2,389
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Women’s Soccer in the United States

Fan culture and motivation in the context of successful women’s professional team sports: a mixed-methods case study of Portland Thorns fandom

&

References

  • Allison, Rachel. 2016. “‘Business or Cause? Gendered Institutional Logics in Women’s Professional Soccer’.” Journal of Sport & Social Issues 40 (3): 237–262. doi:10.1177/0193723515615349.
  • Berkowitz, Susan. 1997. “Analyzing Qualitative Data.” In User-friendly Handbook for Mixed Method Evaluations, edited by J. Frechtling, L. Sharp, and Westat. Arlington, VA: Division of Research, Evaluation and Communication, National Science Foundation. https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/1997/nsf97153/chap_4.htm.
  • Braun, Virginia, and Victoria Clarke. 2006. “Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (2): 77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
  • Cooky, Cheryl, Michael A. Messner, and Robin H. Hextrum. 2013. “Women Play Sport, but Not on TV: A Longitudinal Study of Televised News Media.” Communication & Sport 1 (3): 203–230. doi:10.1177/2167479513476947.
  • Denzin, Norman K., and Yvonna S. Lincoln. 2011. The Sage handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Dolance, Susannah. 2005. ““A Whole Stadium Full”: Lesbian Community at Women’s National Basketball Association Games.” Journal of Sex Research 42 (1): 74–83. doi:10.1080/00224490509552259.10.1080/00224490509552259
  • Dundas, Zach. 2015. “Are Portland Thorns the First ‘Real Club’ in Women’s Football?” The Guardian, April 10. https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2015/apr/10/are-portland-thorns-the-first-real-club-in-womens-football
  • Esmonde, Katelyn, Cheryl Cooky, and David L. Andrews. 2015. ““It’s Supposed to be About the Love of the Game, not the Love of Aaron Rodgers’ Eyes”: Challenging the Exclusions of Women’s Sports Fans’.” Sociology of Sport Journal 32 (1): 22–48. doi:10.1123/ssj.2014-0072.
  • Funk, Daniel C., and Jeff James. 2001. “The Psychological Continuum Model: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding an Individual’s Psychological Connection to Sport.” Sport Management Review 4 (2): 119–150. doi:10.1016/S1441-3523(01)70072-1.10.1016/S1441-3523(01)70072-1
  • Funk, Daniel C., Daniel F. Mahony, and Lynn L. Ridinger. 2002. “Characterizing Consumer Motivation as Individual Difference Factors: Augmenting the Sport Interest Inventory (SII) to Explain Level of Spectator Support.” Sport Marketing Quarterly 11 (1): 33–43.
  • Funk, Daniel C., Lynn L. Ridinger, and Anita M. Moorman. 2003. “Understanding Consumer Support: Extending the Sport Interest Inventory (SII) to Examine Individual Differences Among Women’s Professional Sport Consumers.” Sport Management Review 6 (1): 1–31. doi:10.1016/S1441-3523(03)70051-5.10.1016/S1441-3523(03)70051-5
  • Funk, Daniel C., Lynn L. Ridinger, and Anita M. Moorman. 2004. “Exploring Origins of Involvement: Understanding the Relationship between Consumer Motives and Involvement with Professional Sport Teams.” Leisure Sciences 26 (1): 35–61. doi:10.1080/01490400490272440.
  • Giulianotti, Richard. 2002. “Supporters, Followers, Fans, and Flaneurs: A Taxonomy of Spectator Identities in Football.” Journal of Sport & Social Issues 26 (1): 25–46. doi:10.1177/0193723502261003.
  • Jacobson, B. 2003. “The Social Psychology of the Creation of a Sports Fan Identity: A Theoretical Review of the Literature.” Athletic Insight: The Online Journal of Sport Psychology 5 (2). https://www.athleticinsight.com/Vol5Iss2/FanPDF.pdf.
  • James, Jeffrey D., and Lynn L. Ridinger. 2002. “Female and Male Sport Fans: A Comparison of Sport Consumption Motives.” Journal of Sport Behavior 25 (3): 260–278.
  • Joffe, Helene. 2012. “Thematic Analysis.” In Qualitative Research Methods in Mental Health and Psychotherapy: A Guide for Students and Practitioners, edited by D. Harper and A. Thompson, 209–223. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Lincoln, Yvonna S., and Egon G. Guba. 1985. Naturalistic Inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Markovits, Andrei S., and Steven L. Hellerman. 2001. Offside: Soccer and American Exceptionalism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.10.1515/9781400824182
  • Markovits, Andrei S., and Steven L. Hellerman. 2003. “Women’s Soccer in the United States: Yet Another American ‘exceptionalism’.” Soccer and Society 4 (2–3): 14–29. doi:10.1080/14660970512331390805.
  • Miller, Paul K., and Adam Benkwitz. 2016. “Where the Action is: Towards a Discursive Psychology of ‘Authentic’ Identity in Soccer Fandom.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 23: 40–50. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.11.002.
  • Morris, Benjamin. 2015. “Why is the U.S. So Good at Women’s Soccer?” FiveThirtyEight.Com, June 30. https://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/why-is-the-u-s-so-good-at-womens-soccer/.
  • Muller, Tiffany. 2007. “‘‘Lesbian Community’ in Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA) Spaces’.” Social & Cultural Geography 8 (1): 9–28. doi:10.1080/14649360701251502.
  • Murray, Caitlin. 2016. “Women’s Soccer: Why Building a Fanbase is a Complicated Puzzle for Clubs.” The Guardian, April 4. https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/apr/04/womens-soccer-us-fanbase-puzzle.
  • Myrdahl, Tiffany Muller. 2010. “Producing Gender-Normative Spaces in US Women’s Professional Soccer.” In Stadium Worlds: Football, Space and the Built Environment, edited by Sybille Frank and Silke Steets, 195–212. London: Routledge.
  • Myrdahl, Tiffany Muller. 2011. “Lesbian Visibility and the Politics of Covering in Women’s Basketball Game Spaces.” Leisure Studies 30 (2): 139–156. doi:10.1080/02614367.2010.513714.
  • Oxenham, Gwendolyn. 2015. “By Any Other Name: Thorns FC’s Well Established Place in Soccer City, USA.” Howler / PortlandThornsFC.Com, August 27. https://www.timbers.com/post/2015/08/27/howler-x-thorns-fc-any-other-name-thorns-fcs-well-established-place-soccer-city-usa.
  • Pavlidis, Adele. 2012. “From Riot Grrrls to Roller Derby? Exploring the Relations between Gender, Music and Sport.” Leisure Studies 31 (2): 165–176. doi:10.1080/02614367.2011.623304.
  • Pistrang, Nancy, and Chris Barker. 2012. “Varieties of Qualitative Research: A Pragmatic Approach to Selecting Methods.” In APA Handbook of Research Methods in Psychology: Vol. 2 Research Designs, edited by H. Cooper, 5–18. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Porat, Amir Ben. 2010. “Football Fandom: A Bounded Identification.” Soccer & Society 11 (3): 277–290. doi:10.1080/14660971003619594.
  • Schimmel, Kimberly S., C. Lee Harrington, and Denise D. Bielby. 2007. “‘Keep Your Fans to Yourself: The Disjuncture between Sport Studies’ and Pop Culture Studies’ Perspectives on Fandom’.” Sport in Society 10 (4): 580–600. doi:10.1080/17430430701388764.
  • Strauss, Anselm, and Juliet Corbin. 1998. Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Sveinson, Katherine, and Larena Hoeber. 2015. “‘Overlooking the Obvious: An Exploration of What It Means to Be a Sport Fan from a Female Perspective’.” Leisure Studies 34 (4): 405–419. doi:10.1080/02614367.2014.923496.
  • Wann, Daniel L. 1995. “Preliminary Validation of the Sport Fan Motivation Scale.” Journal of Sport & Social Issues 19 (4): 377–396. doi:10.1177/019372395019004004.10.1177/019372395019004004
  • Wann, Daniel L. 2006. “‘Understanding the Positive Social Psychological Benefits of Sport Team Identification: The Team Identification-Social Psychological Health Model’.” Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice 10 (4): 272–296. doi:10.1037/1089-2699.10.4.272.
  • Wann, Daniel L., and Nyla R. Branscombe. 1993. “Sports Fans: Measuring Degree of Identification with Their Team.” International Journal of Sport Psychology 24 (1): 1–17.
  • Wann, Daniel L., Merrill J. Melnick, Gordon W. Russell, and Dale G. Pease. 2001. Sport Fans: The Psychology and Social Impact of Spectators. New York: Routledge.
  • Wann, Daniel L., Michael Schrader, and Anthony Wilson. 1999. “Sport Fan Motivation: Questionnaire Validation, Comparisons by Sport, and Relationship to Athletic Motivation.” Journal of Sport Behavior 22 (1): 114–139.
  • Wann, Daniel L., Paula J. Waddill, Josh Polk, and Stephen Weaver. 2011. “The Team Identification–Social Psychological Health Model: Sport Fans Gaining Connections to Others via Sport Team Identification.” Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice 15 (1): 75–89. doi:10.1037/a002078075.
  • Wearing, Betsy. 1998. Leisure and Feminist Theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.10.4135/9781446278970

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.