Lung deposition patterns of MWCNT vary with degree of carboxylation

References

• Allegri, M., D. K. Perivoliotis, M. G. Bianchi, M. Chiu, A. Pagliaro, M. A. Koklioti, A. F. A. Trompeta, E. Bergamaschi, O. Bussolati, and C. A. Charitidis. 2016. “Toxicity Determinants of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: The Relationship between Functionalization and Agglomeration.” Toxicology Reports 3: 230–243. doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.01.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai, W., Z. Wu, S. Mitra, and J. M. Brown. 2016. “Effects of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Surface Modification and Purification on Bovine Serum Albumin Binding and Biological Responses.” Journal of Nanomaterials 2016: 1. doi:10.1155/2016/2159537.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borm, P. J., and K. Driscoll. 1996. “Particles, Inflammation and Respiratory Tract Carcinogenesis.” Toxicology Letters 88 (1–3): 109–113. doi:10.1016/S0378-4274(96)80393-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunderson-Schelvan, M., R. Hamilton, K. Trout, F. Jessop, M. Gulumian, and A. Holian. 2016. “Approaching a Unified Theory for Particle-Induced Inflammation.” In Biological effects of fibrous and particulate substances, edited by T. Otsuki, Y. Yoshioka & A. Holian, 51–76. Springer, Tokyo, Japan.
   Google Scholar
• Castranova, V., P. A. Schulte, and R. D. Zumwalde. 2013. “Occupational Nanosafety Considerations for Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanofibers.” Accounts of Chemical Research 46 (3): 642–649. doi:10.1021/ar300004a.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Volder, M. F., S. H. Tawfick, R. H. Baughman, and A. J. Hart. 2013. “Carbon Nanotubes: present and Future Commercial Applications.” Science 339 (6119): 535–539. doi:10.1126/science.1222453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fanizza, C., S. Casciardi, F. Incoronato, D. Cavallo, C. L. Ursini, A. Ciervo, R. Maiello., et al. 2015. “Human Epithelial Cells Exposed to Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: interactions and Cell Surface Modifications.” Journal of Microscopy 259 (3): 173–184. doi:10.1111/jmi.12251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraczek-Szczypta, A., E. Menaszek, T. B. Syeda, A. Misra, M. Alavijeh, J. Adu, and S. Blazewicz. 2012. “Effect of MWCNT Surface and Chemical Modification on in Vitro Cellular Response.” Journal of Nanoparticle Research: an Interdisciplinary Forum for Nanoscale Science and Technology 14 (10): 1181. doi:10.1111/jmi.12251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freudiger, C. W., W. Min, B. G. Saar, S. Lu, G. R. Holtom, C. He, J. C. Tsai, J. X. Kang, and X. S. Xie. 2008. “Label-Free Biomedical Imaging with High Sensitivity by Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy.” Science 322 (5909): 1857–1861. doi:10.1126/science.1165758.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fytianos, K., B. Drasler, F. Blank, C. Von Garnier, E. Seydoux, L. Rodriguez-Lorenzo, A. Petri-Fink, and B. Rothen-Rutishauser. 2016. “Current in Vitro Approaches to Assess Nanoparticle Interactions with Lung Cells.” Nanomedicine (London) 11 (18): 2457–2469. doi:10.2217/nnm-2016-0199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton, R. F. Jr., T. Girtsman, C. Xiang, N. Wu, and A. Holian. 2013. “Nickel Contamination on MWCNT Is Related to Particle Bioactivity but Not Toxicity in the THP-1 Transformed Macrophage Model.” International Journal of Biomedical Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 3 (1/2): 107–126. doi:10.1504/IJBNN.2013.054509.
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton, R. F. Jr., Z. Wu, S. Mitra, and A. Holian. 2018. “The Effects of Varying Degree of MWCNT Carboxylation on Bioactivity in Various in Vivo and in Vitro Exposure Models.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19(2), E354. epub.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton, R. F. Jr., M. Buford, C. Xiang, N. Wu, and A. Holian. 2012. “NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Murine Alveolar Macrophages and Related Lung Pathology Is Associated with MWCNT Nickel Contamination.” Inhalation Toxicology 24 (14): 995–1008. doi:10.3109/08958378.2012.745633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton, R. F. Jr., S. Tsuruoka, N. Wu, M. Wolfarth, D. W. Porter, M. Bunderson-Schelvan, and A. Holian. 2017. “Length, but Not Reactive Edges, of Cup-Stack MWCNT Is Responsible for Toxicity and Acute Lung Inflammation.” Toxicologic Pathology 46 (1): 62. doi:10.1177/0192623317732303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton, R. F. Jr., Z. Wu, S. Mitra, P. K. Shaw, and A. Holian. 2013a. “Effect of MWCNT Size, Carboxylation, and Purification on in Vitro and in Vivo Toxicity, Inflammation and Lung pathology.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 10 (1): 57. doi:10.1186/1743-8977-10-57.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hamilton, R. F. Jr., C. Xiang, M. Li, I. Ka, F. Yang, D. Ma, D. W. Porter, N. Wu, and A. Holian. 2013b. “Purification and Sidewall Functionalization of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Resulting Bioactivity in Two Macrophage Models.” Inhalation Toxicology 25 (4):199–210. doi:10.3109/08958378.2013.775197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton, R. F., N. Wu, D. Porter, M. Buford, M. Wolfarth, and A. Holian. 2009. “Particle Length-Dependent Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials Toxicity and Bioactivity.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 6 (1):35. doi:10.1186/1743-8977-6-35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton, R. F., N. Wu, C. Xiang, M. Li, F. Yang, M. Wolfarth, D. W. Porter, and A. Holian. 2014. “Synthesis, Characterization, and Bioactivity of Carboxylic Acid-Functionalized Titanium Dioxide Nanobelts.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 11: 43. doi:10.1186/s12989-014-0043-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klumpp, C., K. Kostarelos, M. Prato, and A. Bianco. 2006. “Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes as Emerging Nanovectors for the Delivery of Therapeutics.” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1758 (3): 404–412. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2005.10.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kole, M. R. 2017. “Discrete Frequency Chemical Imaging with Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy.” Dissertation, University of Illinios at Urbana-Champaign.
   Google Scholar
• Li, C. H., and P. K. S. Tam. 1998. “An Iterative Algorithm for Minimum Cross Entropy Thresholding.” Pattern Recognition Letters 19 (8): 771–776. doi:10.1016/S0167-8655(98)00057-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, R., X. Wang, Z. Ji, B. Sun, H. Zhang, C. H. Chang, S. Lin., et al. 2013. “Surface Charge and Cellular Processing of Covalently Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Determine Pulmonary Toxicity.” ACS Nano 7 (3): 2352–2368. doi:10.1021/nn305567s.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahon, E., A. Salvati, F. Baldelli Bombelli, I. Lynch, and K. A. Dawson. 2012. “Designing the Nanoparticle-Biomolecule Interface for "Targeting and Therapeutic Delivery.” Journal of Controlled Release: official Journal of the Controlled Release Society 161 (2): 164–174. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.04.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marchesan, S., and M. Prato. 2015. “Under the Lens: carbon Nanotube and Protein Interaction at the nanoscale.” Chemical Communications (Cambridge) 51 (21): 4347–4359. doi:10.1039/c4cc09173f.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercer, R. R., A. F. Hubbs, J. F. Scabilloni, L. Wang, L. A. Battelli, S. Friend, V. Castranova, and D. W. Porter. 2011. “Pulmonary Fibrotic Response to Aspiration of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 8 (1): 21. doi:10.1186/1743-8977-8-21.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mercer, R. R., J. Scabilloni, L. Wang, E. Kisin, A. R. Murray, D. Schwegler-Berry, A. A. Shvedova, and V. Castranova. 2008. “Alteration of Deposition Pattern and Pulmonary Response as a Result of Improved Dispersion of Aspirated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in a Mouse Model.” American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 294 (1): L87–L97. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00186.2007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercer, R. R., J. F. Scabilloni, A. F. Hubbs, L. A. Battelli, W. Mckinney, S. Friend, M. G. Wolfarth, M. Andrew, V. Castranova, and D. W. Porter. 2013a. “Distribution and Fibrotic Response following Inhalation Exposure to Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 10 (1): 33. doi:10.1186/1743-8977-10-33.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mercer, R. R., J. F. Scabilloni, A. F. Hubbs, L. Wang, L. A. Battelli, W. Mckinney, V. Castranova, and D. W. Porter. 2013b. “Extrapulmonary Transport of MWCNT following Inhalation Exposure.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 10 (1): 38. doi:10.1186/1743-8977-10-38.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murphy, F. A., C. A. Poland, R. Duffin, and K. Donaldson. 2013. “Length-Dependent Pleural Inflammation and Parietal Pleural Responses after Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes in the Pulmonary Airspaces of Mice.” Nanotoxicology 7 (6):1157–1167. doi:10.3109/17435390.2012.713527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ntim, S. A., F. A. Witzmann, and S. Mitra. 2012. “Aggregation behavior of carbon nanotubes in aqueous and physiological media and its influence on toxicity.”International Journal of Biomedical Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 3(1–2): 84–106. doi:10.1504/IJBNN.2013.054510
   Google Scholar
• Palomaki, J., E. Valimaki, J. Sund, M. Vippola, P. A. Clausen, K. A. Jensen, K. Savolainen, S. Matikainen, and H. Alenius. 2011. “Long, Needle-like Carbon Nanotubes and Asbestos Activate the NLRP3 Inflammasome through a Similar Mechanism.” ACS Nano 5 (9): 6861–6870. doi:10.1021/nn200595c.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poland, C. A., F. Byrne, W. S. Cho, A. Prina-Mello, F. A. Murphy, G. L. Davies, J. M. Coey., et al. 2012. “Length-Dependent Pathogenic Effects of Nickel Nanowires in the Lungs and the Peritoneal Cavity.” Nanotoxicology 6 (8): 899–911. doi:10.3109/17435390.2011.626535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter, D., K. Sriram, M. Wolfarth, A. Jefferson, D. Schwegler-Berry, M. E. Andrew, and V. Castranova. 2008. “A Biocompatible Medium for Nanoparticle Dispersion.” Nanotoxicology 2 (3): 144–154. doi:10.1080/17435390802318349.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter, D. W., A. F. Hubbs, B. T. Chen, W. Mckinney, R. R. Mercer, M. G. Wolfarth, L. Battelli., et al. 2013. “Acute Pulmonary Dose-Responses to Inhaled Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes.” Nanotoxicology 7 (7): 1179–1194. doi:10.3109/17435390.2012.719649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter, D. W., A. F. Hubbs, R. R. Mercer, N. Wu, M. G. Wolfarth, K. Sriram, S. Leonard., et al. 2010. “Mouse Pulmonary Dose- and Time Course-Responses Induced by Exposure to Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes.” Toxicology 269 (2–3): 136–147. doi:10.1016/j.tox.2009.10.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poulsen, S. S., P. Jackson, K. Kling, K. B. Knudsen, V. Skaug, Z. O. Kyjovska, B. L. Thomsen., et al. 2016. “Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Physicochemical Properties Predict Pulmonary Inflammation and Genotoxicity.” Nanotoxicology 10 (9): 1263–1275. doi:10.1080/17435390.2016.1202351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prewitt, J. M., and M. L. Mendelsohn. 1966. “The Analysis of Cell Images.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 128 (3): 1035–1053. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965. tb11715.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ruenraroengsak, P., S. Chen, S. Hu, J. Melbourne, S. Sweeney, A. J. Thorley, J. N. Skepper, M. S. Shaffer, T. D. Tetley, and A. E. Porter. 2016. “Translocation of Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes across Human Pulmonary Alveolar Epithelium: Dominant Role of Epithelial Type 1 Cells.” ACS Nano 10 (5): 5070–5085. doi:10.1021/acsnano.5b08218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sager, T. M., M. W. Wolfarth, M. Andrew, A. Hubbs, S. Friend, T. H. Chen, D. W. Porter., et al. 2014. “Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Surface Modification on Bioactivity in the C57BL/6 Mouse Model.” Nanotoxicology 8 (3): 317–327. doi:10.3109/17435390.2013.779757.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyder-Talkington, B. N., C. Dong, D. W. Porter, B. Ducatman, M. G. Wolfarth, M. Andrew, L. Battelli., et al. 2016. “Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Induced Pulmonary Inflammatory and Fibrotic Responses and Genomic Changes following Aspiration Exposure in Mice: A 1-Year Postexposure Study.” Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 79 (8): 352–366. doi:10.1080/15287394.2016.1159635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitalsky, Z., D. Tasis, K. Papagelis, and C. Galiotis. 2010. “Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Composites: Chemistry, Processing, Mechanical and Electrical Properties.” Progress in Polymer Science 35 (3): 357–401. doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.09.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, Y. P., K. Fu, Y. Lin, and W. Huang. 2002. “Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes: properties and Applications.” Accounts of Chemical Research 35 (12): 1096–1104. doi:10.1021/ar010160v.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sweeney, S.,. S. Hu, P. Ruenraroengsak, S. Chen, A. Gow, S. Schwander, J. F. Zhang., et al. 2016. “Carboxylation of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Reduces Their Toxicity in Primary Human Alveolar Macrophages.” Environmental Science: Nano 3 (6): 1340–1350. doi:10.1039/C6EN00055J.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terrones, M., and H. Terrones. 2003. “The Carbon Nanocosmos: novel Materials for the Twenty-First Century.” Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences 361 (1813): 2789–2806. doi:10.1098/rsta.2003.1262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ursini, C. L., R. Maiello, A. Ciervo, A. M. Fresegna, G. Buresti, F. Superti, M. Marchetti, S. Iavicoli, and D. Cavallo. 2016. “Evaluation of Uptake, Cytotoxicity and Inflammatory Effects in Respiratory Cells Exposed to Pristine and -OH and -COOH Functionalized Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes.” Journal of Applied Toxicology 36 (3): 394–403. doi:10.1002/jat.3228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, F., L. Yu, M. P. Monopoli, P. Sandin, E. Mahon, A. Salvati, and K. A. Dawson. 2013. “The Biomolecular Corona Is Retained during Nanoparticle Uptake and Protects the Cells from the Damage Induced by Cationic Nanoparticles until Degraded in the Lysosomes.” Nanomedicine 9 (8):1159–1168. doi:10.1016/j.nano.2013.04.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, Z., Z. Wang, F. Yu, M. Thakkar, and S. Mitra. 2017. “Variation in Chemical, Colloidal and Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes with the Degree of Carboxylation.” Journal of Nanoparticle Research 19. doi:10.1007/s11051-016-3697-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y., Y. Bai, and B. Yan. 2010. “Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for Potential Medicinal Applications.” Drug Discovery Today 15 (11–12): 428–435. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2010.04.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar