Positive psychology at work: A conceptual review, state-of-practice assessment, and a look ahead

References

• Adler , P. S. and Kwon , S. 2002 . Social capital: Prospects for a new concept . Academy of Management Review , 27 : 17 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen , D. , Shore , L. and Griffeth , R. 2003 . The role of perceived organizational support and supportive human resource practices in the turnover process . Journal of Management , 29 : 99 – 118 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson , L. , Giacalone , R. and Jurkierwics , C. 2007 . On the relationship of hope and gratitude to corporate social responsibility . Journal of Business Ethics , 70 : 401 – 409 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ardichvili , A. 2011 . Invited reaction: Meta-analysis of the impact of psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance . Human Resource Development Quarterly , 22 : 153 – 156 .
   Google Scholar
• Aubé , C. , Rousseau , V. and Morin , E. 2007 . Perceived organizational support and organizational commitment: The moderating effort of locus of control and work autonomy . Journal of Managerial Psychology , 22 : 479 – 495 .
   Google Scholar
• Avey , J. B. , Luthans , F. and Jensen , S. 2009 . Psychological capital: A positive resource for combating employee stress and turnover . Human Resource Management , 48 : 677 – 693 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avey , J. B. , Reichard , R. J. , Luthans , F. and Mhatre , K. 2011 . Meta-analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance . Human Resource Development Quarterly , 22 : 127 – 152 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker , A. B. and Schaufeli , W. B. 2008 . Positive organizational behavior: Engaged employees in flourishing organizations . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 29 : 147 – 154 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbuto , J. E. and Wheeler , D. W. 2006 . Scale development and construct clarification of servant leadership . Group & Organization Management , 31 : 300 – 326 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barling , J. , Weber , T. and Kelloway , E. 1996 . Effects of transformational leadership training on attitudinal and financial outcomes: A field experiment . Journal of Applied Psychology , 81 : 827 – 832 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bass , B. M. 1985 . Leadership and performance beyond expectations , New York , NY : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Blanchard , K. , Carlos , J. and Randolph , A. 2001 . The 3 keys to empowerment: Release the power within people for astonishing results , San Francisco , CA : Berrett-Koehler .
   Google Scholar
• Block , P. 1987 . The empowered manager: Positive political skills at work , San Francisco , CA : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , S. L. , Brown , R. M. and Penner , L. A. , eds. 2012 . Moving beyond self-interest: Perspectives from evolutionary biology, neuroscience, and the social sciences , New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cameron , K. S. 2008 . Positive leadership: Strategies for extraordinary performance , San Francisco , CA : Berrett-Koehler .
   Google Scholar
• Caza , B. B. and Milton , L. P. 2012 . “ Resilience at work: Building capability in the face of adversity ” . In The Oxford handbook of positive organizational scholarship , Edited by: Cameron , K. S. and Spreitzer , G. M. 895 – 908 . New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cheung , F. , Tang , C. and Tang , S. 2011 . Psychological capital as a moderator between emotional labor, burnout, and job satisfaction among school teachers in China . International Journal of Stress Management , 18 : 348 – 371 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christian, M. S., & Slaughter, J. E. (2007, August). Work engagement: A meta-analytic review and directions for research in an emerging area. Paper presented at the 67th annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Philadelphia, PA.
   Google Scholar
• Cole , M. , Bruch , H. and Vogel , B. 2006 . Emotions as mediators of the relations between perceived supervisor support and psychological hardiness on employee cynicism . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 27 : 463 – 484 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole , K. , Daly , A. and Mak , A. 2009 . Good for the soul: The relationship between work, wellbeing and psychological capital . Journal of Socio-Economics , 38 : 464 – 474 .
   Google Scholar
• Cooperrider , D. L. and Godwin , L. N. 2012 . “ Positive organization development: Innovation-inspired change in an economy and ecology of strengths ” . In The Oxford handbook of positive organizational scholarship , Edited by: Cameron , K. S. and Spreitzer , G. M. 737 – 750 . New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cooperrider , D. L. and Sekerka , L. E. 2003 . “ Toward a theory of positive organizational change ” . In Positive organizational scholarship: Foundations of a new discipline , Edited by: Cameron , K. S. , Dutton , J. E. and Quinn , R. E. 225 – 240 . San Francisco , CA : Berrett-Koehler .
   Google Scholar
• Cornum , R. , Mathews , M. and Seligman , E. P. 2011 . Comprehensive soldier fitness: Building resilience in a challenging institutional context . American Psychologist , 66 : 4 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crocker , J. and Canevello , A. 2008 . Creating and undermining social support in communal relationships: The role of compassionate self-image goals . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 95 : 555 – 575 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Culbertson , S. S. , Fullagar , C. J. and Mills , M. J. 2010 . Feeling good and doing great: The relationship between psychological capital and well-being . Journal of Occupational Health Psychology , 15 : 421 – 433 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeRue , D. S. and Workman , K. M. 2012 . “ Toward a positive and dynamic theory of leadership development ” . In The Oxford handbook of positive organizational scholarship , Edited by: Cameron , K. S. and Spreitzer , G. M. 784 – 797 . New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dibble , R. and Gibson , C. B. 2012 . “ Margins, membership, and mobility: Redefining boundaries in collaborative endeavors ” . In The Oxford handbook of positive organizational scholarship , Edited by: Cameron , K. S. and Spreitzer , G. M. 715 – 724 . New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Donaldson , S. I. and Ko , I. 2010 . Positive organizational psychology, behavior, and scholarship: A review of the emerging literature and evidence base . Journal of Positive Psychology , 5 : 177 – 191 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Druskat , V. U. and Wheeler , J. V. 2003 . Managing from the boundary: The effective leadership of self-managing work teams . Academy of Management Journal , 46 : 435 – 457 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutton , J. E. and Heaphy , E. D. 2003 . “ The power of high-quality connections ” . In Positive organizational scholarship: Foundations of a new discipline , Edited by: Cameron , K. S. , Dutton , J. E. and Quinn , R. E. 263 – 278 . San Francisco , CA : Berrett-Koehler .
   Google Scholar
• Eisenberger , R. , Armeli , S. , Rexwinkel , B. , Lynch , P. and Rhoades , L. 2001 . Reciprocation of perceived organizational support . Journal of Applied Psychology , 86 : 42 – 51 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberger , R. , Stinglhamber , F. , Vandenberghe , C. , Sucharski , I. L. and Rhoades , L. 2002 . Perceived supervisor support: Contributions to perceived organizational support and employee retention . Journal of Applied Psychology , 87 : 565 – 573 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmons , R. A. 2003 . “ Acts of gratitude in organizations ” . In Positive organizational scholarship: Foundations of a new discipline , Edited by: Cameron , K. S. , Dutton , J. E. and Quinn , R. E. 81 – 92 . San Francisco , CA : Berrett-Koehler .
   Google Scholar
• Emmons , R. A. and McCullough , M. E. 2003 . Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 84 : 377 – 389 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmons , R. A. and Shelton , C. S. 2002 . “ Gratitude and the science of positive psychology ” . In Handbook of positive psychology , Edited by: Snyder , C. R. and Lopez , S. J. 259 – 471 . New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Feldman , M. S. and Khademian , A. M. 2003 . “ Empowerment and cascading vitality ” . In Positive organizational scholarship: Foundations of a new discipline , Edited by: Cameron , K. S. , Dutton , J. E. and Quinn , R. E. 343 – 357 . San Francisco , CA : Berrett-Koehler .
   Google Scholar
• Fredrickson , B. L. 2001 . The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions . American Psychologist , 56 : 218 – 226 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fry , R. , Barrett , F. , Seiling , J. and Whitney , D. 2001 . Appreciative inquiry and organizational transformation: Reports from the field , Westport , NY : Quorum Books .
   Google Scholar
• Fry , L. W. , Hannah , S. , Noel , M. and Walumbwa , F. O. 2011 . Impact of spiritual leadership on unit performance . Leadership Quarterly , 22 : 259 – 270 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fry , L. W. and Slocum , J. 2008 . Maximizing the triple bottom line through spiritual leadership . Organizational Dynamics , 37 : 86 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gittell , J. 2002 . Coordinating mechanisms in care provider groups: Relational coordination as a mediator and input uncertainty as a moderator of performance effects . Management Science , 48 : 1408 – 1426 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gittell , J. 2003 . The southwest airlines way: Using the power of relationships to achieve high performance , New York , NY : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Greenleaf , R. 1977 . Servant leadership: A journey into the nature of legitimate power and greatness , Mahwah , NJ : Paulist Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hackman , J. R. and Oldham , G. R. 1980 . Work redesign , Reading , MA : Addison-Wesley .
   Google Scholar
• Halbesleben , J. R. B. 2010 . “ A meta-analysis of work engagement: Relationships with burnout, demands, resources, and consequences ” . In Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research , Edited by: Bakker , A. B. and Leiter , M. P. 102 – 117 . New York , NY : Psychology Press .
   Google Scholar
• Harland , L. , Harrison , W. , Jones , J. and Reiter-Palmon , R. 2005 . Leadership behaviors and subordinate resilience . Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies , 11 : 2 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Hatfield , E. , Cacioppo , J. T. and Rapson , R. 1994 . Emotional contagion , New York , NY : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Heaphy , E. and Dutton , J. 2008 . Positive social interactions and the human body at work: Linking organizations and physiology . Academy of Management Review , 33 : 137 – 162 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobfoll , S. E. 1989 . Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress . American Psychologist , 44 : 513 – 524 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs , S. and Blustein , D. 2008 . Mindfulness as a coping mechanism for employment uncertainty . Career Development Quarterly , 57 : 174 – 180 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen , S. M. and Luthans , F. 2006 . Entrepreneurs as authentic leaders: Impact on employees’ attitudes . Leadership and Organization Development Journal , 27 : 646 – 666 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , S. 2009 . Do you feel what I feel? Mood contagion and leadership outcomes . Leadership Quarterly , 20 : 814 – 827 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Judge , T. A. and Piccolo , R. F. 2004 . Transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic test of their relative validity . Journal of Applied Psychology , 89 : 755 – 768 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabat-Zinn , J. 2005 . Coming to our senses , New York , NY : Hyperion .
   Google Scholar
• Kahn , W. 1990 . Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work . Academy of Management Journal , 33 : 692 – 724 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan , R. E. and Kaiser , R. B. 2010 . “ Toward a positive psychology for leaders ” . In Oxford handbook of positive psychology and work , Edited by: Linley , P. A. , Harrington , S. A. and Garcea , N. 107 – 117 . New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kilpatrick , L. , Suyenobu , B. , Smith , S. , Bueller , J. , Goodman , T. , Creswell , J. D. and Naliboff , B. 2011 . Impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on intrinsic brain connectivity . Neuroimage , 56 : 290 – 298 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , W. G. and Brymer , R. A. 2011 . The effects of ethical leadership on manager job satisfaction, commitment, behavioral outcomes, and firm performance . International Journal of Hospitality Management , 30 : 1020 – 1026 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kottke , J. and Sharafinski , C. 1988 . Measuring perceived supervisory and organizational support . Educational and Psychological Measurement , 48 : 1075 – 1079 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuvaas , B. and Dysvik , A. 2010 . Exploring alternative relationships between perceived investment in employee development, perceived supervisor support and employee outcomes . Human Resource Management Journal , 20 : 138 – 156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawler , E. E. , Mohrman , S. and Benson , G. 2001 . Organizing for high performance: Employee involvement, TQM, reengineering, and knowledge management in the Fortune 1000: The CEO report , San Francisco , CA : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Leiter , M. P. and Maslach , C. 2010 . “ Building engagement: The design and evaluation of interventiosn ” . In Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research , Edited by: Bakker , A. B. and Leiter , M. P. 164 – 180 . New York , NY : Psychology Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , S. 2011 . Positive psychology at work: How positive leadership and appreciative inquiry create inspiring organizations , Malden , MA : Wiley-Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Losada , M. and Heaphy , E. 2004 . The role of positivity and connectivity in the performance of business teams: A nonlinear dynamics model . American Behavioral Scientist , 47 : 740 – 765 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luthans , F. 2002 . The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 23 : 695 – 706 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luthans , F. , Avey , J. B. , Avolio , B. J. , Norman , S. M. and Combs , G. 2006 . Positive psychological capital: Toward a micro-intervention . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 27 : 387 – 393 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luthans , F. , Avey , J. B. , Avolio , B. and Peterson , S. 2010 . The development and resulting performance impact of positive psychological capital . Human Resource Development Quarterly , 21 : 41 – 65 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luthans , F. , Avey , J. B. and Patera , J. L. 2008 . Experimental analysis of a web-based training intervention to develop positive psychological capital . Academy of Management Learning and Education , 7 : 209 – 221 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luthans , F. , Luthans , K. , Hodgetts , R. and Luthans , B. 2001 . Positive approach to leadership (PAL) implications for today’s organizations . Journal of Leadership Studies , 8 : 3 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Luthans , F. and Youssef , C. M. 2004 . Human, social, and now positive psychological capital management: Investing in people for competitive advantage . Organizational Dynamics , 33 : 143 – 160 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macik-Frey , M. , Quick , J. C. and Quick , J. D. 2005 . “ Interpersonal communications: The key to social support for preventive stress management ” . In Handbook of stress, medicine, and health , Edited by: Cooper , C. 265 – 292 . Boca Raton , FL : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Masten , A. S. and Reed , M. J. 2002 . “ Resilience in development ” . In Handbook of positive psychology , Edited by: Snyder , C. and Lopez , S. 74 – 88 . New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mayer , D. , Bardes , M. and Piccolo , R. 2008 . Do servant-leaders help satisfy follower needs? An organizational justice perspective . European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology , 17 : 180 – 197 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCullough , M. E. , Emmons , R. A. and Tsang , J. 2002 . The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 82 : 112 – 127 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer , A. D. 1982 . Adapting to environmental jolts . Administrative Science Quarterly , 27 : 515 – 537 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michie , S. 2009 . Pride and gratitude: How positive emotions influence the prosocial behaviors of organizational leaders . Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies , 15 : 393 – 404 .
   Google Scholar
• Mickan , M. S. and Rodger , S. A. 2005 . Effective health care teams: A model of six characteristics developed from shared perceptions . Journal of Interprofessional Care , 19 : 358 – 370 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mills, M. J. (2010). Rethinking the hedonic treadmill within the context of broaden and build theory: Developing resources through positive employees (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.
   Google Scholar
• Mills , M. J. , Culbertson , S. S. and Fullagar , C. J. 2012 . Conceptualizing and measuring engagement: An analysis of the Utrecht work engagement scale . Journal of Happiness Studies , 13 : 519 – 545 .
   Google Scholar
• Norman , S. M. , Avey , J. B. , Nimnicht , J. and Pigeon , N. 2010 . The interactive effects of psychological capital and organizational identity on employee organizational citizenship and deviance behavior . Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies , 17 : 380 – 391 .
   Google Scholar
• O’Driscoll , M. , Poelmans , S. , Spector , P. E. , Kalliath , T. , Allen , T. , Cooper , C. and Sanchez , J. 2003 . Family-responsive interventions, perceived organizational and supervisor support, work-family conflict, and psychological strain . International Journal of Stress Management , 10 : 326 – 344 .
   Google Scholar
• Orzech , K. M. , Shapiro , S. L. , Brown , K. and McKay , M. 2009 . Intensive mindfulness training-related changes in cognitive and emotional experience . Journal of Positive Psychology , 4 : 212 – 222 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson , C. 2006 . A primer in positive psychology , New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Peterson , S. J. , Luthans , F. , Avolio , B. J. , Walumbwa , F. and Zhang , Z. 2011 . Psychological capital and employee performance: A latent growth modeling approach . Personnel Psychology , 64 : 427 – 450 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson , C. and Seligman , M. E. P. 2003 . “ Positive organizational studies: Thirteen lessons from positive psychology ” . In Positive organizational scholarship: Foundations of a new discipline , Edited by: Cameron , K. S. , Dutton , J. E. and Quinn , R. E. 14 – 27 . San Francisco , CA : Berrett-Koehler .
   Google Scholar
• Peterson , S. J. , Walumbwa , F. O. , Byron , K. and Myrowitz , J. 2009 . CEO positive psychological traits, transformational leadership, and firm performance in high technology start-ups and established firms . Journal of Management , 35 : 348 – 368 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purvanova , R. K. , Bono , J. E. and Dzieweczynski , J. 2006 . Transformational leadership, job characteristics, and organizational citizenship performance . Human Performance , 19 : 1 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn , R. and Dutton , J. E. 2005 . Coordination as energy-in-conversation: A process theory of organizing . Academy of Management Review , 30 : 38 – 57 .
   Google Scholar
• Ragins , B. R. and Verbos , A. K. 2007 . “ Positive relationships in action: Relational mentoring and mentoring schemas in the workplace ” . In Exploring positive relationships at work: Building a theoretical and research foundation , Edited by: Dutton , J. E. and Ragins , B. R. 91 – 116 . New York , NY : Psychology Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rhoades , L. and Eisenberger , R. 2002 . Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature . Journal of Applied Psychology , 87 : 698 – 714 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson , J. and West , M. 2010 . “ Dream teams: A positive psychology of team working ” . In Oxford handbook of positive psychology and work , Edited by: Lindley , A. , Harrington , S. and Page , N. New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Riggle , R. , Edmondson , D. and Hansen , J. 2009 . A meta-analysis of the relationship between perceived organizational support and job outcomes: 20 years of research . Journal of Business Research , 62 : 1027 – 1030 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryff , C. and Singer , B. 2003 . “ Flourishing under fire: Resilience as a prototype of challenged thriving ” . In Flourishing: Positive psychology and the life well-lived , Edited by: Keyes , C. and Haidt , J. 15 – 36 . Washington , DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Saks , A. M. 2006 . Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement . Journal of Managerial Psychology , 21 : 600 – 619 .
   Google Scholar
• Saks , A. M. and Gruman , J. 2011 . Organizational socialization and positive organizational behaviour: Implications for theory, research, and practice . Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences , 28 : 14 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Salanova , M. , Agut , S. and Peiro , J. M. 2005 . Linking organizational resources and work engagement to employee performance and customer loyalty: The mediation of service climate . Journal of Applied Psychology , 90 : 1217 – 1227 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaubroeck , J. , Lam , S. and Cha , S. 2007 . Embracing transformational leadership: Team values and the impact of leader behavior on team performance . Journal of Applied Psychology , 92 : 1020 – 1030 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaufeli , W. B. , Salanova , M. , Gonzalez-Roma , V. and Bakker , A. B. 2002 . The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach . Journal of Happiness Studies , 3 : 71 – 92 .
   Google Scholar
• Seibert , S. , Wang , G. and Courtright , S. 2011 . Antecedents and consequences of psychological and team empowerment in organizations: A meta-analytic review . Journal of Applied Psychology , 96 : 981 – 1003 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sekerka , L. E. and McCraty , R. 2004 . “ Understanding the psychophysiology of appreciation in the workplace ” . In Constructive discourse and human organization: Advances in appreciative inquiry , Edited by: Cooperrider , D. and Avital , M. 217 – 239 . Oxford : Elsevier Science .
   Google Scholar
• Seligman , M. E. , Steen , T. A. , Park , N. and Peterson , C. 2005 . Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions . American Psychologist , 60 : 410 – 421 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shamir , B. and Eilam , G. 2005 . What’s your story?: A life-stories approach to authentic leadership development . Leadership Quarterly , 16 : 395 – 417 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw , P. 1997 . Intervening in the shadow systems of organisations: Consulting from a complexity perspective . Journal of Organisational Change Management , 10 : 235 – 250 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skarlicki , D. and Latham , G. 1997 . Leadership training in organizational justice to increase citizenship behavior within a labor unión: A replication . Personnel Psychology , 50 : 617 – 634 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skinner , S. and Kelley , S. 2006 . Transforming sales organizations through appreciative inquiry . Psychology & Marketing , 23 : 77 – 93 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spreitzer , G. M. 1995 . Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement and validation . Academy of Management Journal , 38 : 1442 – 1465 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spreitzer , G. M. 2006 . Leading to grow and growing to lead: Leadership development lessons from positive organizational studies . Organizational Dynamics , 35 : 305 – 315 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stavros , J. M. and Wooten , L. 2012 . “ Positive strategy: Creating and sustaining strengths-based strategy that SOARs and performs ” . In The Oxford handbook of positive organizational scholarship , Edited by: Cameron , K. S. and Spreitzer , G. M. 825 – 839 . New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Steele , J. P. , Rupayana , D. , Mills , M. J. , Smith , M. R. , Wefald , A. J. and Downey , R. G. 2012 . Relative importance and practical utility of positive worker states . Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied , 146 : 617 – 650 .
   Google Scholar
• Stephens , J. P. , Heaphy , E. and Dutton , J. E. 2012 . “ High-quality connections ” . In The Oxford handbook of positive organizational scholarship , Edited by: Cameron , K. S. and Spreitzer , G. M. 385 – 399 . New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sutcliffe , K. M. and Vogus , T. J. 2003 . “ Organizing for resilience ” . In Positive organizational scholarship: Foundations of a new discipline , Edited by: Cameron , K. S. , Dutton , J. E. and Quinn , R. E. 94 – 110 . San Francisco , CA : Berrett-Koehler .
   Google Scholar
• Sweetman , D. , Luthans , F. , Avey , J. and Luthans , B. 2011 . Relationship between positive psychological capital and creative performance . Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences , 28 : 4 – 13 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner , J. , Cummings , G. , Smith , D. , Olson , J. , Anderson , L. and Warren , S. 2010 . The relationship between structural empowerment and psychological empowerment for nurses: A systematic review . Journal of Nursing Management , 18 : 448 – 462 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Walter , F. and Bruch , H. 2008 . The positive group affect spiral: A dynamic model of the emergence of positive affective similarity in work groups . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 29 : 239 – 261 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walumbwa , F. O. , Avolio , B. J. and Zhu , W. 2008 . How transformational leadership weaves its influence on individual job performance: The role of identification and efficacy beliefs . Personnel Psychology , 6 : 793 – 825 .
   Google Scholar
• Walumbwa , F. O. , Wang , P. , Wang , H. , Schaubroeck , J. and Avolio , B. J. 2010 . Psychological processes linking authentic leadership to follower behaviors . Leadership Quarterly , 21 : 901 – 914 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , S. 2011 . Is happiness overrated? . The Wall Street Journal , 60 : D1 – D6 .
   Google Scholar
• Wang , G. , Oh , I. , Courtright , S. and Colbert , A. 2011 . Transformational leadership and performance across criteria and levels: A meta-analytic review of 25 years of research . Group & Organization Management , 36 : 223 – 269 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warren , S. 2011 . “ What’s wrong with being positive? ” . In Oxford handbook of positive psychology and work , Edited by: Linley , P. , Harrington , S. and Garcea , N. 313 – 322 . New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Weigl , M. , Hornung , S. , Parker , S. K. , Petru , R. , Glaser , J. and Angerer , P. 2010 . Work engagement and accumulation of task, social, and personal resources: A three-wave structural equation model . Journal of Vocational Behavior , 77 : 140 – 153 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West , B. , Patera , J. L. and Carsten , M. 2009 . Team level positivity: Investigating positive psychological capacities and team level outcomes . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 30 : 249 – 267 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitney , D. and Cooperrider , D. L. 2000 . The appreciative inquiry summit: An emerging methodology for whole system positive change . OD Practitioner: Journal of the Organization Development Network , 32 : 13 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Wood , A. M. , Froh , J. F. and Geraghty , A. W. A. 2010 . Gratitude and well-being: A review and theoretical integration . Clinical Psychology Review , 30 : 890 – 905 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood , A. M. , Maltby , J. , Gillett , R. , Linley , P. A. and Joseph , S. 2008 . The role of gratitude in the development of social support, stress, and depression: Two longitudinal studies . Journal of Research in Personality , 42 : 854 – 871 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xanthopoulou , D. , Bakker , A. B. , Demerouti , E. and Schaufeli , W. B. 2009 . Work engagement and financial returns: A diary study on the role of job and personal resources . Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology , 82 : 183 – 200 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xanthopoulou , D. , Bakker , A. , Heuven , E. , Demerouti , E. and Schaufeli , W. 2008 . Working in the sky: A diary study among flight attendants . Journal of Occupational Health Psychology , 13 : 345 – 356 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zunz , S. J. 1998 . Resiliency and burnout: Protective factors for human service managers . Administration in Social Work , 22 : 39 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar