‘A question of balance’: Addressing the public health impacts of multinational enterprises in the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises

References

• Anon , 2000 . Review of OECD guidelines for multinationals [online]. British American Tobacco. Available from: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/pmu63a99 [Accessed 19 September 2011] .
   Google Scholar
• Beaglehole , R. , Ebrahim , S. , Reddy , S. , Voute , J. and Leeder , S. 2007 . Prevention of chronic diseases: a call to action . The lancet , 370 : 2152 – 2157 . doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61700-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beaglehole , R. , Bonita , R. , Horton , R. , Adams , C. , Alleyne , G. , Asaria , P. , Baugh , V. , Bekedam , H. , Billo , N. , Casswell , S. , Cecchini , S. , Colagiuri , R. , Colagiuri , S. , Collins , T. , Ebrahim , S. , Engelgau , M. , Galea , G. , Gaziano , T. , Geneau , R. , Haines , A. , Hospedales , J. , Jha , P. , Keeling , A. , Leeder , S. , Lincoln , P. , McKee , M. , Mackay , J. , Magnusson , R. , Moodie , R. , Mwatsama , M. , Nishtar , S. , Norrving , B. , Patterson , D. , Piot , P. , Ralston , J. , Rani , M. , Srinath Reddy , K. , Sassi , F. , Sheron , N. , Stuckler , D. , Suh , I. , Torode , J. , Varghese , C. and Watt , J. 2011 . Priority actions for the non-communicable disease crisis . The lancet , 377 ( 9775 ) : 1438 – 1447 . doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60393-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• British American Tobacco (BAT) , 1981 . Extract from minutes of BATCo Management Board Meeting Held on 15th November 1981 [online]. British American Tobacco. Available from: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ipn38a99 [Accessed 20 September 2011] .
   Google Scholar
• British American Tobacco (BAT) , 1984 . Board discussion draft. Future business environment [online]. Available from: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ldf20a99 [Accessed 20 September 2011] .
   Google Scholar
• Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD , 1975 . Multinational enterprises. January 1975 . Paris : Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD .
   Google Scholar
• Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD , 1978 . Progress report on support for the OECD Guidelines . Paris : Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD .
   Google Scholar
• Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD , 2011 . BIAC statement on the adoption of the update of the OECD Guidelines for Multi-National Enterprises at the OECD Ministerial Council Meeting on 25–26 May 2011 [online] . Paris : Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD . Available from: http://www.biac.org/statements/high_level/11-05-25_BIAC_statement_on_updated_Guidelines_for_MCM_%202011.pdf [Accessed 12 October 2011] .
   Google Scholar
• Cairns , G. , Angus , K. , Hastings , G. , and Caraher , M. , 2012 . Systematic reviews of the evidence on the nature, extent and effects of food to marketing to children. A retrospective summary . Appetite [online]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2012.04.017 [Accessed 3 July 2012] .
   Google Scholar
• Caldwell , L.K. 1996 . International environmental policy: from the twentieth to the twenty-first century , 3rd ed , Durham and London : Duke University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Collin , J. 2012 . Tobacco control, global health policy and development: towards policy coherence in global governance . Tobacco control , 21 : 274 – 290 . doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050418
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Confederation of British Industry (CBI) , 1979 . Newsletter to CBI members interested in issues affecting international investment and multinational enterprises [online], 15 October 1979. British American Tobacco. Available from: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/emt07a99 [Accessed 20 September 2011] .
   Google Scholar
• Confederation of British Industry (CBI) , 1981 . OECD guidelines for international investment and multinational enterprises [online], 27 October 1981. British American Tobacco. Available from: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/rkt07a99 [Accessed from 20 September 2011] .
   Google Scholar
• Connolly , G.N. 1992 . Worldwide expansion of transnational tobacco industry . Journal of the national cancer institute monographs , 12 : 29 – 35 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dunbar , D.S. , 1981 . OECD guidelines [online], 13 March 1981. British American Tobacco. Available from: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/rpn38a99 [Accessed 7 September 2011] .
   Google Scholar
• Edwards , H.J. , 1982 . OECD guidelines – board meeting 26th January [online], 21 January 1982. British American Tobacco. Available from: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/nkt07a99 [Accessed 8 September 2011] .
   Google Scholar
• Framework Convention Alliance , 2012 . Framework Convention Alliance [online]. Available from: www.fctc.org [Accessed 27 August 2012] .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , J.L. , Pomeranz , J.L. , Lobstein , T. and Brownell , K. 2009 . A crisis in the marketplace: how food marketing contributes to childhood obesity and what can be done . Annual review of public health , 30 : 211 – 225 . doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.031308.100304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hastings , G. , Stead , M. , McDermott , L. , Forsyth , A. , MacKintosh , A.M. , Rayner , M. , Godfrey , C. , Caraher , M. , and Angus , K. , 2003 . Review of research on the effects of food promotion to children [online] . Glasgow : The University of Strathclyde . Available from: http://tna.europarchive.org/20110116113217/; http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/foodpromotiontochildren1.pdf [Accessed 18 June 2012] .
   Google Scholar
• Hepple , B. 1999 . A race to the top? International investment guidelines and corporate codes of conduct . Comparative labor law and policy journal , 20 ( 3 ) : 347 – 363 .
   Google Scholar
• Hilton , M. 2009 . Prosperity for all: consumer activism in an era of globalization , Ithaca and London : Cornell University Press .
   Google Scholar
• International Organizations Monitoring Service , 1984 . Environmental protection – OECD – updated on activities affecting MNCs [online] . Washington , DC : International Organizations Monitoring Service . Available from: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/dzh57a99 [Accessed 19 September 2011] .
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins , R. , 2001 . Corporate codes of conduct: self-regulation in a global economy [online] . Geneva : United Nations Research Institute for Social Development Programme . Available from: http://www.unrisd.org/unrisd/website/document.nsf/ab82a6805797760f80256b4f005da1ab/e3b3e78bab9a886f80256b5e00344278/$FILE/jenkins.pdf [Accessed 13 September 2011] .
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins , R. 2005 . Globalization, corporate social responsibility and poverty . International affairs , 81 ( 3 ) : 525 – 540 . doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2346.2005.00467.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legacy Tobacco Documents Library , 2011 . Legacy Tobacco Documents Library [online]. Available from: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/ [Accessed 7 September 2011] .
   Google Scholar
• Mackenzie , R. , Collin , J. , and Lee , K. , 2003 . The tobacco industry documents: an introductory handbook and resource guide for researchers [online]. London: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Available from: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/5c82b367#page-2 [Accessed 13 October 2011] .
   Google Scholar
• Malone , R.E. and Balbach , E.D. 2000 . Tobacco industry documents: treasure trove or quagmire? . Tobacco control , 9 : 334 – 338 . doi: 10.1136/tc.9.3.334
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) , 1975a . Resolution of the Council. Establishing a Committee on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises . Paris : OECD , C(74)247(Final) .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1975b . Summary record of the first meeting held on 3rd–4th March, 1975 . Paris : OECD , IME/M(75)1 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1975c . Multinational enterprises: uniform standards of behavior , 15 April 1975 . Paris : OECD , IME(75)4 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1975d . Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises , 24 June 1975 . Paris : OECD , IME(75)7 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1976a . Draft Report by the Committee on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises to the Council , 12 May 1976 . Paris : OECD , IME(76)15 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1976b . Summary record of the tenth meeting held 20th May 1976 , 26 May 1976 . Paris : OECD , IME/M(76)5 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1976c . Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises . Paris : OECD .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1977 . Summary Record of the Thirteenth Meeting held on 30th March–1st April, 1977 . Paris : OECD , IME/M(77)2 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1978 . Draft guidelines section of the review report . Paris : OECD , DAF/IME/78.29 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1979a . Review of the 1976 declaration and decision on international investment and multinational enterprises . Paris : OECD .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1979b . Second draft of the guidelines section of the review report . Paris : OECD , IME(79)1 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1981a . Orientations and contents of the mid-term report . Paris : OECD , IME(81)23 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1981b . The role of national contact points . Paris : OECD , IME(81)24 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1982 . 1983 Draft Programme Proposals – Project Fact Sheets , 18 March 1982 . Paris : OECD , Addendum to ENV(82)1 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1983a . Draft report on the 1984 review of the OECD 1976 declaration on international investment and multinational enterprises . Paris : OECD , IME(83)14 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1983b . Preparation of the 1984 Review in the Area of the Guidelines , 4 July 1983 . Paris : OECD , DAFFE/IME/83.19 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1983c . Preparation of the 1984 Review in the Area of the Guidelines . May 18 , 1983 . Paris : OECD , DAFFE/IME/83.12 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1985a . Proposal by the Environment Committee concerning Environmental Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises , 4 March 1985 . Paris : OECD , IME(85)11 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1985b . Response to the Environment Committee regarding multinational Enterprises and the protection of the environment , 15 May 1985 . Paris : OECD , IME(85)20 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1985c . Recent events at the ILO concerning the environment , 29 April 1985 . Paris : OECD , IME(85)16 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1985d . Statement concerning a proposed chapter in the Guidelines on environment , 15 May 1985 . Paris : OECD , IME(85)19 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1985e . Comments by TUAC concerning the proposal for Environment Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises , 6 May 1985 . Paris : OECD , IME(85)17 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1986 . The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises , 15 January 1986 . Paris : OECD , IME(85)12(1st Revision) .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1988a . Summary record of the meeting of the Working Group on the Guidelines held on 17th and 18th March 1988 , 30 March 1988 . Paris : OECD , DAFFE/IME/88.14 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1988b . Summary record of the meeting of the Working Group on the Guidelines held on 17th and 18th March 1988 , 30 March 1988 . Paris : OECD , Addendum 1 to DAFFE/IME/88.14 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1988c . Environmental protection and the Guidelines , 1 September 1988 . Paris : OECD , DAFFE/IME/88.22 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1988d . Summary record of the meeting of the Working Group on the Guidelines held 13th October 1988 , 28 October 1988 . Paris : OECD , DAFFE/IME/88.28 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1989 . Summary record of the meeting of the Working Group on the Guidelines held on 9th and 10th October 1989 , 30 November 1989 . Paris : OECD , DAFFE/IME/89.13 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1993 . Publication on the Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises . Paris : OECD , DAFFE/IME(93)/REV2 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1998 . The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises – Issues in the Review , 3 November 1998 . Paris : OECD , DAFF/IME(98)14 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1999a . Review of the substantive provisions in the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises , 9 February 1999 . Paris : OECD , DAFFE/IME(99)1 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1999b . Consultations on the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises , 19 April 1999 . Paris : OECD , DAFFE/IME/(99)9 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1999c . The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises: Framework for the review , 26 March 1999 . Paris : OECD , DAFFE/IME(99)5 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1999d . Trade, investment and sustainable development analytical report outline , 12 December 1999 . Paris : OECD , DAFFE/IME(99)37 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1999e . Codes of Corporate Conduct and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises , 9 June 1999 . Paris : OECD , DAFFE/IME(99)17 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1999f . Summary record of the meeting of the Working Party on the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises held on 23–24 September 1999 , 4 October 1999 . Paris : OECD , DAFFE/IME/WPG/M(99)2 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 1999g . Summary record of the meeting of the Working Party on the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises held on 2–5 November 1999 , 24 November 1999 . Paris : OECD , DAFFE/IME/WPG/M(99)3 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 2000a . The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises: Text, commentary and clarification, 31 October 2000 . Paris : OECD , DAFFE/IME/WPG(2000)15/Final .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 2000b . Information meeting with non-members on the OECD declaration for international investment and multinational enterprises and the guidelines for multinational enterprises . Paris : OECD . Available from: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/62/56/2439128.pdf [Accessed 13 October 2011] .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 2008 . Guidelines for multinational enterprises . Paris : OECD .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 2010 . Organisation for European Economic Co-operation [online]. Available from: http://www.oecd.org/document/48/0,3343,en_2649_201185_1876912_1_1_1_1,00.html [Accessed 13 August 2011] .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 2011 . Guidelines for multinational enterprises . 2011 ed . Paris : OECD .
   Google Scholar
• OECD , 2012 . Members and partners [online]. Available from: http://www.oecd.org/about/membersandpartners [Accessed 27 August 2012] .
   Google Scholar
• OECD Watch , 2011 . OECD Watch statement on the update of the OECD Guidelines for MNEs. Improved content and scope, but procedural shortcomings remain [online] . Amsterdam : OECD Watch . Available from: http://oecdwatch.org/publications-en/Publication_3675/ [Accessed 14 October 2011] .
   Google Scholar
• Richter , J. 2001 . Holding corporations accountable: corporate conduct, international codes, and citizen action , London and New York : Zed Books .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , L.A. and Foxcroft , D.R. , 2009 . The effect of alcohol advertising, marketing and portrayal on drinking behavior in young people: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies . BMC public health [online]. Available from : doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-51 [Accessed 18 June 2012] .
   Google Scholar
• Trade Union Advisory Committee to the OECD (TUAC) , 1975 . TUAC position on the OECD's proposed guidelines for the Multinational Corporations . Paris : Trade Union Advisory Committee to the OECD .
   Google Scholar
• Trade Union Advisory Committee to the OECD (TUAC) , 2011 . The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. Recommendations for Responsible Business Conduct in a Global Context. TUAC Submission to the OECD Working Group of the Investment Committee. September 30, 2011 [online]. Paris: Trade Union Advisory Committee to the OECD. Available from: http://www.tuac.org/en/public/e-docs/00/00/08/E7/document_doc.phtml [Accessed 14 October 2011] .
   Google Scholar
• United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs , 1973 . Multinational corporations in world development [online] . New York : United Nations . Available from: http://unctc.unctad.org/data/e73iia11a.pdf [Accessed 13 August 2011] .
   Google Scholar
• United Nations (UN) , 2010a . The UN “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework for business and human rights [online]. New York NY United Nations Available from: http://198.170.85.29/Ruggie-protect-respect-remedy-framework.pdf [Accessed 13 October 2011] .
   Google Scholar
• United Nations (UN) , 2010b . 10th OECD roundtable on corporate responsibility. Updating the Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. Discussion paper [online]. New York NY United Nations Available from: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/17/35/45545887.pdf [Accessed 13 October 2011] .
   Google Scholar
• United Nations (UN) , 2011 . Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases. Report of the Secretary-General [online] . New York : United Nations . Available from: http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol = A/66/83&Lang = E [Accessed 13 August 2011] .
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO) , 2003 . Framework convention on tobacco control [online] . Geneva : WHO Press . Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2003/9241591013.pdf [Accessed 14 October 2011] .
   Google Scholar
• Yin , R.K. 2002 . Case study research: design and methods , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar