Publication Cover
Global Public Health
An International Journal for Research, Policy and Practice
Volume 12, 2017 - Issue 2
1,442
Views
91
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Syndemics of depression, alcohol use, and victimisation, and their association with HIV-related sexual risk among men who have sex with men and transgender women in India

, , , &
Pages 250-265 | Received 21 Aug 2014, Accepted 30 Mar 2015, Published online: 12 Oct 2015

References

  • Baral, S. D., Poteat, T., Stromdahl, S., Wirtz, A. L., Guadamuz, T. E., & Beyrer, C. (2013). World wide burden of HIV in transgender women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 13(3), 214–222. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70315-8
  • Beyrer, C., Baral, S. D., van Griensven, F., Goodreau, S. M., Chariyalertsak, S., Wirtz, A. L., & Brookmeyer, R. (2012). Global epidemiology of HIV infection in men who have sex with men. The Lancet, 380(9839), 367–377. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60821-6
  • Bhanbhro, M. S., & Wassan, R. (2013, July). Stigmatization of Hijras in Pakistan: Social exclusion and sex work. Culture Health & Sexuality, 15, S247–S247.
  • Biello, K. B., Colby, D., Closson, E., & Mimiaga, M. J. (2013). The syndemic condition of psychosocial problems and HIV risk among male sex workers in ho chi minh city, Vietnam. AIDS and Behavior. doi:10.1007/s10461-013-0632-8
  • Brahmam, G. N., Kodavalla, V., Rajkumar, H., Rachakulla, H. K., Kallam, S., Myakala, S. P., … Team, I. S. (2008). Sexual practices, HIV and sexually transmitted infections among self-identified men who have sex with men in four high HIV prevalence states of India. AIDS, 22(Suppl. 5), S45–S57. doi:10.1097/01.aids.0000343763.54831.15
  • Brennan, J., Kuhns, L. M., Johnson, A. K., Belzer, M., Wilson, E. C., Garofalo, R., & Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for, H.I.V.A.I. (2012). Syndemic theory and HIV-related risk among young transgender women: The role of multiple, co-occurring health problems and social marginalization. American Journal of Public Health, 102(9), 1751–1757. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300433
  • Carballo-Dieguez, A., Balan, I., Marone, R., Pando, M. A., Dolezal, C., Barreda, V., … Avila, M. M. (2011). Use of respondent driven sampling (RDS) generates a very diverse sample of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Buenos Aires, Argentina. PLoS One, 6(11), e27447. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027447
  • Chakrapani, V., Babu, P., & Ebenezer, T. (2004). Hijras in sex work face discrimination in the Indian health-care system. Research for Sex Work, 7, 12–14.
  • Chakrapani, V., Boyce, P., & Dhanikachalam, D. (2011). Sexual violence against men who have sex with men in India: Intersections with HIV. New Delhi: National AIDS Control Organisation, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India.
  • Chakrapani, V., & Narrain, A. (2013). Legal recognition of gender identity of transgender women in India: Current situation and potential options. New Delhi: UNDP India. Retrieved from http://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/HIV_and_development/legal-recognition-of-gender-identity-of-transgender-people-in-in.pdf
  • Chakrapani, V., Newman, P. A., Mhaprolkar, H., & Row Kavi, A. (2007). Sexual and social networks of MSM and Hijras in India: A qualitative study. Mumbai: The Humsafar Trust. Retrieved from http://www.indianlgbthealth.info/Authors/Downloads/Report_SxlNeworks_MSM_Hijras_Apr_07.pdf
  • Chakrapani, V., Newman, P. A., & Shunmugam, M. (2008). Secondary HIV prevention among Kothi-identified MSM in Chennai, India. Culture, Health and Sexuality, 10(4), 313–327. doi:10.1080/13691050701816714
  • Chakrapani, V., Newman, P. A., Shunmugam, M., McLuckie, A., & Melwin, F. (2007). Structural violence against Kothi-identified men who have sex with men in Chennai, India: A qualitative investigation. AIDS Education and Prevention, 19(4), 346–364. doi:10.1521/aeap.2007.19.4.346
  • Department of AIDS Control. (2013). Annual report 2012–13. New Delhi: Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. Retrieved from http://www.naco.gov.in/upload/Publication/Annual20Report/Annual20report%202012–13_English.pdf
  • Deuba, K., Ekstrom, A. M., Shrestha, R., Ionita, G., Bhatta, L., & Karki, D. K. (2013). Psychosocial health problems associated with increased HIV risk behavior among men who have sex with men in Nepal: A cross-sectional survey. PLoS One, 8(3), e58099. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058099
  • Dyer, T. P., Shoptaw, S., Guadamuz, T. E., Plankey, M., Kao, U., Ostrow, D., … Stall, R. (2012). Application of syndemic theory to black men who have sex with men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Journal of Urban Health, 89(4), 697–708. doi:10.1007/s11524-012-9674-x
  • Ferlatte, O., Hottes, T. S., Trussler, T., & Marchand, R. (2013). Evidence of a syndemic among young canadian gay and bisexual men: Uncovering the associations between anti-gay experiences, psychosocial issues, and HIV risk. AIDS and Behavior. doi:10.1007/s10461-013-0639-1
  • Go, V. F., Srikrishnan, A. K., Sivaram, S., Murugavel, G. K., Galai, N., Johnson, S. C., … Celentano, D. D. (2004). High HIV prevalence and risk behaviors in men who have sex with men in Chennai, India. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 35(3), 314–319. doi: 10.1097/00126334-200403010-00014
  • Herrick, A. L., Lim, S. H., Plankey, M. W., Chmiel, J. S., Guadamuz, T. T., Kao, U., … Stall, R. (2013). Adversity and syndemic production among men participating in the multicenter AIDS cohort study: A life-course approach. American Journal of Public Health, 103(1), 79–85. doi:10.2105/Ajph.2012
  • Iacobucci, D. (2012). Mediation analysis and categorical variables: The final frontier. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(4). doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2012.03.006
  • India HIV/AIDS Alliance. (2014). Pehchan training curriculum: MSM, transgender and hijra community systems strengthening, Curriculum guide. New Delhi: Author. Retrieved from http://www.allianceindia.org/publications/76497-Curriculum%20Guide.pdf
  • Khan, S. I., Hussain, M. I., Parveen, S., Bhuiyan, M. I., Gourab, G., Sarker, G. F., … Sikder, J. (2009). Living on the extreme margin: Social exclusion of the transgender population (hijra) in Bangladesh. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 27(4), 441–451. doi: 10.3329/jhpn.v27i4.3388
  • Logie, C. H., Newman, P. A., Chakrapani, V., & Shunmugam, M. (2012). Adapting the minority stress model: Associations between gender non-conformity stigma, HIV-related stigma and depression among men who have sex with men in South India. Social Science and Medicine, 74(8), 1261–1268. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.01.008
  • Math, S. B., & Seshadri, S. P. (2013). The invisible ones: Sexual minorities. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 137(1), 4–6.
  • Mimiaga, M. J., Biello, K. B., Sivasubramanian, M., Mayer, K. H., Anand, V. R., & Safren, S. A. (2013). Psychosocial risk factors for HIV sexual risk among Indian men who have sex with men. AIDS Care. doi:10.1080/09540121.2012.749340
  • Mimiaga, M. J., Thomas, B., Mayer, K. H., Reisner, S. L., Menon, S., Swaminathan, S., … Safren, S. A. (2011). Alcohol use and HIV sexual risk among MSM in Chennai, India. Interntional Journal of STD and AIDS, 22(3), 121–125. doi:10.1258/ijsa.2009.009059
  • Mustanski, B., Garofalo, R., Herrick, A., & Donenberg, G. (2007). Psychosocial health problems increase risk for HIV among urban young men who have sex with men: Preliminary evidence of a syndemic in need of attention. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 34(1), 37–45. doi: 10.1007/BF02879919
  • National AIDS Control Organisation. (2007). Targeted interventions under NACP III: Operational guidelines volume I-core high risk groups. New Delhi: National AIDS Control Organisation, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India. Retrieved from http://www.naco.gov.in/upload/Publication/NGOs20and20targetted%20Intervations/NACP-III.pdf
  • National AIDS Control Organisation. (2012). HIV sentinel surveillance 2010–11: A technical brief. New Delhi: Department of AIDS Control, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.
  • Newman, P. A., Chakrapani, V., Cook, C., Shunmugam, M., & Kakinami, L. (2008). Correlates of paid sex among men who have sex with men in Chennai, India. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 84(6), 434–438. doi: 10.1136/sti.2008.031484
  • Newman, P. A., Chakrapani, V., Weaver, J., Shunmugam, M., & Rubincam, C. (2014). Willingness to participate in HIV vaccine trials among men who have sex with men in Chennai and Mumbai, India. Vaccine, 32, 5854–5861. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.08.043
  • Operario, D., & Nemoto, T. (2010). HIV in transgender communities: Syndemicdynamics and a need for multicomponent interventions. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 55(Suppl 2), S91–S93. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181fbc9ec
  • Parsons, J. T., Grov, C., & Golub, S. A. (2012). Sexual compulsivity, co-occurring psychosocial health problems, and HIV risk among gay and bisexual men: Further evidence of a syndemic. American Journal of Public Health, 102(1), 156–162. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300284
  • People's Union for Civil Liberties-Karnataka. (2003). Human rights violations against the transgender community: A study of kothi and hijra sex workers in Bangalore, India. Bangalore: Author. Retrieved from http://www.pucl.org/Topics/Gender/2003/sexual-minorities.pdf
  • Reddy, G. (2005). With respect to sex: Negotiating hijra identity in South India. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Safren, S. A., Thomas, B. E., Mimiaga, M. J., Chandrasekaran, V., Menon, S., Swaminathan, S., & Mayer, K. H. (2009). Depressive symptoms and human immunodeficiency virus risk behavior among men who have sex with men in Chennai, India. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 14(6), 705–715. doi: 10.1080/13548500903334754
  • Shaw, S. Y., Lorway, R. R., Deering, K. N., Avery, L., Mohan, H. L., Bhattacharjee, P., … Blanchard, J. F. (2012). Factors associated with sexual violence against men who have sex with men and transgendered individuals in Karnataka, India. PLoS One, 7(3). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031705
  • Singer, M., & Clair, S. (2003). Syndemics and public health: Reconceptualizingdisease in bio-social context. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 17(4), 423–441. doi:10.1525/maq.2003.17.4.423
  • Singh, S., Pant, S. B., Dhakal, S., Pokhrel, S., & Mullany, L. C. (2012). Human rights violations among sexual and gender minorities in Kathmandu, Nepal: A qualitative investigation. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 12, 7. doi:10.1186/1472-698X-12-7
  • Sivasubramanian, M., Mimiaga, M. J., Mayer, K. H., Anand, V. R., Johnson, C. V., Prabhugate, P., & Safren, S. A. (2011). Suicidality, clinical depression, and anxiety disorders are highly prevalent in men who have sex with men in Mumbai, India: Findings from a community-recruited sample. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 16(4), 450–462. doi:10.1080/13548506.2011.554645
  • Stall, R. M. T., Williamson, J., Hart, T., Greenwood, G., Paul, J., Pollack, L., … Catania, J. A. (2003). Association of co-occurring psychosocial health problems and increased vulnerability to HIV/AIDS among urban men who have sex with men. American Journal of Public Health, 93(6), 939–942. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.93.6.939
  • Talman, A., Bolton, S., & Walson, J. L. (2013). Interactions between HIV/AIDS and the environment: Toward a syndemic framework. American Journal of Public Health, 103(2), 253–261. doi:10.2105/Ajph.2012.300924
  • Thomas, B., Mimiaga, M. J., Mayer, K. H., Perry, N. S., Swaminathan, S., & Safren, S. A. (2012). The influence of stigma on HIV risk behavior among men who have sex with men in Chennai, India. AIDS Care, 24(11), 1401–1406. doi:10.1080/09540121.2012.672717
  • Wilson, E., Pant, S. B., Comfort, M., & Ekstrand, M. (2011). Stigma and HIV risk among Metis in Nepal. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 13(3), 253–266. doi:10.1080/13691058.2010.524247
  • Wim, V. B., Christiana, N., & Marie, L. (2014). Syndemic and other risk factors for unprotected anal intercourse among an online sample of Belgian HIV negative men who have sex with men. AIDS and Behavior, 18(1), 50–58. doi:10.1007/s10461-013-0516-y
  • Yadav, D., Chakrapani, V., Goswami, P., Ramanathan, S., Ramakrishnan, L., George, B., … Paranjape, R. S. (2014). Association between alcohol use and HIV-related sexual risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM): Findings from a multi-site bio-behavioral survey in India. AIDS and Behavior, 18(7), 1330–1338. doi:10.1007/s10461-014-0699-x
  • Yu, F., Nehl, E. J., Zheng, T., He, N., Berg, C. J., Lemieux, A. F., … Wong, F. Y. (2013). A syndemic including cigarette smoking and sexual risk behaviors among a sample of MSM in Shanghai, China. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 132(1–2), 265–270. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.016

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.