, Koromina M, Hishinuma E, et al. Identification and functional validation of novel pharmacogenomic variants using a next-generation sequencing-based approach for clinical pharmacogenomics. Pharmacol Res. 2022;176:106087.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wankaew N, Chariyavilaskul P, Chamnanphon M, et al. Genotypic and phenotypic landscapes of 51 pharmacogenes derived from whole-genome sequencing in a Thai population. PLoS One. 2022;17(2):e0263621.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sukasem C, Jantararoungtong T, Koomdee N. Pharmacogenomics research and its clinical implementation in Thailand: lessons learned from the resource-limited settings. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2021;39:100399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kloypan C, Koomdee N, Satapornpong P, et al. A comprehensive review of HLA and severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions: implication for clinical pharmacogenomics and precision medicine. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021;14:1077.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cecchin E, Roncato R, Guchelaar HJ, et al. Ubiquitous Pharmacogenomics (U-PGx): the time for implementation is now an horizon2020 program to drive pharmacogenomics into clinical practice. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2017;18:204–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blagec K, Koopmann R, Crommentuijn-van Rhenen M, et al. Implementing pharmacogenomics decision support across seven European countries: the Ubiquitous Pharmacogenomics (U-PGx) project. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2018;25:893–898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Wouden CH, Cambon-Thomsen A, Cecchin E, et al. Implementing pharmacogenomics in Europe: design and implementation strategy of the ubiquitous pharmacogenomics consortium. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2017;101:341–358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Picard N, Boyer J-C, M-C E-G, et al. Pharmacogenetics-based personalized therapy: levels of evidence and recommendations from the French Network of Pharmacogenetics (RNPGx). Therapie. 2017;72:185–192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon DY, Lee S, Ban MS, et al. Pharmacogenomic information from CPIC and DPWG guidelines and its application on drug labels. Transl Clin Pharmacol. 2020;28:189–198.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abdullah-Koolmees H, van Keulen AM, Nijenhuis M, et al. Pharmacogenetics guidelines: overview and comparison of the DPWG, CPIC, CPNDS, and RNPGx guidelines. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:595219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blagec K, Swen JJ, Koopmann R, et al. Pharmacogenomics decision support in the U-PGx project: results and advice from clinical implementation across seven European countries. PLoS One. 2022;17:e0268534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross CJD, Visscher H, Sistonen J, et al. The Canadian pharmacogenomics network for drug safety: a model for safety pharmacology. Thyroid. 2010;20:681–687. Available from: http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1089/thy.2010.1642
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong L, Whirl-Carrillo M, Klein TE. PharmGKB, an integrated resource of pharmacogenomic knowledge. Curr Protoc. 2021;1:e226.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sukasem C, Chantratita W. A success story in pharmacogenomics: genetic ID card for SJS/TEN. England: Pharmacogenomics; 2016. p. 455–458.
   Google Scholar
• Biswas M. Global distribution of CYP2C19 risk phenotypes affecting safety and effectiveness of medications. Pharmacogenomics J. 2021;21:190–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zanger UM, Cytochrome SM. P450 enzymes in drug metabolism: regulation of gene expression, enzyme activities, and impact of genetic variation. Pharmacol Ther. 2013;138:103–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tornio A, Backman JT. Cytochrome P450 in Pharmacogenetics: an Update. Adv Pharmacol. 2018;83:3–32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhou Y, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Lauschke VM. Worldwide distribution of cytochrome P450 alleles: a meta-analysis of population-scale sequencing projects. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2017;102:688–700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauschke VM, Ingelman-Sundberg M. The importance of patient-specific factors for hepatic drug response and toxicity. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17:1714.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eichelbaum M, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Evans WE. Pharmacogenomics and individualized drug therapy. Annu Rev Med. 2006;57:119–137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch T, Price A. The effect of cytochrome P450 metabolism on drug response, interactions, and adverse effects. Am Fam Physician. 2007;76:391–396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertz RJ, Granneman GR. Use of in vitro and in vivo data to estimate the likelihood of metabolic pharmacokinetic interactions. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1997;32:210–258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans WE, Relling MV. Pharmacogenomics: translating functional genomics into rational therapeutics. Science. 1999;286:487–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott SA, Sangkuhl K, Stein CM, et al. Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium guidelines for CYP2C19 genotype and clopidogrel therapy: 2013 update. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2013;94:317–323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hicks JK, Bishop JR, Sangkuhl K, et al. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guideline for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotypes and dosing of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2015;98:127–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hicks JK, Sangkuhl K, Swen JJ, et al. Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium guideline (CPIC) for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotypes and dosing of tricyclic antidepressants: 2016 update. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2017;102:37–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moriyama B, Obeng AO, Barbarino J, et al. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines for CYP2C19 and voriconazole therapy. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2017;102:45–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sukasem C, Tunthong R, Chamnanphon M, et al. CYP2C19 polymorphisms in the Thai population and the clinical response to clopidogrel in patients with atherothrombotic-risk factors. Pharmgenomics Pers Med. 2013;6:85–91.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Biswas M, Sukasem C, Khatun Kali MS, et al. Effects of the CYP2C19 LoF allele on major adverse cardiovascular events associated with clopidogrel in acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis. Pharmacogenomics. 2022;23:207–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biswas M, Kali SK. Association of CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles with major adverse cardiovascular events of clopidogrel in stable coronary artery disease patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2021;35:1147-1159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sukprasong R, Chuwongwattana S, Koomdee N, et al. Allele frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms of clinically important drug-metabolizing enzymes CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4 in a Thai population. Sci Rep. 2021;11:12343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jafrin S, Naznin NE, Reza MS, et al. Risk of stroke in CYP2C19 LoF polymorphism carrier coronary artery disease patients undergoing clopidogrel therapy: an ethnicity-based updated meta-analysis. Eur J Intern Med. 2021;90:49–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer T, Bouman HJ, Van Werkum JW, et al. Impact of CYP2C19 variant genotypes on clinical efficacy of antiplatelet treatment with clopidogrel: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2011;343:d4588.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holmes MV, Perel P, Shah T, et al. CYP2C19 genotype, clopidogrel metabolism, platelet function, and cardiovascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2011;306:2704–2714.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin B, Ni HC, Shen W, et al. Cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphism is associated with poor clinical outcomes in coronary artery disease patients treated with clopidogrel. Mol Biol Rep. 2011;38:1697–1702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh M, Shah T, Adigopula S, et al. CYP2C19*2/ABCB1-C3435T polymorphism and risk of cardiovascular events in coronary artery disease patients on clopidogrel: is clinical testing helpful? Indian Hear J. 2012;64:341–352.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sofi F, Giusti B, Marcucci R, et al. Cytochrome P450 2C19 2 polymorphism and cardiovascular recurrences in patients taking clopidogrel: a meta-analysis. Pharmacogenomics J. 2011;11:199–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamaguchi Y, Abe T, Sato Y, et al. Effects of VerifyNow P2Y12 test and CYP2C19*2 testing on clinical outcomes of patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Platelets. 2013;24:352–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zabalza M, Subirana I, Sala J, et al. Meta-analyses of the association between cytochrome CYP2C19 loss- and gain-of-function polymorphisms and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease treated with clopidogrel. Heart. 2012;98:100–108.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xi Z, Fang F, Wang J, et al. CYP2C19 genotype and adverse cardiovascular outcomes after stent implantation in clopidogrel-treated Asian populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Platelets. 2019;30:229–240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hulot JS, Collet JP, Silvain J, et al. Cardiovascular risk in clopidogrel-treated patients according to cytochrome P450 2C19*2 loss-of-function allele or proton pump inhibitor coadministration a systematic meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56:134–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang JS, Cho KI, Jin HY, et al. Meta-analysis of cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphism and risk of adverse clinical outcomes among coronary artery disease patients of different ethnic groups treated with clopidogrel. Am J Cardiol. 2012;110:502–508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu YP, Hao PP, Zhang MX, et al. Association of genetic variants in CYP2C19 and adverse clinical outcomes after treatment with clopidogrel: an updated meta-analysis. Thromb Res. 2011;128:593–594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mao L, Jian C, Changzhi L, et al. Cytochrome CYP2C19 polymorphism and risk of adverse clinical events in clopidogrel-treated patients: a meta-analysis based on 23,035 subjects. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2013;106:517–527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mega JL, Simon T, Collet JP, et al. Reduced-function CYP2C19 genotype and risk of adverse clinical outcomes among patients treated with clopidogrel predominantly for PCI: a meta-analysis. J Am Med Assoc. 2010;304:1821–1830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niu X, Mao L, Huang Y, et al. CYP2C19 polymorphism and clinical outcomes among patients of different races treated with clopidogrel: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technol - Med Sci. 2015;35:147–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorich MJ, Rowland A, McKinnon RA, et al. CYP2C19 genotype has a greater effect on adverse cardiovascular outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention and in Asian populations treated with clopidogrel: a meta-analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2014;7:895–902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan Y, Chen W, Xu Y, et al. Genetic polymorphisms and clopidogrel efficacy for acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Circulation. 2017;135:21–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biswas M, Rahaman S, Biswas TK, et al. Risk of major adverse cardiovascular events for concomitant use of clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors in patients inheriting CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles: meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pharm. 2021;43:1360–1369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee CR, Luzum JA, Sangkuhl K, et al. Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium guideline for CYP2C19 genotype and clopidogrel therapy: 2022 update. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2022;112:959-967.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chuwongwattana S, Jantararoungtong T, Prommas S, et al. Impact of CYP2C19, CYP3A4, ABCB1, and FMO3 genotypes on plasma voriconazole in Thai patients with invasive fungal infections. Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2020;8:e00665.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chuwongwattana S, Jantararoungtong T, Chitasombat MN, et al. A prospective observational study of CYP2C19 polymorphisms and voriconazole plasma level in adult Thai patients with invasive aspergillosis. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2016;31:117–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theken KN, Lee CR, Gong L, et al. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guideline (CPIC) for CYP2C9 and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2020;108:191–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson JA, Caudle KE, Gong L, et al. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guideline for pharmacogenetics-guided warfarin dosing: 2017 update. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2017;102:397–404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang F, Xiong X, Liu Y, et al. CYP2C9 and OATP1B1 genetic polymorphisms affect the metabolism and transport of glimepiride and gliclazide. Sci Rep. 2018;8:10994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caudle K, Rettie A, Whirl-Carillo M, et al. Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium guidelines for HLA-B genotype and abacavir dosing: 2014 update. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2014;95:499–500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang W-C, Hung S-I, Carleton BC, et al. An update on CYP2C9 polymorphisms and phenytoin metabolism: implications for adverse effects. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2020;16:723–734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorgensen AL, FitzGerald RJ, Oyee J, et al. Influence of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 on patient response to warfarin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2012;7:e44064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang J, Chen Y, Li X, et al. Influence of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes on the risk of hemorrhagic complications in warfarin-treated patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168:4234–4243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanderson S, Emery J, Higgins J. CYP2C9 gene variants, drug dose, and bleeding risk in warfarin-treated patients: a HuGEnet systematic review and meta-analysis. Genet Med. 2005;7:97–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franchini M, Mengoli C, Cruciani M, et al. Effects on bleeding complications of pharmacogenetic testing for initial dosing of vitamin K antagonists: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost. 2014;12:1480–1487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang F, Guo J, Efficacy ZA. Safety of genotype-guided warfarin dosing in the Chinese population: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2019;73:127–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tse G, Gong M, Li G, et al. Genotype-guided warfarin dosing vs. conventional dosing strategies: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;84:1868–1882.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stergiopoulos K, Brown DL. Genotype-guided vs clinical dosing of warfarin and its analogues: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174:1330–1338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• John S, Balakrishnan K, Sukasem C, et al. Association of HLA-B*51:01, HLA-B*55:01, CYP2C9*3, and phenytoin-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions in the South Indian Tamil Population. J Pers Med. 2021;11:737.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yampayon K, Sukasem C, Limwongse C, et al. Influence of genetic and non-genetic factors on phenytoin-induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2017;73:855–865.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su S-C, Chen C-B, Chang W-C, et al. HLA alleles and CYP2C9*3 as predictors of phenytoin hypersensitivity in East Asians. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2019;105:476–485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karnes JH, Rettie AE, Somogyi AA, et al. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guideline for CYP2C9 and HLA-B genotypes and phenytoin dosing: 2020 update. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2021;109:302–309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hongkaew Y, Wang WY, Gaedigk R, et al. Resolving discordant CYP2D6 genotyping results in Thai subjects: platform limitations and novel haplotypes. Pharmacogenomics. 2021;22:529–541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hongkaew Y, Gaedigk A, Wilffert B, et al. Relationship between CYP2D6 genotype, activity score and phenotype in a pediatric Thai population treated with risperidone. Sci Rep. 2021;11:4158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chamnanphon M, Gaedigk A, Vanwong N, et al. CYP2D6 genotype analysis of a Thai population: platform comparison. Pharmacogenomics. 2018;19:947–960.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puangpetch A, Vanwong N, Nuntamool N, et al. CYP2D6 polymorphisms and their influence on risperidone treatment. Pharmgenomics Pers Med. 2016;9:131–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crews KR, Gaedigk A, Dunnenberger HM, et al. Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium guidelines for cytochrome P450 2D6 genotype and codeine therapy: 2014 Update. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2014;95:376–382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaedigk A, Simon SD, Pearce RE, et al. The CYP2D6 activity score: translating genotype information into a qualitative measure of phenotype. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008;83:234–242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hertz DL, Snavely AC, McLeod HL, et al. In vivo assessment of the metabolic activity of CYP2D6 diplotypes and alleles. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2015;80:1122–1130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milosavljevic F, Bukvic N, Pavlovic Z, et al. Association of CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 poor and intermediate metabolizer status with antidepressant and antipsychotic exposure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA psychiatry. 2021;78:270–280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goetz MP, Sangkuhl K, Guchelaar H-J, et al. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guideline for CYP2D6 and Tamoxifen therapy. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2018;103:770–777.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crews KR, Monte AA, Huddart R, et al. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guideline for CYP2D6, OPRM1, and COMT genotypes and select opioid therapy. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2021;110:888–896.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell GC, Caudle KE, Whirl-Carrillo M, et al. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guideline for CYP2D6 genotype and use of ondansetron and tropisetron. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2017;102:213–218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meloche M, Khazaka M, Kassem I, et al. CYP2D6 polymorphism and its impact on the clinical response to metoprolol: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2020;86:1015–1033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaedigk A, Bradford LD, Alander SW, et al. CYP2D6*36 gene arrangements within the cyp2d6 locus: association of CYP2D6*36 with poor metabolizer status. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006;34:563–569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung J-A, Lim H-S. Association between CYP2D6 genotypes and the clinical outcomes of adjuvant tamoxifen for breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Pharmacogenomics. 2014;15:49–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen Q-H, Zhang Z, Cai W-K, et al. The Associations Between CYP2D6*10 C188T Polymorphism and Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Outcomes of Tramadol: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pain Med. 2020;21:3679–3690.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nuntamool N, Ngamsamut N, Vanwong N, et al. Pharmacogenomics and efficacy of risperidone long-term treatment in Thai autistic children and adolescents. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2017;121:316–324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hongkaew Y, Gaedigk A, Wilffert B, et al. Pharmacogenomics factors influencing the effect of risperidone on prolactin levels in Thai pediatric patients with autism spectrum disorder. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:743494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sukasem C, Chaichan C, Nakkrut T, et al. Association between HLA-B alleles and carbamazepine-induced maculopapular exanthema and severe cutaneous reactions in Thai patients. J Immunol Res. 2018;2018:2780272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srisawasdi P, Vanwong N, Hongkaew Y, et al. Impact of risperidone on leptin and insulin in children and adolescents with autistic spectrum disorders. Clin Biochem. 2017;50:678–685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sukasem C, Hongkaew Y, Ngamsamut N, et al. Impact of pharmacogenetic markers of CYP2D6 and DRD2 on prolactin response in risperidone-treated Thai children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2016;36:141–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chamnanphon M, Pechatanan K, Sirachainan E, et al. Association of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms and disease-free survival of Thai post-menopausal breast cancer patients who received adjuvant tamoxifen. Pharmgenomics Pers Med. 2013;6:37–48.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sirachainan E, Jaruhathai S, Trachu N, et al. CYP2D6 polymorphisms influence the efficacy of adjuvant tamoxifen in Thai breast cancer patients. Pharmgenomics Pers Med. 2012;5:149–153.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vanwong N, Ngamsamut N, Medhasi S, et al. Impact of CYP2D6 polymorphism on steady-state plasma levels of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone in Thai children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2017;27:185–191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sukasem C, Sirachainan E, Chamnanphon M, et al. Impact of CYP2D6 polymorphisms on tamoxifen responses of women with breast cancer: a microarray-based study in Thailand. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13:4549–4553.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Birdwell KA, Decker B, Barbarino JM, et al. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines for CYP3A5 genotype and tacrolimus dosing. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2015;98:19–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y-Q, Wang C-H, Zhang J-H. Association between CYP3A5 polymorphisms and the risk of adverse events in patients undergoing clopidogrel therapy: meta-analysis. Thromb Res. 2016;147:1–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan M, Fan X, Si H, et al. Association between gene polymorphism and adverse effects in cancer patients receiving docetaxel treatment: a meta-analysis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2022;89:173–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saiz-Rodríguez M, Almenara S, Navares-Gómez M, et al. Effect of the most relevant CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetic parameters of 10 CYP3A substrates. Biomedicines. 2020;8:94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rojas L, Neumann I, Herrero MJ, et al. Effect of CYP3A5*3 on kidney transplant recipients treated with tacrolimus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Pharmacogenomics J. 2015;15:38–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zong Y-P, Wang Z-J, Zhou W-L, et al. Effects of CYP3A5 polymorphisms on tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in pediatric kidney transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. World J Pediatr. 2017;13:421–426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 1000 Genomes Database [Internet]. https://www.1000Genomes.Org/. 2020 [cited 2020 Apr 13].
