1,032
Views
48
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

miR-21 mediates nickel nanoparticle-induced pulmonary injury and fibrosis

, , , , &
Pages 1175-1197 | Received 07 Jan 2020, Accepted 06 Aug 2020, Published online: 14 Sep 2020

References

  • Aillon, K. L., Y. Xie, N. El-Gendy, C. J. Berkland, and M. L. Forrest. 2009. “Effects of Nanomaterial Physicochemical Properties on in Vivo Toxicity.” Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 61 (6): 457–466. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2009.03.010.
  • Akerlund, E., F. Cappellini, S. Di Bucchianico, S. Islam, S. Skoglund, R. Derr, I. Odnevall Wallinder, G. Hendriks, and H. L. Karlsson. 2018. “Genotoxic and Mutagenic Properties of Ni and NiO Nanoparticles Investigated by Comet Assay, γ-H2AX Staining, Hprt Mutation Assay and ToxTracker Reporter Cell Lines.” Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 59 (3): 211–222. doi:10.1002/em.22163.
  • Anon  , 1990. “Report of the International Committee on Nickel Carcinogenesis in Man.” Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 16: 1–82.
  • Bajpai, R., S. Roy, N. Kulshrestha, J. Rafiee, N. Koratkar, and D. S. Misra. 2012. “Graphene Supported Nickel Nanoparticle as a Viable Replacement for Platinum in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells.” Nanoscale 4 (3): 926–930. doi:10.1039/c2nr11127f.
  • Barnett, R. E., D. J. Conklin, L. Ryan, R. C. Keskey, V. Ramjee, E. A. Sepulveda, S. Srivastava, A. Bhatnagar, and W. G. Cheadle. 2016. “Anti-Inflammatory Effects of miR-21 in the Macrophage Response to Peritonitis.” Journal of Leukocyte Biology 99 (2): 361–371. doi:10.1189/jlb.4A1014-489R.
  • Bateman, E. D., M. Turner-Warwick, and B. C. Adelmann-Grill. 1981. “Immunohistochemical Study of Collagen Types in Human Foetal Lung and Fibrotic Lung Disease.” Thorax 36 (9): 645–653. doi:10.1136/thx.36.9.645.
  • Baum, J., and H. S. Duffy. 2011. “Fibroblasts and Myofibroblasts: what Are we Talking about?” Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 57: 376–379.
  • Benson, J. M., I. Y. Chang, Y. S. Cheng, F. F. Hahn, C. H. Kennedy, E. B. Barr, K. R. Maples, and M. B. Snipes. 1995. “Particle Clearance and Histopathology in Lungs of F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice Inhaling Nickel Oxide or Nickel Sulfate.” Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 28 (2): 232–244. doi:10.1093/toxsci/28.2.232.
  • Blazquez-Prieto, J., I. Lopez-Alonso, L. Amado-Rodriguez, C. Huidobro, A. Gonzalez-Lopez, W. M. Kuebler, and G. M. Albaiceta. 2018. “Impaired Lung Repair during Neutropenia Can Be Reverted by Matrix Metalloproteinase-9.” Thorax 73 (4): 321–330. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210105.
  • Bollati, V., B. Marinelli, P. Apostoli, M. Bonzini, F. Nordio, M. Hoxha, V. Pegoraro, et al. 2010. “Exposure to Metal-Rich Particulate Matter Modifies the Expression of Candidate microRNAs in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes.” Environmental Health Perspectives 118 (6): 763–768. doi:10.1289/ehp.0901300.
  • Bonnans, C., J. Chou, and Z. Werb. 2014. “Remodelling the Extracellular Matrix in Development and Disease.” Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology 15 (12): 786–801. doi:10.1038/nrm3904.
  • Bronnum, H., D. C. Andersen, M. Schneider, M. B. Sandberg, T. Eskildsen, S. B. Nielsen, R. Kalluri, and S. P. Sheikh. 2013. “miR-21 Promotes Fibrogenic Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Epicardial Mesothelial Cells Involving Programmed Cell Death 4 and Sprouty-1.” PLoS One 8 (2): e56280. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056280.
  • Brown, D., M. Rahman, and S. P. Nana-Sinkam. 2014. “MicroRNAs in Respiratory Disease. A Clinician's Overview.” Annals of the American Thoracic Society 11 (8): 1277–1285. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201404-179FR.
  • Capasso, L., M. Camatini, and M. Gualtieri. 2014. “Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Inflammation and Genotoxic Effect in Lung Epithelial Cells.” Toxicology Letters 226 (1): 28–34. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.01.040.
  • Chen, S., Y. Xue, X. Wu, C. Le, A. Bhutkar, E. L. Bell, F. Zhang, R. Langer, and P. A. Sharp. 2014. “Global microRNA Depletion Suppresses Tumor Angiogenesis.” Genes & Development 28 (10): 1054–1067. doi:10.1101/gad.239681.114.
  • Cho, W. S., R. Duffin, C. A. Poland, A. Duschl, G. J. Oostingh, W. Macnee, M. Bradley, I. L. Megson, and K. Donaldson. 2012. “Differential Pro-Inflammatory Effects of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Soluble Ions In Vitro and In Vivo; Zinc and Copper Nanoparticles, but Not Their Ions, Recruit Eosinophils to the Lungs.” Nanotoxicology 6 (1): 22–35. doi:10.3109/17435390.2011.552810.
  • Colvin, V. L. 2003. “The Potential Environmental Impact of Engineered Nanomaterials.” Nature Biotechnology 21 (10): 1166–1170. doi:10.1038/nbt875.
  • Davis, B. N., A. C. Hilyard, G. Lagna, and A. Hata. 2008. “SMAD Proteins Control DROSHA-Mediated microRNA Maturation.” Nature 454 (7200): 56–61. doi:10.1038/nature07086.
  • Derynck, R., Y. Zhang, and X. H. Feng. 1998. “Smads: Transcriptional Activators of TGF-Beta Responses.” Cell 95 (6): 737–740. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81696-7.
  • Dick, C. A., D. M. Brown, K. Donaldson, and V. Stone. 2003. “The Role of Free Radicals in the Toxic and Inflammatory Effects of Four Different Ultrafine Particle Types.” Inhalation Toxicology 15 (1): 39–52. doi:10.1080/08958370304454.
  • Driscoll, K. E., D. L. Costa, G. Hatch, R. Henderson, G. Oberdorster, H. Salem, and R. B. Schlesinger. 2000. “Intratracheal Instillation as an Exposure Technique for the Evaluation of Respiratory Tract Toxicity: Uses and Limitations.” Toxicological Sciences : An Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology 55 (1): 24–35. doi:10.1093/toxsci/55.1.24.
  • Feng, L., Y. Zhang, M. Jiang, Y. Mo, R. Wan, Z. Jia, D. J. Tollerud, X. Zhang, and Q. Zhang. 2015. “ Up-Regulation of Gadd45α After Exposure to Metal Nanoparticles: The Role of Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1α .” Environmental Toxicology 30 (4): 490–499. doi:10.1002/tox.21926.
  • Frohlich, E., A. Mercuri, S. Wu, and S. Salar-Behzadi. 2016. “Measurements of Deposition, Lung Surface Area and Lung Fluid for Simulation of Inhaled Compounds.” Frontiers in Pharmacology. 7 (181): 181.
  • Gabriely, G., T. Wurdinger, S. Kesari, C. C. Esau, J. Burchard, P. S. Linsley, and A. M. Krichevsky. 2008. “MicroRNA 21 Promotes Glioma Invasion by Targeting Matrix Metalloproteinase Regulators.” Molecular and Cellular Biology 28 (17): 5369–5380. doi:10.1128/MCB.00479-08.
  • Gillespie, P. A., G. S. Kang, A. Elder, R. Gelein, L. Chen, A. L. Moreira, J. Koberstein, K. M. Tchou-Wong, T. Gordon, and L. C. Chen. 2010. “Pulmonary Response after Exposure to Inhaled Nickel Hydroxide Nanoparticles: short and Long-Term Studies in Mice.” Nanotoxicology 4 (1): 106–119. doi:10.3109/17435390903470101.
  • Glista-Baker, E. E., A. J. Taylor, B. C. Sayers, E. A. Thompson, and J. C. Bonner. 2014. “Nickel Nanoparticles Cause Exaggerated Lung and Airway Remodeling in Mice Lacking the T-Box Transcription Factor, TBX21 (T-Bet).” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 11 (1): 7. doi:10.1186/1743-8977-11-7.
  • Greenlee, K. J., Z. Werb, and F. Kheradmand. 2007. “Matrix Metalloproteinases in Lung: Multiple, Multifarious, and Multifaceted.” Physiological Reviews 87 (1): 69–98. doi:10.1152/physrev.00022.2006.
  • Guinea-Viniegra, J., M. Jimenez, H. B. Schonthaler, R. Navarro, Y. Delgado, M. J. Concha-Garzon, E. Tschachler, S. Obad, E. Dauden, and E. F. Wagner. 2014. “Targeting miR-21 to Treat Psoriasis.” Science Translational Medicine. 6: 225–re221.
  • Gushima, Y., K. Ichikado, M. Suga, T. Okamoto, K. Iyonaga, K. Sato, H. Miyakawa, and M. Ando. 2001. “Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Pigs with Hyperoxia-Induced Acute Lung Injury.” The European Respiratory Journal 18 (5): 827–837. doi:10.1183/09031936.01.00049201.
  • Ha, T. Y. 2011a. “MicroRNAs in Human Diseases: From Cancer to Cardiovascular Disease.” Immune Network 11 (3): 135–154. doi:10.4110/in.2011.11.3.135.
  • Ha, T. Y. 2011b. “MicroRNAs in Human Diseases: From Lung, Liver and Kidney Diseases to Infectious Disease, Sickle Cell Disease and Endometrium Disease.” Immune Network 11 (6): 309–323. doi:10.4110/in.2011.11.6.309.
  • Hance, A. J., Crystal, R. G. 1975. “The Connective Tissue of Lung.” The American Review of Respiratory Disease 112: 657–711.
  • Hannocks, M. J., X. Zhang, H. Gerwien, A. Chashchina, M. Burmeister, E. Korpos, J. Song, and L. Sorokin. 2019. “The Gelatinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, as Fine Tuners of Neuroinflammatory Processes.” Matrix Biology: Journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology 75-76: 102–113. doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2017.11.007.
  • Howrylak, J. A., and K. Nakahira. 2017. “Inflammasomes: Key Mediators of Lung Immunity.” Annual Review of Physiology 79: 471–494. doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021115-105229.
  • Hsu, A. T., Barrett, C. D. DeBusk, G. M. Ellson, C. D. Gautam, S. Talmor, D. S. Gallagher. D. C. and Yaffe, M. B. 2015. “Kinetics and Role of Plasma Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression in Acute Lung Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.” Shock 44: 128–136.
  • IARC, 1990. “Chromium, Nickel and Welding.” IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 49: 1–648.
  • ISO. 2015. “International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary — Part 2: Nano-Objects.” ISO/TS 80004-2:2015.
  • Jiang, C., Y. Guo, H. Yu, S. Lu, and L. Meng. 2019. “Pleiotropic microRNA-21 in Pulmonary Remodeling: Novel Insights for Molecular Mechanism and Present Advancements.” Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology 15: 33. doi:10.1186/s13223-019-0345-2.
  • Journeay, W. S., and R. H. Goldman. 2014. “Occupational Handling of Nickel Nanoparticles: A Case Report.” American Journal of Industrial Medicine 57 (9): 1073–1076. doi:10.1002/ajim.22344.
  • Last, J. A., A. D. Siefkin, and K. M. Reiser. 1983. “Type I Collagen Content is Increased in Lungs of Patients with Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome.” Thorax 38 (5): 364–368. doi:10.1136/thx.38.5.364.
  • Latronico, M. V., and G. Condorelli. 2009. “MicroRNAs and Cardiac Pathology.” Nature Reviews. Cardiology 6 (6): 419–429. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2009.56.
  • Latvala, S., J. Hedberg, S. Di Bucchianico, L. Moller, I. Odnevall Wallinder, K. Elihn, and H. L. Karlsson. 2016. “Nickel Release, ROS Generation and Toxicity of Ni and NiO Micro- and Nanoparticles.” PLoS One 11 (7): e0159684. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159684.
  • Le, T. T., H. Karmouty-Quintana, E. Melicoff, T. T. Le, T. Weng, N. Y. Chen, M. Pedroza, et al. 2014. “Blockade of IL-6 Trans Signaling Attenuates Pulmonary Fibrosis.” Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, MD) 193 (7): 3755–3768. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1302470.
  • Lei, D., D. C. Lee, A. Magasinski, E. Zhao, D. Steingart, and G. Yushin. 2016. “Performance Enhancement and Side Reactions in Rechargeable Nickel-Iron Batteries with Nanostructured Electrodes.” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 8 (3): 2088–2096. doi:10.1021/acsami.5b10547.
  • Lewis, B. P., C. B. Burge, and D. P. Bartel. 2005. “Conserved Seed Pairing, Often Flanked by Adenosines, Indicates That Thousands of Human Genes Are microRNA Targets.” Cell 120 (1): 15–20. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.12.035.
  • Li, Q., D. Zhang, Y. Wang, P. Sun, X. Hou, J. Larner, W. Xiong, and J. Mi. 2013. “MiR-21/Smad 7 Signaling Determines TGF-β1-Induced CAF Formation.” Scientific Reports 3: 2038. doi:10.1038/srep02038.
  • Lin, L.,. H. Gan, H. Zhang, W. Tang, Y. Sun, X. Tang, D. Kong, J. Zhou, Y. Wang, and Y. Zhu. 2014. “MicroRNA-21 Inhibits SMAD7 Expression Through a Target Sequence in the 3' Untranslated Region and Inhibits Proliferation of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells.” Molecular Medicine Reports 10 (2): 707–712. doi:10.3892/mmr.2014.2312.
  • Liu, G., A. Friggeri, Y. Yang, J. Milosevic, Q. Ding, V. J. Thannickal, N. Kaminski, and E. Abraham. 2010. “miR-21 Mediates Fibrogenic Activation of Pulmonary Fibroblasts and Lung Fibrosis.” Journal of Experimental Medicine 207 (8): 1589–1597. doi:10.1084/jem.20100035.
  • Livak, K. J., and T. D. Schmittgen. 2001. “Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method.” Methods (San Diego, CA) 25 (4): 402–408. doi:10.1006/meth.2001.1262.
  • Loffler, D., K. Brocke-Heidrich, G. Pfeifer, C. Stocsits, J. Hackermuller, A. K. Kretzschmar, R. Burger, et al. 2007. “Interleukin-6 Dependent Survival of Multiple Myeloma Cells Involves the Stat3-Mediated Induction of microRNA-21 through a Highly Conserved Enhancer.” Blood 110 (4): 1330–1333. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-03-081133.
  • Long, G., Y. Mo, Q. Zhang, and M. Jiang. 2019. “Analysis of Nanomaterial Toxicity by Western Blot.” Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.) 1894: 161–169.
  • Lu, T. X., A. Munitz, and M. E. Rothenberg. 2009. “MicroRNA-21 is up-Regulated in Allergic Airway Inflammation and Regulates IL-12p35 Expression.” Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, MD) 182 (8): 4994–5002. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0803560.
  • Ma, X., M. Kumar, S. N. Choudhury, L. E. Becker Buscaglia, J. R. Barker, K. Kanakamedala, M. F. Liu, and Y. Li. 2011. “Loss of the miR-21 Allele Elevates the Expression of Its Target Genes and Reduces Tumorigenesis.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108 (25): 10144–10149. doi:10.1073/pnas.1103735108.
  • Madri, J. A., and H. Furthmayr. 1980. “Collagen Polymorphism in the Lung. An Immunochemical Study of Pulmonary Fibrosis.” Human Pathology 11 (4): 353–366. doi:10.1016/S0046-8177(80)80031-1.
  • McKleroy, W., T. H. Lee, and K. Atabai. 2013. “Always Cleave up Your Mess: Targeting Collagen Degradation to Treat Tissue Fibrosis.” American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 304 (11): L709–21. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00418.2012.
  • Merline, R., K. Moreth, J. Beckmann, M. V. Nastase, J. Zeng-Brouwers, J. G. Tralhao, P. Lemarchand, et al. 2011. “Signaling by the Matrix Proteoglycan Decorin Controls Inflammation and Cancer through PDCD4 and MicroRNA-21.” Science Signaling 4 (199): ra75. doi:10.1126/scisignal.2001868.
  • Mishra, S., J. J. Deng, P. S. Gowda, M. K. Rao, C. L. Lin, C. L. Chen, T. Huang, and L. Z. Sun. 2014. “Androgen Receptor and microRNA-21 Axis Downregulates Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor II (TGFBR2) Expression in Prostate cancer.” Oncogene 33 (31): 4097–4106. doi:10.1038/onc.2013.374.
  • Mo, Y., J. Chen, D. M. Humphrey, Jr., R. A. Fodah, J. M. Warawa, and G. W. Hoyle. 2015. “Abnormal Epithelial Structure and Chronic Lung Inflammation after Repair of Chlorine-Induced Airway Injury.” American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 308 (2): L168–178. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00226.2014.
  • Mo, Y., J. Chen, C. F. Schlueter, and G. W. Hoyle. 2013. “Differential Susceptibility of Inbred Mouse Strains to Chlorine-Induced Airway Fibrosis.” American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 304 (2): L92–102. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00272.2012.
  • Mo, Y., M. Jiang, Y. Zhang, R. Wan, J. Li, C. J. Zhong, H. Li, S. Tang, and Q. Zhang. 2019. “Comparative Mouse Lung Injury by Nickel Nanoparticles with Differential Surface Modification.” Journal of Nanobiotechnology 17 (1): 2. doi:10.1186/s12951-018-0436-0.
  • Mo, Yiqun, Yiqun Mo, Xinqiang Zhu, Yiqun Mo, Xinqiang Zhu, Xiao Hu, David J. Tollerud, and Qunwei Zhang. 2008. “Cytokine and NO Release from Peripheral Blood Neutrophils after Exposure to Metal Nanoparticles: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Studies.” Nanotoxicology 2 (2): 79–87. doi:10.1080/17435390802112874.
  • Morgan, L. G., and V. Usher. 1994. “Health Problems Associated with Nickel Refining and Use.” The Annals of Occupational Hygiene 38: 189–198.
  • Mo, Y., R. Wan, S. Chien, D. J. Tollerud, and Q. Zhang. 2009a. “Activation of Endothelial Cells after Exposure to Ambient Ultrafine Particles: The Role of NADPH oxidase.” Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 236 (2): 183–193. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2009.01.017.
  • Mo, Y., R. Wan, L. Feng, S. Chien, D. J. Tollerud, and Q. Zhang. 2012. “Combination Effects of Cigarette Smoke Extract and Ambient Ultrafine Particles on Endothelial Cells.” Toxicology in Vitro 26 (2): 295–303. doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2011.12.001.
  • Mo, Y., R. Wan, J. Wang, S. Chien, D. J. Tollerud, and Q. Zhang. 2009b. “Diabetes is Associated with Increased Sensitivity of Alveolar Macrophages to Urban Particulate Matter Exposure.” Toxicology 262 (2): 130–137. doi:10.1016/j.tox.2009.05.019.
  • Murphy, G., F. Willenbrock, T. Crabbe, M. O'Shea, R. Ward, S. Atkinson, J. O'Connell, and A. Docherty. 1994. “Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 732: 31–41. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb24722.x.
  • Niska, K., E. Zielinska, M. W. Radomski, and I. Inkielewicz-Stepniak. 2018. “Metal Nanoparticles in Dermatology and Cosmetology: Interactions with Human Skin Cells.” Chemico-Biological Interactions 295: 38–51. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2017.06.018.
  • Oberdorster, G., E. Oberdorster, and J. Oberdorster. 2005. “Nanotoxicology: An Emerging Discipline Evolving from Studies of Ultrafine Particles.” Environmental Health Perspectives. 113: 823–839.
  • O'Connell, R. M., D. S. Rao, and D. Baltimore. 2012. “microRNA Regulation of Inflammatory Responses.” Annual Review of Immunology 30: 295–312. doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075013.
  • Oh, J., R. Takahashi, S. Kondo, A. Mizoguchi, E. Adachi, R. M. Sasahara, S. Nishimura, et al. 2001. “The Membrane-Anchored MMP Inhibitor RECK is a Key Regulator of Extracellular Matrix Integrity and Angiogenesis.” Cell 107 (6): 789–800. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00597-9.
  • Pace, E., S. Di Vincenzo, E. Di Salvo, S. Genovese, P. Dino, C. Sangiorgi, M. Ferraro, and S. Gangemi. 2019. “MiR-21 Upregulation Increases IL-8 Expression and Tumorigenesis Program in Airway Epithelial Cells Exposed to Cigarette Smoke.” Journal of Cellular Physiology 234 (12): 22183–22194. doi:10.1002/jcp.28786.
  • Parks, W. C. 2003. “Matrix Metalloproteinases in Lung Repair.” European Respiratory Journal 44: 36s–38s. doi:10.1183/09031936.03.00001203.
  • Parks, W. C., and S. D. Shapiro. 2001. “Matrix Metalloproteinases in Lung Biology.” Respiratory Research 2 (1): 10–19. doi:10.1186/rr33.
  • Phillips, J. I., Green, F. Y., Davies. J. C., and Murray, J. 2010. “Pulmonary and Systemic Toxicity following Exposure to Nickel Nanoparticles.” American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 53: 763–767.
  • Pietruska, J. R., X. Liu, A. Smith, K. McNeil, P. Weston, A. Zhitkovich, R. Hurt, and A. B. Kane. 2011. “Bioavailability, Intracellular Mobilization of Nickel, and HIF-1α Activation in Human Lung Epithelial Cells Exposed to Metallic Nickel and Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles.” Toxicological Sciences 124 (1): 138–148. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfr206.
  • Port, J. D., and C. Sucharov. 2010. “Role of microRNAs in Cardiovascular Disease: therapeutic Challenges and Potentials.” Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 56: 444–453.
  • Qi, W., H. Li, X. H. Cai, J. Q. Gu, J. Meng, H. Q. Xie, J. L. Zhang, et al. 2015. “Lipoxin A4 Activates Alveolar Epithelial Sodium Channel Gamma via the microRNA-21/PTEN/AKT Pathway in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Lung Injury.” Laboratory Investigation 95 (11): 1258–1268. doi:10.1038/labinvest.2015.109.
  • Reis, S. T., J. Pontes-Junior, A. A. Antunes, M. F. Dall'Oglio, N. Dip, C. C. Passerotti, G. A. Rossini, et al. 2012. “miR-21 May Acts as an Oncomir by Targeting RECK, a Matrix Metalloproteinase Regulator, in Prostate Cancer.” BMC Urology 12: 14. doi:10.1186/1471-2490-12-14.
  • Roggli, E., A. Britan, S. Gattesco, N. Lin-Marq, A. Abderrahmani, P. Meda, and R. Regazzi. 2010. “Involvement of microRNAs in the Cytotoxic Effects Exerted by Proinflammatory Cytokines on Pancreatic Beta-Cells.” Diabetes 59 (4): 978–986. doi:10.2337/db09-0881.
  • Selman, M., R. Chapela, M. Montano, H. Soto, and L. Diaz de Leon. 1982. “Changes of Collagen Content in Fibrotic Lung Disease.” Archivos de Investigacion Medica 13: 93–100. passim.
  • Selman, M., M. Montano, C. Ramos, and R. Chapela. 1986. “Concentration, Biosynthesis and Degradation of Collagen in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.” Thorax 41 (5): 355–359. doi:10.1136/thx.41.5.355.
  • Seo, S.,. G. A. Perez, K. Tewari, X. Comas, and M. Kim. 2018. “Catalytic Activity of Nickel Nanoparticles Stabilized by Adsorbing Polymers for Enhanced Carbon Sequestration.” Scientific Reports 8 (1): 11786. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-29605-1.
  • Sessa, R., and A. Hata. 2013. “Role of microRNAs in Lung Development and Pulmonary diseases.” Pulmonary Circulation 3 (2): 315–328. doi:10.4103/2045-8932.114758.
  • Seyer, J. M., E. T. Hutcheson, and A. H. Kang. 1976. “Collagen Polymorphism in Idiopathic Chronic Pulmonary Fibrosis.” Journal of Clinical Investigation 57 (6): 1498–1507. doi:10.1172/JCI108420.
  • Sharma, A., J. Hickman, N. Gazit, E. Rabkin, and Y. Mishin. 2018. “Nickel Nanoparticles Set a New Record of Strength.” Nature Communications 9 (1): 4102. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06575-6.
  • Sheedy, F. J. 2015. “Turning 21: Induction of miR-21 as a Key Switch in the Inflammatory Response.” Frontiers in Immunology. 6: 19.
  • Shi, C., Y. Liang, J. Yang, Y. Xia, H. Chen, H. Han, Y. Yang, W. Wu, R. Gao, and H. Qin. 2013. “MicroRNA-21 Knockout Improve the Survival Rate in DSS Induced Fatal Colitis Through Protecting Against Inflammation and Tissue Injury.” PLoS One 8 (6): e66814. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066814.
  • Shin, S. W., I. H. Song, and S. H. Um. 2015. “Role of Physicochemical Properties in Nanoparticle Toxicity.” Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) 5 (3): 1351–1365. doi:10.3390/nano5031351.
  • Shoemaker, C. T., K. M. Reiser, B. W. Goetzman, and J. A. Last. 1984. “Elevated Ratios of Type I/III Collagen in the Lungs of Chronically Ventilated Neonates with Respiratory distress.” Pediatric Research 18 (11): 1176–1180. doi:10.1203/00006450-198411000-00025.
  • Shukla, M. N., J. L. Rose, R. Ray, K. L. Lathrop, A. Ray, and P. Ray. 2009. “Hepatocyte Growth Factor Inhibits Epithelial to Myofibroblast Transition in Lung Cells via Smad7.” American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology 40 (6): 643–653. doi:10.1165/rcmb.2008-0217OC.
  • Snider, G. L. 1981. “Collagen Concentration and Rates of Synthesis in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.” American Review of Respiratory Disease 124: 341–342.
  • Sobral, L. M., P. F. Montan, K. G. Zecchin, H. Martelli-Junior, P. A. Vargas, E. Graner, and R. D. Coletta. 2011. “Smad7 Blocks Transforming Growth Factor-β1-Induced Gingival Fibroblast-Myofibroblast Transition via Inhibitory Regulation of Smad2 and Connective Tissue Growth Factor.” Journal of Periodontology 82 (4): 642–651. doi:10.1902/jop.2010.100510.
  • Stankic, S.,. S. Suman, F. Haque, and J. Vidic. 2016. “Pure and Multi Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Properties.” Journal of Nanobiotechnology 14 (1): 73. doi:10.1186/s12951-016-0225-6.
  • Sun, K. H., Y. Chang, N. I. Reed, and D. Sheppard. 2016. “α-Smooth Muscle Actin is an Inconsistent Marker of Fibroblasts Responsible for Force-Dependent TGFβ Activation or Collagen Production Across Multiple Models of Organ Fibrosis.” American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 310 (9): L824–836. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00350.2015.
  • Takahashi, C., Z. Sheng, T. P. Horan, H. Kitayama, M. Maki, K. Hitomi, Y. Kitaura, et al. 1998. “Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Inhibition of Tumor Invasion by the Membrane-Anchored Glycoprotein RECK.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95 (22): 13221–13226. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.22.13221.
  • Tasker, S. Z., E. A. Standley, and T. F. Jamison. 2014. “Recent Advances in Homogeneous Nickel Catalysis.” Nature 509 (7500): 299–309. doi:10.1038/nature13274.
  • Taylor, M. D., J. R. Roberts, A. F. Hubbs, M. J. Reasor, and J. M. Antonini. 2002. “Quantitative Image Analysis of Drug-Induced Lung Fibrosis Using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy.” Toxicological Sciences 67 (2): 295–302. doi:10.1093/toxsci/67.2.295.
  • Thum, T., C. Gross, J. Fiedler, T. Fischer, S. Kissler, M. Bussen, P. Galuppo, et al. 2008. “MicroRNA-21 Contributes to Myocardial Disease by Stimulating MAP Kinase Signalling in Fibroblasts.” Nature 456 (7224): 980–984. doi:10.1038/nature07511.
  • Tsezou, A. 2014. “Osteoarthritis Year in Review 2014: genetics and Genomics.” Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 22 (12): 2017–2024. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2014.07.024.
  • Upagupta, C., C. Shimbori, R. Alsilmi, and M. Kolb. 2018. “Matrix Abnormalities in Pulmonary Fibrosis.” European Respiratory Review 27 (148): 180033. doi:10.1183/16000617.0033-2018.
  • Vennegaard, M. T., C. M. Bonefeld, P. H. Hagedorn, N. Bangsgaard, M. B. Lovendorf, N. Odum, A. Woetmann, C. Geisler, and L. Skov. 2012. “Allergic Contact Dermatitis Induces Upregulation of Identical microRNAs in Humans and Mice.” Contact Dermatitis 67 (5): 298–305. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2012.02083.x.
  • Wan, R., Y. Mo, S. Chien, Y. Li, Y. Li, D. J. Tollerud, and Q. Zhang. 2011. “The Role of Hypoxia Inducible factor-1α in the Increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 Production by Human Monocytes Exposed to Nickel Nanoparticles.” Nanotoxicology 5 (4): 568–582. doi:10.3109/17435390.2010.537791.
  • Wan, R., Y. Mo, X. Zhang, S. Chien, D. J. Tollerud, and Q. Zhang. 2008. “Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 are Induced Differently by Metal Nanoparticles in Human Monocytes: The Role of Oxidative Stress and Protein Tyrosine Kinase Activation.” Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 233 (2): 276–285. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2008.08.022.
  • Wan, R., Y. Mo, Z. Zhang, M. Jiang, S. Tang, and Q. Zhang. 2017. “Cobalt Nanoparticles Induce Lung Injury, DNA Damage and Mutations in Mice.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 14 (1): 38. doi:10.1186/s12989-017-0219-z.
  • Wu, N., K. McDaniel, T. Zhou, S. Ramos-Lorenzo, C. Wu, L. Huang, D. Chen, et al. 2018. “Knockout of microRNA-21 Attenuates Alcoholic Hepatitis Through the VHL/NF-κB signaling pathway in Hepatic Stellate Cells.” American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 315 (3): G385–G398. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00111.2018.
  • Xie, T., J. Liang, R. Guo, N. Liu, P. W. Noble, and D. Jiang. 2011. “Comprehensive microRNA Analysis in Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Identifies Multiple Sites of Molecular Regulation.” Physiological Genomics 43 (9): 479–487. doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00222.2010.
  • Yan, X., H. Liao, M. Cheng, X. Shi, X. Lin, X. H. Feng, and Y. G. Chen. 2016. “Smad7 Protein Interacts with Receptor-Regulated Smads (R-Smads) to Inhibit Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad Signaling.” The Journal of Biological Chemistry 291 (1): 382–392. doi:10.1074/jbc.M115.694281.
  • Yang, S., S. Banerjee, A. de Freitas, Y. Y. Sanders, Q. Ding, S. Matalon, V. J. Thannickal, E. Abraham, and G. Liu. 2012. “Participation of miR-200 in Pulmonary Fibrosis.” The American Journal of Pathology 180 (2): 484–493. doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.10.005.
  • Yu, M., Y. Mo, R. Wan, S. Chien, X. Zhang, and Q. Zhang. 2010. “Regulation of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Expression in Endothelial Cells with Exposure to Metal Nanoparticles.” Toxicology Letters 195 (1): 82–89. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.02.010.
  • Zhang, Q., Y. Kusaka, K. Sato, Y. Mo, M. Fukuda, and K. Donaldson. 1998. “Toxicity of Ultrafine Nickel Particles in Lungs after Intratracheal Instillation.” Journal of Occupational Health 40 (3): 171–176. doi:10.1539/joh.40.171.
  • Zhang, Q., Y. Kusaka, X. Zhu, K. Sato, Y. Mo, T. Kluz, and K. Donaldson. 2003. “Comparative Toxicity of Standard Nickel and Ultrafine Nickel in Lung after Intratracheal Instillation.” Journal of Occupational Health 45 (1): 23–30. doi:10.1539/joh.45.23.
  • Zhang, Y., Y. Mo, A. Gu, R. Wan, Q. Zhang, and D. J. Tollerud. 2016. “Effects of Urban Particulate Matter with High Glucose on Human Monocytes U937.” Journal of Applied Toxicology 36 (4): 586–595. doi:10.1002/jat.3198.
  • Zhang, Y., R. Wan, Q. Zhang, and Y. Mo. 2019. “Application of Gelatin Zymography in Nanotoxicity Research.” Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.) 1894: 133–143.
  • Zhong, X., A. C. Chung, H. Y. Chen, Y. Dong, X. M. Meng, R. Li, W. Yang, F. F. Hou, and H. Y. Lan. 2013. “miR-21 is a Key Therapeutic Target for Renal Injury in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes.” Diabetologia 56 (3): 663–674. doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2804-x.
  • Zhou, F., S. Li, W. Jia, G. Lv, C. Song, C. Kang, and Q. Zhang. 2015. “Effects of Diesel Exhaust Particles on microRNA-21 in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells and Potential Carcinogenic Mechanisms.” Molecular Medicine Reports 12 (2): 2329–2335. doi:10.3892/mmr.2015.3655.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.