1,664
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Article

Assessment of primary and inflammation-driven genotoxicity of carbon black nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo

, ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 526-546 | Received 16 May 2022, Accepted 22 Jul 2022, Published online: 22 Aug 2022

References

  • Baisch, Brittany L., Nancy M. Corson, Pamela Wade-Mercer, Robert Gelein, Andrea J. Kennell, Günter Oberdörster, and Alison Elder. 2014. “Equivalent Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Deposition by Intratracheal Instillation and Whole Body Inhalation: The Effect of Dose Rate on Acute Respiratory Tract Inflammation.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 11: 5. doi:10.1186/1743-8977-11-5..
  • Barfod, Kenneth Klingenberg, Katja Maria Bendtsen, Trine Berthing, Antti Joonas Koivisto, Sarah Søs Poulsen, Ester Segal, Eveline Verleysen, et al. 2020. “Increased Surface Area of Halloysite Nanotubes Due to Surface Modification Predicts Lung Inflammation and Acute Phase Response after Pulmonary Exposure in Mice.” Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 73: 103266. (July 2019): doi:10.1016/j.etap.2019.103266.
  • Bartek, Jiri, Martin Mistrik, and Jirina Bartkova. 2010. “Long-Distance Inflammatory and Genotoxic Impact of Cancer in Vivo.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107 (42): 17861–17862. doi:10.1073/pnas.1013093107.
  • Bendtsen, Katja Maria, Anders Brostrøm, Antti Joonas Koivisto, Ismo Koponen, Trine Berthing, Nicolas Bertram, Kirsten Inga Kling, et al. 2019. “Airport Emission Particles: Exposure Characterization and Toxicity following Intratracheal Instillation in Mice.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 16 (1): 23–23. doi:10.1186/s12989-019-0305-5.
  • Bendtsen, Katja Maria, Louise Gren, Vilhelm Berg Malmborg, Chandra Shukla, Martin Tunér, Yona J. Essig, Annette M. Krais, et al. 2020. “Particle Characterization and Toxicity in C57BL/6 Mice Following Instillation of Five Different Diesel Exhaust Particles Designed to Differ in Physicochemical Properties.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 17: 38. doi:10.1186/s12989-020-00369-9.
  • Bengtson, S., K. Kling, A. M. Madsen, A. W. Noergaard, N. R. Jacobsen, P. A. Clausen, B. Alonso, et al. 2016. “No Cytotoxicity or Genotoxicity of Graphene and Graphene Oxide in Murine Lung Epithelial FE1 Cells in Vitro.” Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 57 (6): 469–482. doi:10.1002/em.22017.
  • Bengtson, Stefan, Kristina B. Knudsen, Zdenka O. Kyjovska, Trine Berthing, Vidar Skaug, Marcus Levin, Ismo K. Koponen, et al. 2017. “Differences in Inflammation and Acute Phase Response but Similar Genotoxicity in Mice following Pulmonary Exposure to Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide.” PLoS One 12 (6): e0178355. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178355.
  • Billing, A. M., K. B. Knudsen, A. J. Chetwynd, L. A. Ellis, S. V. Y. Tang, T. Berthing, H. Wallin, I. Lynch, U. Vogel, and F. Kjeldsen. 2020. “Fast and Robust Proteome Screening Platform Identifies Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in the Lung in Response to Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles.” ACS Nano 14 (4): 4096–4110. doi:10.1021/acsnano.9b08818.
  • Boland, Sonja, Salik Hussain, and Armelle Baeza-Squiban. 2014. “Carbon Black and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Distinct Molecular Mechanisms of Toxicity.” Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology 6 (6): 641–652. doi:10.1002/wnan.1302.
  • Bornholdt, Jette, Anne T. Saber, Anoop K. Sharma, Kai Savolainen, Ulla Vogel, and Håkan Wallin. 2007. “Inflammatory Response and Genotoxicity of Seven Wood Dusts in the Human Epithelial Cell Line A549.” Mutation Research 632 (1–2): 78–88. doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.04.016.
  • Bourdon, Julie A., Andrew Williams, Byron Kuo, Ivy Moffat, Paul A. White, Sabina Halappanavar, Ulla Vogel, Håkan Wallin, and Carole L. Yauk. 2013. “Gene Expression Profiling to Identify Potentially Relevant Disease Outcomes and Support Human Health Risk Assessment for Carbon Black Nanoparticle Exposure.” Toxicology 303: 83–93. doi:10.1016/j.tox.2012.10.014.
  • Bourdon, Julie A., Anne T. Saber, Nicklas R. Jacobsen, Keld A. Jensen, Anne M. Madsen, Jacob S. Lamson, Håkan Wallin, et al. 2012. “Carbon Black Nanoparticle Instillation Induces Sustained Inflammation and Genotoxicity in Mouse Lung and Liver.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 9 (1): 5. doi:10.1186/1743-8977-9-5.
  • Bourdon, Julie A., Sabina Halappanavar, Anne T. Saber, Nicklas R. Jacobsen, Andrew Williams, Håkan Wallin, Ulla Vogel, and Carole L. Yauk. 2012. “Hepatic and Pulmonary Toxicogenomic Profiles in Mice Intratracheally Instilled with Carbon Black Nanoparticles Reveal Pulmonary Inflammation, Acute Phase Response, and Alterations in Lipid Homeostasis.” Toxicological Sciences 127 (2): 474–484. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfs119.
  • Boyles, Matthew, Fiona Murphy, William Mueller, Wendel Wohlleben, Nicklas Raun Jacobsen, Hedwig Braakhuis, Anna Giusti, and Vicki Stone. 2022. “Development of a Standard Operating Procedure for the DCFH2-DA Acellular Assessment of Reactive Oxygen Species Produced by Nanomaterials.” Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods 32 (6): 439–452. doi:10.1080/15376516.2022.2029656.
  • Boyles, M., F. Murphy, W. Mueller, W. Wohlleben, N. R. Jacobsen, H. Braakhuis, A. Giusti, and V. Stone. 2022. “Development of a Standard Operating Procedure for the DCFH2-DA Acellular Assessment of Reactive Oxygen Species Produced by Nanomaterials.” Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods 32 (6): 439–452. doi:10.1080/15376516.2022.2029656.
  • Brunauer, Stephen, P. H. Emmett, and Edward Teller. 1938. “Adsorption of Gases in Multimolecular Layers.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 60 (2): 309–319. doi:10.1021/ja01269a023.
  • Burgum, Michael J., Martin J. D. Clift, Stephen J. Evans, Nicole Hondow, Mark Miller, Sandra Bustamante Lopez, Adam Williams, Afshin Tarat, Gareth J. Jenkins, and Shareen H. Doak. 2021. “In Vitro Primary-Indirect Genotoxicity in Bronchial Epithelial Cells Promoted by Industrially Relevant Few-Layer Graphene.” Small 17 (15): 2002511–2002551. doi:10.1002/smll.202002551.
  • Cao, Yi, Martin Roursgaard, Nicklas Raun Jacobsen, Peter Møller, and Steffen Loft. 2016. “Monocyte Adhesion Induced by Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Palmitic Acid in Endothelial Cells and Alveolar-Endothelial Co-cultures.” Nanotoxicology 10 (2): 235–244. doi:10.3109/17435390.2015.1048325.
  • Cappellini, Francesca, Sebastiano Di Bucchianico, Venkatanaidu Karri, Siiri Latvala, Maria Malmlöf, Maria Kippler, Karine Elihn, et al. 2020. “Dry Generation of CeO 2 Nanoparticles and Deposition onto a Co-Culture of A549 and THP-1 Cells in Air-Liquid Interface — Dosimetry Considerations and Comparison to Submerged Exposure.” Nanomaterials 10 (4): 618. doi:10.3390/nano10040618.
  • Chaudhuri, Ishrat, Claudia Fruijtier-Pölloth, Yufanyi Ngiewih, and Len Levy. 2018. “Evaluating the Evidence on Genotoxicity and Reproductive Toxicity of Carbon Black: A Critical Review.” Critical Reviews in Toxicology 48 (2): 143–169. doi:10.1080/10408444.2017.1391746.
  • Cosnier, Frédéric, Carole Seidel, Sarah Valentino, Otmar Schmid, Sébastien Bau, Ulla Vogel, Jérôme Devoy, and Laurent Gaté. 2021. “Retained Particle Surface Area Dose Drives Inflammation in Rat Lungs following Acute, Subacute, and Subchronic Inhalation of Nanomaterials.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 18 (1): 29. doi:10.1186/s12989-021-00419-w.
  • Danielsen, Pernille Høgh, Katja Maria Bendtsen, Kristina Bram Knudsen, Sarah Søs Poulsen, Tobias Stoeger, and Ulla Vogel. 2021. “Nanomaterial-and Shape-Dependency of TLR2 and TLR4 Mediated Signaling Following Pulmonary Exposure to Carbonaceous Nanomaterials in Mice.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 18: 40. doi:10.1186/s12989-021-00432-z.
  • Danielsen, Pernille Høgh, Kristina Bram Knudsen, Janez Štrancar, Polona Umek, Tilen Koklič, Maja Garvas, Esa Vanhala, et al. 2020. “Effects of Physicochemical Properties of TiO2 Nanomaterials for Pulmonary Inflammation, Acute Phase Response and Alveolar Proteinosis in Intratracheally Exposed Mice.” Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 386: 114830. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2019.114830.
  • Danielsen, Pernille Høgh, Peter Møller, Keld Alstrup Jensen, Anoop Kumar Sharma, Håkan Wallin, Rossana Bossi, Herman Autrup, et al. 2011. “Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and Inflammation Induced by Ambient Air and Wood Smoke Particulate Matter in Human A549 and THP-1 Cell Lines.” Chemical Research in Toxicology 24 (2): 168–184. doi:10.1021/tx100407m.
  • Dell, Linda D., Alexa E. Gallagher, Lori Crawford, Rachael M. Jones, and Kenneth A. Mundt. 2015. “Cohort Study of Carbon Black Exposure and Risk of Malignant and Nonmalignant Respiratory Disease Mortality in the US Carbon Black Industry.” Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 57 (9): 984–997. doi:10.1097/JOM.0000000000000511.
  • Di Giorgio, M. L., S. Di Bucchianico, A. M. Ragnelli, P. Aimola, S. Santucci, and A. Poma. 2011. “Effects of Single and Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Macrophages: Cyto and Genotoxicity and Electron Microscopy.” Mutation Research 722 (1): 20–31. doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.02.008.
  • Di Ianni, Emilio, Johanna Samulin Erdem, Peter Møller, Nicklas Mønster Sahlgren, Sarah Søs Poulsen, Kristina Bram Knudsen, Shan Zienolddiny, et al. 2021. “In Vitro-in Vivo Correlations of Pulmonary Inflammogenicity and Genotoxicity of MWCNT.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 18 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1186/s12989-021-00413-2.
  • Di Ianni, Emilio, Peter Møller, Alicja Mortensen, Józef Szarek, Per Axel Clausen, Anne Thoustrup Saber, Ulla Vogel, and Nicklas Raun Jacobsen. 2020. “Organomodified Nanoclays Induce Less Inflammation, Acute Phase Response, and Genotoxicity than Pristine Nanoclays in Mice Lungs.” Nanotoxicology 14 (7): 869–892. doi:10.1080/17435390.2020.1771786.
  • Di Ianni, Emilio, Peter Møller, Ulla Birgitte Vogel, and Nicklas Raun Jacobsen. 2021. “Pro-Inflammatory Response and Genotoxicity Caused by Clay and Graphene Nanomaterials in A549 and THP-1 Cells.” Mutation Research. Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 872: 503405. doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503405.
  • Donaldson, Ken., Craig A. Poland, and Roel P. F. Schins. 2010. “Possible Genotoxic Mechanisms of Nanoparticles: Criteria for Improved Test Strategies.” Nanotoxicology 4 (4): 414–420. doi:10.3109/17435390.2010.482751.
  • Elder, Alison, Robert Gelein, Jacob N. Finkelstein, Kevin E. Driscoll, Jack Harkema, and Günter Oberdörster. 2005. “Effects of Subchronically Inhaled Carbon Black in Three Species. I. Retention Kinetics, Lung Inflammation, and Histopathology.” Toxicological Sciences : An Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology 88 (2): 614–629. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfi327.
  • Evans, Stephen J., Martin J. D. Clift, Neenu Singh, John W. Wills, Nicole Hondow, Thomas S. Wilkinson, Michael J. Burgum, et al. 2019. “In Vitro Detection of in Vitro Secondary Mechanisms of Genotoxicity Induced by Engineered Nanomaterials.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 16 (1): 8–13. doi:10.1186/s12989-019-0291-7.
  • Evans, Stephen J., Martin J. D. Clift, Neenu Singh, Jefferson De Oliveira Mallia, Michael Burgum, John W. Wills, Thomas S. Wilkinson, Gareth J. S. Jenkins, and Shareen H. Doak. 2017. “Critical Review of the Current and Future Challenges Associated With Advanced in Vitro Systems towards the Study of Nanoparticle (Secondary) Genotoxicity.” Mutagenesis 32: 233–241. doi:10.1093/mutage/gew054.
  • Frikke-Schmidt, H., M. Roursgaard, J. Lykkesfeldt, S. Loft, J. K. Nøjgaard, and P. Møller. 2011. “Effect of Vitamin C and Iron Chelation on Diesel Exhaust Particle and Carbon Black Induced Oxidative Damage and Cell Adhesion Molecule Expression in Human Endothelial Cells.” Toxicology Letters. 203 (3): 181–189. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.03.011.
  • Gaté, Laurent, Kristina Bram Knudsen, Carole Seidel, Trine Berthing, Laëtitia Chézeau, Nicklas Raun Jacobsen, Sarah Valentino, et al. 2019. “Pulmonary Toxicity of Two Different Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Rat: Comparison Between Intratracheal Instillation and Inhalation Exposure.” Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 375: 17–31. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2019.05.001..
  • Gerloff, Kirsten, Catrin Albrecht, Agnes W. Boots, Irmgard Förster, and Roel P. F. Schins. 2009. “Cytotoxicity and Oxidative DNA Damage by Nanoparticles in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells.” Nanotoxicology 3 (4): 355–364. doi:10.3109/17435390903276933.
  • Greene, Mark H., Robert N. Hoover, Raymond L. Eck, and Joseph F. Fraumeni. 1979. “Cancer Mortality among Printing Plant Workers.” Environmental Research 20 (1): 66–73. doi:10.1016/0013-9351(79)90085-9.
  • Hadrup, Niels, Anne T. Saber, Zdenka O. Kyjovska, Nicklas R. Jacobsen, Minnamari Vippola, Essi Sarlin, Yaobo Ding, et al. 2020. “Pulmonary Toxicity of Fe2O3, ZnFe2O4, NiFe2O4 and NiZnFe4O8 Nanomaterials: Inflammation and DNA Strand Breaks.” Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 74: 103303. doi:10.1016/j.etap.2019.103303.
  • Hadrup, Niels, Kukka Aimonen, Marit Ilves, Hanna Lindberg, Rambabu Atluri, Nicklas M. Sahlgren, Nicklas R. Jacobsen, et al. 2021. “Pulmonary Toxicity of Synthetic Amorphous Silica–Effects of Porosity and Copper Oxide Doping.” Nanotoxicology 15 (1): 96–113. doi:10.1080/17435390.2020.1842932.
  • Hadrup, Niels, Stefan Bengtson, Nicklas R. Jacobsen, Petra Jackson, Marek Nocun, Anne T. Saber, Keld A. Jensen, Håkan Wallin, and Ulla Vogel. 2017. “Influence of Dispersion Medium on Nanomaterial-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation and DNA Strand Breaks: Investigation of Carbon Black, Carbon Nanotubes and Three Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles.” Mutagenesis 32 (6): 581–597. doi:10.1093/mutage/gex042.
  • Halappanavar, Sabina, Sybille Van Den Brule, Penny Nymark, Laurent Gaté, Carole Seidel, Sarah Valentino, Vadim Zhernovkov, et al. 2020. “Adverse Outcome Pathways as a Tool for the Design of Testing Strategies to Support the Safety Assessment of Emerging Advanced Materials at the Nanoscale.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 17 (1): 16. doi:10.1186/s12989-020-00344-4.
  • Hilton, G., H. Barosova, A. Petri-Fink, B. Rothen-Rutishauser, and M. Bereman. 2019. “Leveraging Proteomics to Compare Submerged Versus Air-Liquid Interface Carbon Nanotube Exposure to a 3D Lung Cell Model.” Toxicology In Vitro : An International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA 54: 58–66. doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2018.09.010.
  • Høgsberg, Trine, Nicklas Raun Jacobsen, Per Axel Clausen, and Jørgen Serup. 2013. “Black Tattoo Inks Induce Reactive Oxygen Species Production Correlating with Aggregation of Pigment Nanoparticles and Product Brand but Not with the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Content.” Experimental Dermatology 22 (7): 464–469. doi:10.1111/exd.12178.
  • Husain, Mainul, Zdenka O. Kyjovska, Julie Bourdon-Lacombe, Anne T. Saber, Keld A. Jensen, Nicklas R. Jacobsen, Andrew Williams, et al. 2015. “Carbon Black Nanoparticles Induce Biphasic Gene Expression Changes Associated with Inflammatory Responses in the Lungs of C57BL/6 Mice following a Single Intratracheal Instillation.” Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 289 (3): 573–588. doi:10.1016/J.TAAP.2015.11.003.
  • IARC. 2010. “IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.” IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 93: 9–38. doi:10.1136/jcp.48.7.691-a.
  • Jackson, P., K. S. Hougaard, A. M. Boisen, N. R. Jacobsen, K. A. Jensen, P. Møller, G. Brunborg, et al. 2012. “Pulmonary Exposure to Carbon Black by Inhalation or Instillation in Pregnant Mice: Effects on Liver DNA Strand Breaks in Dams and Offspring.” Nanotoxicology 6 (5): 486–500. doi:10.3109/17435390.2011.587902.
  • Jackson, Petra, Lourdes M. Pedersen, Zdenka O. Kyjovska, Nicklas R. Jacobsen, Anne T. Saber, Karin S. Hougaard, Ulla Vogel, and Håkan Wallin. 2013. “Validation of Freezing Tissues and Cells for Analysis of DNA Strand Break Levels by Comet Assay.” Mutagenesis 28 (6): 699–707. doi:10.1093/mutage/get049.
  • Jackson, Petra, Søren P. Lund, Gitte Kristiansen, Ole Andersen, Ulla Vogel, Håkan Wallin, and Karin S. Hougaard. 2011. “An Experimental Protocol for Maternal Pulmonary Exposure in Developmental Toxicology.” Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 108 (3): 202–207. doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00644.x.
  • Jacobsen, Nicklas Raun, Anne Thoustrup Saber, Paul White, Peter Møller, Giulio Pojana, Ulla Vogel, Steffen Loft, et al. 2007. “Increased Mutant Frequency by Carbon Black, but Not Quartz, in the lacZ and cII Transgenes of Muta Mouse Lung Epithelial Cells.” Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 48 (6): 451–461. doi:10.1002/em.20300.
  • Jacobsen, Nicklas Raun, Giulio Pojana, Paul White, Peter Møller, Corey Alexander Cohn, Karen Smith Korsholm, Ulla Vogel, Antonio Marcomini, Steffen Loft, and Håkan Wallin. 2008. “Genotoxicity, Cytotoxicity, and Reactive Oxygen Species Induced by Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and C60 Fullerenes in the FE1-MutaTMmouse Lung Epithelial Cells.” Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 49 (6): 476–487. doi:10.1002/em.20406.
  • Jacobsen, Nicklas Raun, Paul A. White, John Gingerich, Peter Møller, Anne Thoustrup Saber, George R. Douglas, Ulla Vogel, and Håkan Wallin. 2011. “Mutation Spectrum in FE1-Muta-Mouse Lung Epithelial Cells Exposed to Nanoparticulate Carbon Black.” Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 52 (4): 331–337. doi:10.1002/em.20629.
  • Jacobsen, Nicklas Raun, Peter Møller, Keld Alstrup Jensen, Ulla Vogel, Ole Ladefoged, Steffen Loft, and Hålan Wallin. 2009. “Lung Inflammation and Genotoxicity following Pulmonary Exposure to Nanoparticles in ApoE-/-Mice.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 6 (1): 2. doi:10.1186/1743-8977-6-2.
  • Karlsson, Hanna L., Muhammet S. Toprak, and Bengt Fadeel. 2015. “Chapter 4 – Toxicity of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles.” In Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals. 4th ed. edited by Gunnar F. Nordberg, Bruce A. Fowler, and Monica Nordberg, 75–112. Cambridge: Academic Press.
  • Knudsen, Kristina B., Trine Berthing, Petra Jackson, Sarah S. Poulsen, Alicja Mortensen, Nicklas R. Jacobsen, Vidar Skaug, et al. 2019. “Physicochemical Predictors of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube–Induced Pulmonary Histopathology and Toxicity One Year after Pulmonary Deposition of 11 Different Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Mice.” Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 124 (2): 211–227. doi:10.1111/bcpt.13119.