   Google Scholar
• Yang Y, Zhou M, Hu M, et al. UGT1A1*6 and UGT1A1*28 polymorphisms are correlated with irinotecan-induced toxicity: a meta-analysis. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol. 2018;14:e479–e489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atasilp C, Biswas M, Jinda P, et al. Association of UGT1A1*6, UGT1A1*28, or ABCC2 c.3972C>T genetic polymorphisms with irinotecan-induced toxicity in Asian cancer patients: meta-analysis. Clin Transl Sci. 2022;15:1613-1633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu X, Ma R, Ma X, et al. Association of UGT1A1*6 polymorphism with irinotecan-based chemotherapy reaction in colorectal cancer patients: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Biosci Rep. 2020;40:BSR20200576.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Yin J-F, Zhang J, et al. UGT1A1*6 polymorphisms are correlated with irinotecan-induced neutropenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2017;80:135–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han F, Guo C, Yu D, et al. Associations between UGT1A1*6 or UGT1A1*6/*28 polymorphisms and irinotecan-induced neutropenia in Asian cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2014;73:779–788.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y-J, Hu F, Li C-Y, et al. The association of UGT1A1*6 and UGT1A1*28 with irinotecan-induced neutropenia in Asians: a meta-analysis. Biomarkers Biochem Indic Expo Response, Susceptibility to Chem. 2014;19:56–62.
   Google Scholar
• Chen X, Liu L, Guo Z, et al. UGT1A1 polymorphisms with irinotecan-induced toxicities and treatment outcome in Asians with Lung Cancer: a meta-analysis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2017;79:1109–1117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X, Cheng D, Kuang Q, et al. Association of UGT1A1*28 polymorphisms with irinotecan-induced toxicities in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis in Caucasians. Pharmacogenomics J. 2014;14:120–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du P, Wang A, Ma Y, et al. Association between the UGT1A1*28 allele and hyperbilirubinemia in HIV-positive patients receiving atazanavir: a meta-analysis. Biosci Rep. 2019;39:BSR20182105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khera S, Trehan A, Bhatia P, et al. Prevalence of TPMT, ITPA and NUDT 15 genetic polymorphisms and their relation to 6MP toxicity in north Indian children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2019;83:341–348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jantararoungtong T, Wiwattanakul S, Tiyasirichokchai R, et al. TPMT*3C as a predictor of 6-mercaptopurine-induced myelotoxicity in Thai children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Pers Med. 2021;11:783.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puangpetch A, Tiyasirichokchai R, Pakakasama S, et al. NUDT15 genetic variants are related to thiopurine-induced neutropenia in Thai children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pharmacogenomics. 2020;21:403–410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chadli Z, Kerkeni E, Hannachi I, et al. Distribution of genetic polymorphisms of genes implicated in thiopurine drugs metabolism. Ther Drug Monit. 2018;40:655–659.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang B, Kim TJ, Choi J, et al. Adjustment of azathioprine dose should be based on a lower 6-TGN target level to avoid leucopenia in NUDT15 intermediate metabolisers. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020;52:459–470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biswas M, Rahaman S, Biswas TK, et al. Effects of the ABCB1 C3435T single nucleotide polymorphism on major adverse cardiovascular events in acute coronary syndrome or coronary artery disease patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and treated with clopidogrel: a systematic revie. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2020;19:1605–1616.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biswas M. Predictive association of ABCB1 C3435T genetic polymorphism with the efficacy or safety of lopinavir and ritonavir in COVID-19 patients. Pharmacogenomics. 2021;22:375–381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su J, Xu J, Li X, et al. ABCB1 C3435T polymorphism and response to clopidogrel treatment in Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) patients: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2012;7:e46366.
   Google Scholar
• Chouchi M, Kaabachi W, Klaa H, et al. Relationship between ABCB1 3435TT genotype and antiepileptic drugs resistance in Epilepsy: updated systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Neurol. 2017;17:32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee YH, Bae S-C, Song GG. Association of the ABCB1 C3435T polymorphism with responsiveness to and toxicity of DMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis : a meta-analysis. Z Rheumatol. 2016;75:707–715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam Francis YW. Challenges and opportunities in therapeutic implementation. In: Pharmacogenomics. Second (Amazon) ed. 2019; 1–53.
   Google Scholar
• Pasanen MK, Neuvonen PJ, Niemi M. Global analysis of genetic variation in SLCO1B1. Pharmacogenomics. 2008;9:19–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalliokoski A, Niemi M. Impact of OATP transporters on pharmacokinetics. Br J Pharmacol. 2009;158:693–705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Na Nakorn C, Waisayarat J, Dejthevaporn C, et al. Genetic variations and frequencies of the two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms of SLCO1B1 in the Thai population. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:728.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turongkaravee S, Jittikoon J, Lukkunaprasit T, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of genotype-based and individualized data analysis of SLCO1B1 gene and statin-induced myopathy. Pharmacogenomics J. 2021;21:296–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim ES, Kwon BS, Park JS, et al. Relationship among genetic polymorphism of SLCO1B1, rifampicin exposure and clinical outcomes in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2021;87:3492–3500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundbaum JK, Baecklund E, Eriksson N, et al. MTHFR, TYMS and SLCO1B1 polymorphisms and adverse liver effects of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacogenomics. 2020;21:337–346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ni W, Ji J, Dai Z, et al. Flavopiridol pharmacogenetics: clinical and functional evidence for the role of SLCO1B1/OATP1B1 in flavopiridol disposition. PLoS One. 2010;5:e13792.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun Q, Liu H-P, Zheng R-J, et al. Genetic polymorphisms of SLCO1B1, CYP2E1 and UGT1A1 and susceptibility to anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity: a Chinese population-based prospective case-control study. Clin Drug Investig. 2017;37:1125–1136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen W, Zhang X, Zhang W, et al. Polymorphisms of SLCO1B1 rs4149056 and SLC22A1 rs2282143 are associated with responsiveness to Acitretin in psoriasis patients. Sci Rep. 2018;8:13182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treenert A, Areepium N, Tanasanvimon S. Effects of ABCC2 and SLCO1B1 polymorphisms on treatment responses in Thai metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with irinotecan-based chemotherapy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2018;19:2757–2764.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhou Y, Krebs K, Milani L, et al. Global frequencies of clinically important HLA alleles and their implications for the cost-effectiveness of preemptive pharmacogenetic testing. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2021;109:160–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biswas M, Ershadian M, Shobana J, et al. Associations of HLA genetic variants with carbamazepine-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions: an updated meta-analysis. Clin Transl Sci. 2022;15:1887-1905.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roden DM, Altman RB, Benowitz NL, et al. Pharmacogenomics: challenges and opportunities. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:749–757.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang W-C, Tanoshima R, Ross CJD, et al. Challenges and opportunities in implementing pharmacogenetic testing in clinical settings. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2021;61:65–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bienfait K, Chhibber A, Marshall J-C, et al. Current challenges and opportunities for pharmacogenomics: perspective of the Industry Pharmacogenomics Working Group (I-PWG). Hum Genet. 2021;141:1165-1173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishop JR, Huang RS, Brown JT, et al. Pharmacogenomics education, research and clinical implementation in the state of Minnesota. Pharmacogenomics. 2021;22:681–691.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar