Sex is never the same: Men's perspectives on refusing circumcision from an in-depth qualitative study in Kwaluseni, Swaziland

References

• Auvert, B., Taljaard, D., Lagarde, E., Sobngwi-Tambekou, J., Sitta, R., & Puren, A. (2005). Randomized, controlled intervention trial of male circumcision for reduction of HIV infection risk: The ANRS 1265 Trial. PLoS Medicine, 2, e298. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey, R. C., Moses, S., Parker, C. B., Agot, K., Maclean, I., Krieger, J. N., … Ndinya-Achola, J. O. (2007). Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 369, 643–656. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60312-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P., Poupeau, F., & Discepolo, T. (2001). Masculine domination. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Burtscher, D. (2012). You see it, you know it, but you don’t say it: Community based perceptions of HIV and AIDS testing, counseling and ARV treatment. Retrieved from http://www.norad.no/en/tools-and-publications/publications/reviews-from-organisations/publication?key=405485
   Google Scholar
• Clatterbaugh, K. (1997). Contemporary perspectives on masculinity: Men, women and politics in modern society. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Courtenay, W. H. (2000). Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men's well-being: A theory of gender and health. Social Science & Medicine, 50, 1385–1401. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00390-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fellows, S. (2008). Trafficking body parts in Mozambique and South Africa. Retrieved from http://www.scribd.com/doc/23729111/Trafficking-Body-Parts-in-Mozambique-and-South-Africa-Mozambique-Human-Rights-League
   Google Scholar
• Gray, R. H., Kigozi, G., Serwadda, D., Makumbi, F., Watya, S., Nalugoda, F., … Wawer, M. (2007). Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: A randomised trial. Lancet, 369, 657–666. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60313-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, J., & Britten, N. (1998). Qualitative research and evidence based medicine. British Medical Journal, 316, 1230–1232. doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7139.1230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, J., & Thorogood, N. (2004). Qualitative methods for health research. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Groes-Green, C. (2009). Hegemonic and subordinated masculinities: Class, violence and sexual performance among young Mozambican men. Nordic Journal of African Studies, 18, 286–304.
   Google Scholar
• Igonya, E. K., & Moyer, E. (2013). Putting sex on the table: Sex, sexuality and masculinity among HIV-positive men in Nairobi, Kenya. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 15, S567–S580. doi:10.1080/13691058.2013.815367
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Justman, J., Goldberg, A., Reed, J., Bock, N., Njeuhmeli, E., & Goldzier Thomas, A. (2013). Adult male circumcision: Reflections on successes and challenges. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 63, S140–S143. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e31829875cc
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K4 Health. (2011). Communications guidance. Retrieved from https://www.k4health.org/toolkits/male-circumcision-swaziland/communications-guidance
   Google Scholar
• Kaler, A. (2009). Health interventions and the persistence of rumour: The circulation of sterility stories in African public health campaigns. Social Science & Medicine, 68, 1711–1719. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.01.038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleinman, A. (1980). Patients and healers in the context of culture: An exploration of the borderland between anthropology, medicine, and psychiatry. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lagarde, E., Dirk, T., Puren, A., Reathe, R.-T., & Bertran, A. (2003). Acceptability of male circumcision as a tool for preventing HIV infection in a highly infected community in South Africa. AIDS, 17(1), 89–95. doi:10.1097/01.aids.0000042594.93174.ed
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leichliter, J. S., Paz-Bailey, G., Friedman, A., Habel, M., Vezi, A., Sello, M., … Lewis, D. (2011). ‘Clinics aren’t meant for men’: Sexual health care access and seeking behaviours among men in Gauteng province, South Africa. Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, 8(2), 82–88. doi:10.1080/17290376.2011.9724989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathunjwa, N. (2012, May 20). Accident survivor mysteriously circumcised. The Times of Swaziland, p. 13.
   Google Scholar
• Mor, V., Masterson-Allen, S., Goldberg, R., Guadagnoli, E., & Wool, M. S. (1990). Pre-diagnostic symptom recognition and help seeking among cancer patients. Journal of Community Health, 15, 253–266. doi:10.1007/BF01350291
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morris, B. J., & Krieger, J. N. (2013). Does male circumcision affect sexual function, sensitivity, or satisfaction?—A systematic review. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 10, 2644–2657. doi:10.1111/jsm.12293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ndlela, M. (2012, May 27). Totally against circumcision. The Times of Swaziland, p. 14.
   Google Scholar
• Njeuhmeli, E., Forsythe, S., Reed, J., Opuni, M., Bollinger, L., Heard, N., … Hankins, C. (2011). Voluntary medical male circumcision: Modeling the impact and cost of expanding male circumcision for HIV prevention in eastern and southern Africa. PLoS Medicine, 8, e1001132. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinkerton, S. D., & Abramson, P. R. (1997). Effectiveness of condoms in preventing HIV transmission. Social Science & Medicine, 44, 1303–1312. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00258-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pool, R., & Geissler, W. (2005). Medical anthropology. London: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• PSI Research & Metrics. (2010). Male circumcision TRAC study evaluating the use of male circumcision among males aged 13–29 years in rural and urban Swaziland. Retrieved August 15, 2013, from http://www.psi.org/sites/default/files/publication_files/2010-swaziland_trac_hiv_ml_mc.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ratele, K. (2011). Male sexualities and masculinities. In S. Tamale (Ed.), African sexualities: A reader (pp. 399–419). Cape Town: Pambazuka Press.
   Google Scholar
• Riess, T., Achieng, M., Otieno, S., Ndinya-Achola, J., & Bailey, R. (2010). “When I was circumcised I was taught certain things”: Risk compensation and protective sexual behavior among circumcised men in Kisumu, Kenya. PLoS ONE, 5, e12366. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royal Dutch Medical Association (KNMG). (2010). Non-therapeutic circumcision of male minors. Retrieved from file:///KNMG-viewpoint-Non-therapeutic-circumcision-of-male-minors-27-05-2010-v2.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Skovdal, M., Campbell, C., Madanhire, C., Mupambireyi, Z., Nyamukapa, C., & Gregson, S. (2011). Masculinity as a barrier to men's use of HIV services in Zimbabwe. Globalization and Health, 7(13), 1–14. doi:10.1186/1744-8603-7-13
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Swaziland Ministry of Health. (2012). Swaziland HIV incidence measurement survey (SHIMS): First findings report November 2012. Retrieved from http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/swaziland-hiv-prevention/swaziland-hiv-incidence-measurement-survey-shims-report
   Google Scholar
• Teunis, N. (2001). Same-sex sexuality in Africa: A case study from Senegal. AIDS and Behavior, 5, 173–182. doi:10.1023/A:1011335129358
   Google Scholar
• Tsela, S., & Halperin, D. (2006). Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding male circumcision in the Manzini (central) region of Swaziland. Paper presented at the meeting of AIDS 2006 – XVI International AIDS Conference, Toronto, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Verbrugge, L. M. (1985). Gender and health: An update on hypotheses and evidence. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 26, 156–182. doi:10.2307/2136750
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldron, I. (1988). Gender and health-related behaviour. In D. S. Gochman (Ed.), Health behaviour: Emerging research perspectives (pp. 193–208). New York, NY: Plenum.
   Google Scholar
• Westercamp, N., & Bailey, R. C. (2007). Acceptability of male circumcision for prevention of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa: A review. AIDS and Behavior, 11, 341–355. doi:10.1007/s10461-006-9169-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2012). Progress in scaling up voluntary medical male circumcision for HIV prevention in East and Southern Africa. Geneva: WHO Press.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization and Joined United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. (2007). Male circumcision: Global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety and acceptability. Geneva: WHO Press.
   Google Scholar