  • Kyjovska, Zdenka O., Nicklas R. Jacobsen, Anne T. Saber, Stefan Bengtson, Petra Jackson, Håkan Wallin, and Ulla Vogel. 2015. “DNA Damage Following Pulmonary Exposure by Instillation to Low Doses of Carbon Black (Printex 90) Nanoparticles in Mice.” Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 56 (1): 41–49. doi:10.1002/em.21888.
  • Loret, Thomas, Emmanuel Peyret, Marielle Dubreuil, Olivier Aguerre-Chariol, Christophe Bressot, Olivier le Bihan, Tanguy Amodeo, et al. 2016. “Air-Liquid Interface Exposure to Aerosols of Poorly Soluble Nanomaterials Induces Different Biological Activation Levels Compared to Exposure to Suspensions.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 13 (1): 58. doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0171-3.
  • Loret, Thomas, Françoise Rogerieux, Bénédicte Trouiller, Anne Braun, Christophe Egles, and Ghislaine Lacroix. 2018. “Predicting the in Vivo Pulmonary Toxicity Induced by Acute Exposure to Poorly Soluble Nanomaterials by Using Advanced in Vitro Methods.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 15 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1186/s12989-018-0260-6.
  • Maeß, Marten B., Berith Wittig, Andrea Cignarella, and Stefan Lorkowski. 2014. “Reduced PMA Enhances the Responsiveness of Transfected THP-1 Macrophages to Polarizing Stimuli.” Journal of Immunological Methods 402 (1–2): 76–81. doi:10.1016/j.jim.2013.11.006.
  • Migliore, L., D. Saracino, A. Bonelli, R. Colognato, M. R. D'Errico, A. Magrini, A. Bergamaschi, and E. Bergamaschi. 2010 May. “Carbon Nanotubes Induce Oxidative DNA Damage in RAW 264.7 Cells.” Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 51 (4): NA–303. doi:10.1002/em.20545.
  • Mikkelsen, Lone, Majid Sheykhzade, Keld A. Jensen, Anne T. Saber, Nicklas R. Jacobsen, Ulla Vogel, Håkan Wallin, Steffen Loft, and Peter Møller. 2011. “Modest Effect on Plaque Progression and Vasodilatory Function in Atherosclerosis-Prone Mice Exposed to Nanosized TiO2.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 8: 32. doi:10.1186/1743-8977-8-32.
  • Modrzynska, Justyna, Trine Berthing, Gitte Ravn-Haren, Nicklas Raun Jacobsen, Ingrid Konow Weydahl, Katrin Loeschner, Alicja Mortensen, Anne Thoustrup Saber, and Ulla Vogel. 2018. “Primary Genotoxicity in the Liver following Pulmonary Exposure to Carbon Black Nanoparticles in Mice.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 15 (1): 2–12. doi:10.1186/s12989-017-0238-9.
  • Møller, P., N. R. Jacobsen, J. K. Folkmann, P. H. Danielsen, L. Mikkelsen, J. G. Hemmingsen, L. K. Vesterdal, L. Forchhammer, H. Wallin, and S. Loft. 2010. “Role of Oxidative Damage in Toxicity of Particulates.” Free Radical Research 44 (1): 1–46. doi:10.3109/10715760903300691.
  • Morfeld, Peter, and, Robert J. McCunney. 2007. “Carbon Black and Lung Cancer: Testing a New Exposure Metric in a German Cohort.” American Journal of Industrial Medicine 50 (8): 565–567. doi:10.1002/ajim.20491.
  • Morfeld, Peter, Kenneth Mundt, Linda Dell, Tom Sorahan, and Robert McCunney. 2016. “Meta-Analysis of Cardiac Mortality in Three Cohorts of Carbon Black Production Workers.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13 (3): 302. doi:10.3390/ijerph13030302.
  • Mroz, R. M., R. P. Schins, H. Li, E. M. Drost, W. Macnee, and K. Donaldson. 2007. “Nanoparticle Carbon Black Driven DNA Damage Induces Growth Arrest and AP-1 and NFkappaB DNA Binding in Lung Epithelial A549 Cell Line.” Journal of Physiolology and Pharmacology 58 Suppl 5(Pt 2): 461–470.
  • Mroz, R. M., R. P. Schins, H. Li, L. A. Jimenez, E. M. Drost, A. Holownia, W. MacNee, and K. Donaldson. 2008. “Nanoparticle-Driven DNA Damage Mimics Irradiation-Related Carcinogenesis Pathways.” European Respiratory Journal 31 (2): 241–251. doi:10.1183/09031936.00006707.
  • Murphy, Fiona A., Anja Schinwald, Craig A. Poland, and Ken Donaldson. 2012. “The Mechanism of Pleural Inflammation by Long Carbon Nanotubes: Interaction of Long Fibres with Macrophages Stimulates Them to Amplify Pro-inflammatory Responses in Mesothelial Cells.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 9 (1): 8. doi:10.1186/1743-8977-9-8.
  • Nymark, Penny, Hanna L. Karlsson, Sabina Halappanavar, and Ulla Vogel. 2021. “Adverse Outcome Pathway Development for Assessment of Lung Carcinogenicity by Nanoparticles.” Frontiers in Toxicology 3: 653311–653386. doi:10.3389/ftox.2021.653386.
  • Pal, Anoop K., Dhimiter Bello, Joel Cohen, and Philip Demokritou. 2015. “Implications of in Vitro Dosimetry on Toxicological Ranking of Low Aspect Ratio Engineered Nanomaterials.” Nanotoxicology 9 (7): 871–885. doi:10.3109/17435390.2014.986670.
  • Peebles, Brian C., Prabir K. Dutta, W. James Waldman, Frederick A. Villamena, Kevin Nash, Michael Severance, and Amber Nagy. 2011. “Physicochemical and Toxicological Properties of Commercial Carbon Blacks Modified by Reaction with Ozone.” Environmental Science & Technology 45 (24): 10668–10675. doi:10.1021/ES202984T.
  • Poulsen, Sarah S., Kristina B. Knudsen, Petra Jackson, Ingrid E. K. Weydahl, Anne T. Saber, Håkan Wallin, and Ulla Vogel. 2017. “Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubephysicochemical Properties Predict the Systemic Acute Phase Response following Pulmonary Exposure in Mice.” PLoS One 12 (4): e0174167. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0174167.
  • Poulsen, Sarah S., Petra Jackson, Kirsten Kling, Kristina B. Knudsen, Vidar Skaug, Zdenka O. Kyjovska, Birthe L. Thomsen, et al. 2016. “Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Physicochemical Properties Predict Pulmonary Inflammation and Genotoxicity.” Nanotoxicology 10 (9): 1263–1275. doi:10.1080/17435390.2016.1202351.
  • Ramanakumar, Agnihotram V., Marie-Elise Parent, Benoit Latreille, and Jack Siemiatycki. 2008. “Risk of Lung Cancer Following Exposure to Carbon Black, Titanium Dioxide and Talc: Results from Two Case-Control Studies in Montreal.” International Journal of Cancer 122: 183–189. doi:10.1002/ijc23021.
  • Saber, A. T., J. Bornholdt, M. Dybdahl, A. K. Sharma, S. Loft, U. Vogel, and H. Wallin. 2005. “Tumor Necrosis Factor is Not Required for Particle-Induced Genotoxicity and Pulmonary Inflammation.” Archives of Toxicology 79 (3): 177–182. doi:10.1007/s00204-004-0613-9.
  • Saber, Anne T., Nicklas R. Jacobsen, Alicia Mortensen, Józef Szarek, Petra Jackson, Anne M. Madsen, Keld A. Jensen, et al. 2012. “Nanotitanium Dioxide Toxicity in Mouse Lung is Reduced in Sanding Dust from Paint.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 9 (1): 4. doi:10.1186/1743-8977-9-4.
  • Saber, Anne Thoustrup, Alicja Mortensen, Józef Szarek, Ismo Kalevi Koponen, Marcus Levin, Nicklas Raun Jacobsen, Maria Elena Pozzebon, et al. 2015. “Epoxy Composite Dusts with and without Carbon Nanotubes Cause Similar Pulmonary Responses, but Differences in Liver Histology in Mice following Pulmonary Deposition.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 13 (1): 37. doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0148-2.
  • Saber, Anne Thoustrup, Keld Alstrup Jensen, Nicklas Raun Jacobsen, Renie Birkedal, Lone Mikkelsen, Peter Moller, Steffen Loft, Håkan Wallin, and Ulla Vogel. 2012. “Inflammatory and Genotoxic Effects of Nanoparticles Designed for Inclusion in Paints and Lacquers.” Nanotoxicology 6 (5): 453–471. doi:10.3109/17435390.2011.587900.
  • Sahu, Devashri, G. M. Kannan, and R. Vijayaraghavan. 2014. “Carbon Black Particle Exhibits Size Dependent Toxicity in Human Monocytes.” International Journal of Inflammation 2014: 1–10. doi:10.1155/2014/827019.
  • Schmid, Otmar, and Tobias Stoeger. 2016. “Surface Area is the Biologically Most Effective Dose Metric for Acute Nanoparticle Toxicity in the Lung.” Journal of Aerosol Science 99: 133–143. doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2015.12.006.
  • Sorahan, Tom, and J. Malcolm Harrington. 2007. “A “lugged” Analysis of Lung Cancer Risks in UK Carbon Black Production Workers, 1951–2004.” American Journal of Industrial Medicine 50 (8): 555–564. doi:10.1002/ajim.20481.
  • Stoeger, Tobias, Claudia Reinhard, Shinji Takenaka, Andreas Schroeppel, Erwin Karg, Baerbel Ritter, Joachim Heyder, and Holger Schulz. 2006. “Instillation of Six Different Ultrafine Carbon Particles Indicates a Surface Area Threshold Dose for Acute Lung.” Environmental Health Perspectives 114 (3): 328–333. doi:10.1289/ehp.8266.
  • Straif, Kurt, Ulrich Keil, Dirk Taeger, Dagmar Holthenrich, Yi Sun, Martina Bungers, and Stephan K. Weiland. 2000. “Exposure to Nitrosamines, Carbon Black, Asbestos, and Talc and Mortality from Stomach, Lung, and Laryngeal Cancer in a Cohort of Rubber Workers.” American Journal of Epidemiology 152: 297–306. https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/152/4/297/67638.
  • Tran, C. L., D. Buchanan, R. T. Cullen, A. Searl, A. D. Jones, and K. Donaldson. 2000. “Inhalation of Poorly Soluble Particles. II. Influence of Particle Surface Area on Inflammation and Clearance.” Inhalation Toxicology 12: 1113–1126. doi:10.1080/08958370050166796.
  • Valero-Mora, P. M. 2010. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • Vesterdal, L. K., P. H. Danielsen, J. K. Folkmann, L. F. Jespersen, K. Aguilar-Pelaez, M. Roursgaard, S. Loft, and P. Møller. 2014. “Accumulation of Lipids and Oxidatively Damaged DNA in Hepatocytes Exposed to Particles.” Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 274 (2): 350–360. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2013.10.001.
  • Wallin, Håkan, Zdenka O. Kyjovska, Sarah S. Poulsen, Nicklas R. Jacobsen, Anne T. Saber, Stefan Bengtson, Petra Jackson, and Ulla Vogel. 2017. “Surface Modification Does Not Influence the Genotoxic and Inflammatory Effects of TiO2 Nanoparticles after Pulmonary Exposure by Instillation in Mice.” Mutagenesis 32 (1): 47–57. doi:10.1093/mutage/gew046.
  • Wang, Xiang, Tian Xia, Susana Addo Ntim, Zhaoxia Ji, Sijie Lin, Huan Meng, Choong-Heui Chung, et al. 2011. “Dispersal State of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Elicits Profibrogenic Cellular Responses That Correlate with Fibrogenesis Biomarkers and Fibrosis in the Murine Lung.” ACS Nano 5 (12): 9772–9787. doi:10.1021/nn2033055.
  • Wils, R. S., N. R. Jacobsen, E. Di Ianni, M. Roursgaard, and P. Møller. 2021. “Reactive Oxygen Species Production, Genotoxicity and Telomere Length in FE1-Muta™Mouse Lung Epithelial Cells Exposed to Carbon Nanotubes.” Nanotoxicology 15 (5): 661–672. doi:10.1080/17435390.2021.1910359.
  • Zhou, Lixiao, Peiyuan Li, Mengyue Zhang, Bin Han, Chen Chu, Xuan Su, Binghua Li, et al. 2020. “Carbon Black Nanoparticles Induce Pulmonary Fibrosis through NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway Modulated by MiR-96 Targeted FOXO3a.” Chemosphere 241: 125075. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125075.