Doing femininities and masculinities in a ‘feminized’ sporting arena: the case of mixed-sex cheerleadingFootnote

Submission to the special issue on ‘Sex integration in sport and physical culture’ for Sport in Society: Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics.

References

• Adams, A. 2011. “Josh Wears Pink Cleats: Inclusive Masculinity on the Soccer Field.” Journal of Homosexuality 58 (5): 579–596.10.1080/00918369.2011.563654
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams, L. 2005. “Death to the Prancing Prince: Effeminacy.” Sport Discourses, and the Salvation of Men’s Dancing’, Body and Society 11: 63–86.
   Google Scholar
• Adams, N., and P. Bettis. 2003. “Commanding the Room in Short Skirts Cheering as the Embodiment of Ideal Girlhood.” Gender & Society 17 (1): 73–91.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams, N. G., and P. J. Bettis. 2005. Cheerleader! an American Icon. New York, NY: Palgrave/Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, E. 2009 Inclusive Masculinity: The Changing Nature of Masculinities. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, E. 2008. “I Used to Think Women Were Weak: Orthodox Masculinity, Gender Segregation, and Sport.” Sociological Forum 23 (2): 257–280.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, E. 2005a. In the Game: Gay Athletes and the Cult of Masculinity. New York, NY: State University of New York Press.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, E. 2005b. “Orthodox and Inclusive Masculinity: Competing Masculinities among Heterosexual Men in a Feminized Terrain.” Sociological Perspectives 48: 337–355.10.1525/sop.2005.48.issue-3
   Google Scholar
• Barkham, P. 2010. “Why Cheerleading is Booming in Britain’s Schools.” The Guardian. October 6. http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2010/oct/06/cheerleading-is-boomingin-schools
   Google Scholar
• Bemiller, M. 2005. “Men Who Cheer.” Sociological Focus 38 (3): 205–222.10.1080/00380237.2005.10571266
   Google Scholar
• Bettis, P., and N. Adams. 2006. “Short Skirts and Breast Juts: Cheerleading, Eroticism and Schools.” Sex Education 6 (2): 121–133.10.1080/14681810600578800
   Google Scholar
• Cahn, S. 1994. Coming on Strong: Gender and Sexuality in Twentieth-century Women’s Sport. London: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Caudwell, J. 2003. “Sporting Gender: Women’s Footballing Bodies as Sites⁄Sights for the (Re)Articulation of Sex, Gender, and Desire.” Sociology of Sport Journal 20 (4): 371–386.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Channon, A. 2013. “Enter the Discourse: Exploring the Discursive Roots of Inclusivity in Mixed-sex Martial Arts.” Sport in Society 16 (10): 1293–1308.10.1080/17430437.2013.790896
   Google Scholar
• Chimot, C., and C. Louveau. 2010. “Becoming a Man While Playing a Female Sport: The Construction of Masculine Identity in Boys Doing Rhythmic Gymnastics.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport 45 (4): 436–456.10.1177/1012690210373844
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, P. 2000. Femininity and the Physically Active Woman. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Clough, P. 2002. Narratives and Fictions in Educational Research. Buckingham: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Connell, R. 1995. Masculinities. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Crossett, T. 1990. “Masculinity, Sexuality, and the Development of Early Modern Sport.” In Sport, Men, and the Gender Order: Critical Feminist Perspectives, edited by Michael A. Messner and Donald F. Sabo, 45–54. Champaign, 111: Human Kinetics Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Dunning, E. 1994. “Sport as a Male Preserve: Notes on the Social Sources of Masculine Identity and Its Transformations.” In Women, Sport and Culture, edited by S. Birrell and C. Cole, 163–179. Human Kinetics: Leeds.
   Google Scholar
• Dworkin, S., and M. Messner. 2002. “Just Do What…? Sport, Bodies and Gender.” In Gender and Sport: A Reader, edited by S. Scraton and A. Flintoff, 17–29. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Francis, L. 1993. “Title IX: Equality for Women’s Sports?” Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 20 (1): 32–47.10.1080/00948705.1993.9714502
   Google Scholar
• Gee, J. 2008. Ideology in Discourses. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Gorely, T., R. Holroyd, and D. Kirk. 2003. “Muscularity, the Habitus and the Social Construction of Gender: Towards a Gender-Relevant Physical Education.” British Journal of Sociology of Education 24: 429–448.10.1080/01425690301923
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grindstaff, L., and E. West. 2010. “Hands on Hips, Smiles on Lips! Gender, Race, and the Performance of Spirit in Cheerleading.” Text and Performance Quarterly 30 (2): 143–162.10.1080/10462931003628910
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hargreaves, J. 1994. Sport Females: Critical Issues in the History and Sociology of Women’s Sports. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Jarvis, N. 2013. “The Inclusive Masculinities of Heterosexual Men within UK Gay Sport Clubs.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport. 1–18.
   Google Scholar
• Lamb, P., and E. Priyadharshini. 2013. “The Conundrum of C/Cheerleading.” Sport, Education and Society 20 (7): 889–907. doi:10.1080/13573322.2013.852080.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matteo, S. 1986. “The Effect of Sex and Gender-Schematic Processing on Sport Participation.” Sex Roles 15 (7-8): 417–432.10.1007/BF00287981
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonagh, E., and L. Pappano. 2008. Playing with the Boys: Why Separate is Not Equal in Sports. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Messner, M. 2002. Taking the Field: Women, Men and Sports. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Messner, M. 1988. “Sports and Male Domination: The Female Athlete as Contested Ideological Terrain.” Sociology of Sport Journal 5: 197–211.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, Shane Aaron 2010. “Making the Boys Cry: The Performative Dimensions of Fluid Gender.” Text and Performance Quarterly 30 (2): 163–182.10.1080/10462931003658099
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moritz, A. 2011. “Cheerleading: Not Just for the Sidelines Anymore.” Sport in Society 14 (5): 660–669.10.1080/17430437.2011.575109
   Google Scholar
• Paechter, C. 2006. “Masculine Femininities/Feminine Masculinities: Power, Identities and Gender.” Gender and Education 18 (3): 253–263.10.1080/09540250600667785
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sailors, P. 2014. “Mixed Competition and Mixed Messages.” Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 41 (1): 65–77.10.1080/00948705.2013.858398
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, B., and A. Sparkes. 2009. “Narrative Inquiry in Sport and Exercise Psychology: What Can It Mean, and Why Might We Do It?” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 10 (1): 1–11.10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.01.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tagg, B. 2008. “Imagine, a Man Playing Netball!: Masculinities and Sport in New Zealand.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport 43 (4): 409–430.10.1177/1012690208099875
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theberge, N. 1989. “Women’s Athletics and the Myth of Female Frailty.” In Women: A Feminist Perspective, edited by J. Freeman, 507–522. Palo Alto, CA: Mayfield.
   Google Scholar