A ‘token gesture’ in World Athletics governance? The IAAF Women’s Committee under Ilse Bechthold, 1990–2005

References

• Bechthold, I. 1988. “Overview: Women’s Athletic and the Work of the IAAF Women’s Committee.” IAAF New Studies in Athletics 3: 7–14.
   Google Scholar
• Bechthold, I. 1993. Letter to Primo Nebiolo, 6 April 1993, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• Bechthold, I. 1994. Letter to Primo Nebiolo, 30 June 1994, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• Bechthold, I. 1997. Letter to Primo Nebiolo, 14 July 1997, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• Bechthold, I. 1999. Fax to Abby Hoffman, 16 November 1999, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• Bechthold, I. 2000a. Letter to Lamine Diack, 7 December 2000, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• Bechthold, I. 2000b. Notes from Informal Discussions in Sydney,” 20 November 2000, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• Bechthold, I. 2001. Letter to Lamine Diack, April 2001, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• Bechthold, I. 2002a. Email to Abby Hoffman, 31 January 2002, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• Bechthold, I. 2002b. Fax, 11 September 2002, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• Bechthold, I. 2002c. Letter to Lamine Diack, 1 May 2002, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• Bechthold, I. 2007. Fax “Activity Report 2006 to IOC ‘Women & Sport Commission’”, 15 February 2007, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• Bechthold, I. n.d. Handwritten Notes “the Structure and Function of a Women’s Committee, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• Cahn, S. K. 2015. Coming on Strong: Gender and Sexuality in Women’s Sport. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chappell, L. 2011. “Nested Newness and Institutional Innovation: Expanding Gender Justice in the International Criminal Court.” In Gender, Politics and Institutions: Towards a Feminist Institutionalism, edited by M.L. Krook and Fiona Mackay, 1–20. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Gyulai, I. 2002a. Letter to Ilse Bechthold, 6 February 2002, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• Gyulai, I. 2002b. Letter to Ilse Bechthold, 5 August 2002, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, M. A., D. Cullen, and Trevor. Slack. 1989. “Organizational Elites Recreating Themselves: The Gender Structure of National Sport Organizations.” Quest 41 (1): 28–45. doi:10.1080/00336297.1989.10483906.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath, R. M., L. A. Schwindt-Bayer, and M. M. Taylor-Robinson. 2005. “Women on the Sidelines: Women’s Representation on Committees in Latin American Legislatures.” American Journal of Political Science 49 (2): 420–436. doi:10.2307/3647686.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry, I. E. Rich, W. M. Radzi, E. Theodoraki, and A. White. 2004. Women, Leadership and the Olympic Movement: Final Report. Lausanne and Loughborough: International Olympic Committee and Institute of Sport and Leisure Policy, Loughborough University.
   Google Scholar
• Houghton, E. J. L. P. Pieper, and M. M. Smith. 2017. Women in the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games: An Analysis of Participation, Leadership, and Media Coverage. East Meadow: Women’s Sport Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF. 1946. Minutes of the Meeting of the IAAF Congress 1946, 21 and 26 August 1946, archive collection “IAAF Congress Files”. Monaco: IAAF Archive.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF. 1956. Minutes of the Meeting of the IAAF Congress 1956, 22 November and 3–4 December 1956, archive collection “IAAF Congress Files”. Monaco: IAAF Archive.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF. 1976. Minutes of the Meeting of the IAAF Congress 1976, 20–22 July 1976, archive collection “IAAF Congress Files”. Monaco: IAAF Archive, 40.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF. 1989. Extract of Minutes of the Meeting of the IAAF Council, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF. 1991. Minutes of the Meeting of the IAAF Congress 1991, 20 and 21 August 1991, archive collection “IAAF Congress Files”. Monaco: IAAF Archive.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF. 1994. Extract of Minutes of the Meeting of the IAAF Council, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF. 1995. Minutes of the Meeting of the IAAF Congress 1995, 1–3 August 1995, archive collection “IAAF Congress Files”. Monaco: IAAF Archive.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF. 1999. Minutes of the Meeting of the IAAF Congress 1995, 17–19 August 1999, archive collection “IAAF Congress Files”. Monaco: IAAF Archive.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF. 2005. Minutes of the Meeting of the IAAF Congress 2005, 25 August–2 September 2005, archive collection “IAAF Congress Files. Monaco: IAAF Archive.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF Women’s Committee. 1958. Minutes of the Meeting of the IAAF Women’s Commission, 16 August 1958, archive collection “IAAF Women’s Commission 1948–1976”. Monaco: IAAF Archive.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF Women’s Committee. 1989. The IAAF 15km Championship Race for Women. The Position of the IAAF Womeen’s Committee,” collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF Women’s Committee. 1990. Minutes of the Meeting of the IAAF Women’s Commission, 11 and 12 October 1990, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF Women’s Committee. 1991. An IAAF Strategy for the Development of Athletics for Women. Draft Outline,” collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF Women’s Committee. 1994a. Minutes of the Meeting of the IAAF Women’s Commission, 21 January 1994, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF Women’s Committee. 1994b. Report to the IAAF Council, 11–12 June 1994,” collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF Women’s Committee. 1994c. Report to the IAAF Development Commission, 29 November 1994,” collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF Women’s Committee. 1995a. Report to the IAAF Council”, Collection “Ilse Bechthold. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF Women’s Committee 1995b. Report to the XXXth IAAF Congress Göteborg 1995, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF Women’s Committee. 1996. Minutes of the Meeting of the IAAF Women’s Commission, 14 December 1996, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF Women’s Committee. 1997. Minutes of the Meeting of the IAAF Women’s Commission, 2 November 1997, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF Women’s Committee. 1998. Minutes of the Meeting of the IAAF Women’s Commission, 30 October 1998, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF Women’s Committee. 1999a. Minutes of the Meeting of the IAAF Women’s Commission, 15 October 1999, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF Women’s Committee 1999b. Report to the IAAF Council, 18 and 19 November 1999,” collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF Women’s Committee. 2000a. Minutes of the Meeting of the IAAF Women’s Commission, 25 November 2000, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF Women’s Committee. 2000b. Report to the IAAF Council, 27–29 November 2000, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF Women’s Committee. 2001a. IAAF Women’s Committee Meeting 2001 – South America Area Report, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF Women’s Committee. 2001b. Minutes of the Meeting of the IAAF Women’s Commission, 24 and 25 November 2001, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF Women’s Committee. 2002. Minutes of the Meeting of the IAAF Women’s Commission, 15 September 2002, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF Women’s Committee. 2003. Report of the IAAF Women’s Committee.” Monaco: IAAF Archive.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF Women’s Committee. 2004. Report to the IAAF Council, 27–28 March 2004, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF Women’s Committee. 2005a. Report to the IAAF Council, 12 and 13 November 2005, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF Women’s Committee. 2005b. Report to the 45th IAAF Congress – Helsinki, 2005.” Monaco: IAAF Archive.
   Google Scholar
• IAAF Women’s Committee. 2007. Report to the 46th IAAF Congress – Osaka, 2007.” Monaco: IAAF Archive.
   Google Scholar
• IAF. 2017. “Summary of the Foundation Projects since 1986,” WorldAthletics.org. Accessed 31 March 2021. https://www.worldathletics.org/download/download?filename=430f0c91-28a5-4205-96ae-3271900cd1ee.pdf&urlSlug=summary-of-iaf-projects-since-1986.
   Google Scholar
• IOC. 2000. “IOC World Conference on Women and Sport”, Olympic.org. Accessed 31 March 2021. https://stillmed.olympic.org/media/Document%20Library/OlympicOrg/Documents/Conferences-Forums-and-Events/Conferences/IOC-World-Conferences-on-Women-and-Sport/2nd-IOC-World-Conference-on-Women-and-Sport-Final-Resolution-Paris-2000.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• IOC. 2004. “Women and Sport Progress Report”, Olympic.org. Accessed 31 March 2022. https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Conferences_Forums_and_Events/Women_and_Sport/Progress_report_2000-2004-final-eng-2004-03-03.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kerevel, Y. P., and L. R. Atkeson. 2013. “Explaining the Marginalization of Women in Legislative Institutions.” The Journal of Politics 75 (4): 980–992. doi:10.1017/S0022381613000960.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krech, M. 2020. “Towards Equal Rights in the Global Game? FIFA’s Strategy for Women’s Football as a Tightly Bounded Institutional Innovation.” Tilburg Law Review 25 (1): 12–26. doi:10.5334/tilr.190.
   Google Scholar
• Krieger, J. 2021. Power and Politics in World Athletics. A Critical History. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Krieger, J., and A. Duckworth. 2021. “Vodka and Caviar among Friends’ – Lord David Burghley and the Soviet Union’s Entry into the International Association of Athletic Federations.” Sport in History 41 (2): 260–279. doi:10.1080/17460263.2020.1768887.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krieger, J., M. Krech, and L. Pieper. 2020. “Our Sport’: The Fight for Control of Women’s International Athletics.” The International Journal of the History of Sport 37 (5–6): 451–472. doi:10.1080/09523367.2020.1754201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krook, M. L, and F. Mackay. 2011. “Introduction: Gender, Politics, and Institutions.” In Gender, Politics and Institutions: Towards a Feminist Institutionalism, edited by M.L. Krook and Fiona Mackay, 1–20. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Lapchick, R. E. Davison, C. Grant, and R. Quirarte. 2016. Gender Report Card: 2016 International Sports Report Card on Women in Leadership Roles. Orlando: The Institute for Diversity and Ethics in Sport, University of Central Florida College of Business.
   Google Scholar
• Loy, J. W., F. McLachlan, and D. Booth. 2009. “Connotations of Female Movement and Meaning: The Development of Women’s Participation in the Olympic Games.” Olympika: The International Journal of Olympic Studies 18: 1–24.
   Google Scholar
• Mackay, F. 2004. “Gender and Political Representation in the UK: The State of the ‘Discipline.” The British Journal of Politics and International Relations 6 (1): 99–120. doi:10.1111/j.1467-856X.2004.00129.x.
   Google Scholar
• Mackay, F. 2009. “Institutionalising “New Politics” in Post Devolution Scotland: ‘Nested Newness’ and the Gendered Limits of Change.” Paper Presented at the European Conference on Politics and Gender, Queen’s University Belfast, 21–23 January.
   Google Scholar
• Mackay, F., M. Kenny, and L. Chappell. 2010. “New Institutionalism through a Gender Lens: Towards a Feminist Institutionalism?” International Political Science Review 31 (5): 573–588. doi:10.1177/0192512110388788.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahony, M. 2002a. Email to Amadeo Francis, 21 October 2002, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• Mahony, M. 2002b. Email to Ilse Bechthold, 22 October 2002, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• Mavin, S., and G. Grandy. 2016. “A Theory of Abject Appearance: Women Elite Leaders’ Intra-Gender “Management” of Bodies and Appearance.” Human Relations 69 (5): 1095–1120. doi:10.1177/0018726715609107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews, J. J K. 2021a. “The Brighton Conference on Women and Sport.” Sport in History 41 (1): 98–130. doi:10.1080/17460263.2020.1730943.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews, J. J K. 2021b. “Political Advances for Women and Sport in the Mid-1990s.” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 13 (4): 641–659. doi:10.1080/19406940.2021.1939763.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, D. 1990. “Women Argue for Greater Role in Sport.” The Times, November 5, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• Nowell, L. S., J. M. Norris, D. E. White, and N. J. Moules. 2017. “Thematic Analysis: Striving to Meet the Trustworthiness Criteria.” International Journal of Qualitative Methods 16 (1): 160940691773384. doi:10.1177/1609406917733847.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pape, M. 2020. “Gender Segregation and Trajectories of Organizational Change: The Underrepresentation of Women in Sports Leadership.” Gender & Society 34 (1): 81–105. doi:10.1177/0891243219867914.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodríguez, V. E. 2010. Women in Contemporary Mexican Politics. Austin: University of Texas Press.
   Google Scholar
• Romanova, Z. 1960. Letter to Donald Pain, 20 July 1960, archive collection “IAAF Women’s Commission 1948–1976”. Monaco: IAAF Archive.
   Google Scholar
• Schwindt-Bayer, S. A. 2010. Political Power and Women’s Representation in Latin America, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Thelen, K. 2003. “How Institutions Evolve: Insights from Comparative Historical Analysis.” In Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences, edited by J. Mahoney and D. Rueschemeyer, 208–240. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Weir, M. 1992. “Ideas and the Politics of Bounded Innovation.” In Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis, edited by S. Steinmo, K. Thelen and F. Longstret, 188–216. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Weiss, P. 2001. Email to IAAF Women’s Committee, 22 November 2001, collection “Ilse Bechthold”. Münster: University of Münster.
   Google Scholar
• Wenn, S. R, and R. K. Barney. 2020. “The Gold in the Rings.” In The People and Events That Transformed the Olympic Games. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.
   Google Scholar
• White, A., and C. Brackenridge. 1985. “Who Rules Sport? Gender Divisions in the Power Structure of British Sports Organisations from 1960.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport 20 (1–2): 95–107. doi:10.1177/101269028502000109.
   Google Scholar