Publication Cover
Global Public Health
An International Journal for Research, Policy and Practice
Volume 12, 2017 - Issue 10
647
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Community perceptions of risk factors for interpersonal violence in townships in Cape Town, South Africa: A focus group study

, &
Pages 1254-1268 | Received 26 Jan 2015, Accepted 21 Oct 2015, Published online: 27 Dec 2015

References

  • Abbott, J. (2002). An analysis of informal settlement upgrading and critique of existing methodological approaches. Habitat International, 26(3), 303–315. doi:10.1016/S0197–3975(01)00049-2
  • Abrahams, N., & Jewkes, R. (2005). Effects of South African men's having witnessed abuse of their mothers during childhood on their levels of violence in adulthood. American Journal of Public Health, 95(10), 1811–1816. doi:10.2105/ajph.2003.035006
  • Abrahams, N., Jewkes, R., Hoffman, M., & Laubsher, R. (2004). Sexual violence against intimate partners in Cape Town: Prevalence and risk factors reported by men. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 82, 330–337.
  • Abrahams, N., Jewkes, R., Laubscher, R., & Hoffman, M. (2006). Intimate partner violence: Prevalence and risk factors for men in Cape Town, South Africa. Violence and Victims, 21(2), 247–264. doi:10.1891/vivi.21.2.247
  • Anderson, P., Chisholm, D., & Fuhr, D. C. (2009). Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of policies and programmes to reduce the harm caused by alcohol. The Lancet, 373(9682), 2234–2246. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60744-3
  • Andersson, N., Ho-Foster, A., Mitchell, S., Scheepers, E., & Goldstein, S. (2007). Risk factors for domestic physical violence: National cross-sectional household surveys in eight southern African countries. BMC Women's Health, 7(1), 1–13. doi: 10.1186/1472-6874-7-11
  • Baker, B. (2002). Living with non-state policing in South Africa: The issues and dilemmas. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 40(1), 29–53. doi:10.1017/S0022278X01003809
  • Bauer, B. (2010). Violence prevention through urban upgrading: Experiences from financial cooperation. Retrieved December 8, 2015, from https://http://www.kfw-entwicklungsbank.de/Download-Center/PDF-Dokumente-Sektoren-Berichte/2010_03_Violence-Prevention_E.pdf
  • Biernacki, P., & Waldorf, D. (1981). Snowball sampling: Problems and techniques of chain referral sampling. Sociological Methods & Research, 10(2), 141–163. doi:10.1177/004912418101000205
  • Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Brown, D. W., Riley, L., Butchart, A., Meddings, D. R., Kann, L., & Harvey, A. P. (2009). Exposure to physical and sexual violence and adverse health behaviours in African children: Results from the global school-based student health survey. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 87, 447–455. doi: 10.2471/BLT.07.047423
  • Brown-Luthango, M. (2015). Collective (in) efficacy, substance abuse and violence in ,Freedom Park, Cape Town. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 1–18. doi:10.1007/s10901-015-9448-3
  • Butchart, A., Phinney, A., Check, P., & Villaveces, A. (2004). Preventing violence: A guide to implementing the recommendations of the World report on violence and health. Geneva: Sage.
  • City of Cape Town. (2013). 2011 census surburbs profiles. Retrieved May 15, 2015, from www.capetown.gov.za/en/stats/Pages/2011-Census-Suburb-Profiles-land.aspx
  • Cooney, M. (2003). Privatization of violence. The Criminology, 41, 1377–1406. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2003.tb01023.x
  • Dodson, B. (2010). Locating xenophobia: Debate, discourse, and everyday experience in Cape Town, South Africa. Africa Today, 56(3), 2–22. doi: 10.2979/AFT.2010.56.3.2
  • Doolan, K., Ehrlich, R., & Myer, L. (2007). Experience of violence and socioeconomic position in South Africa: A national study. PLoS ONE, 2(12), e1290. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001290
  • Dunkle, K. L., Jewkes, R. K., Nduna, M., Levin, J., Jama, N., Khuzwayo, N., … Duvvury, N. (2006). Perpetration of partner violence and HIV risk behaviour among young men in the rural Eastern Cape, South Africa. Aids, 20(16), 2107–2114. doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000247582.00826.52
  • Feldbaum, H., Lee, K., & Michaud, J. (2010). Global health and foreign policy. Epidemiologic Reviews, 32(1), 82–92. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxq006
  • Gass, J. D., Stein, D. J., Williams, D. R., & Seedat, S. (2010). Intimate partner violence, health behaviours, and chronic physical illness among South African women. SAMJ: South African Medical Journal, 100(9), 582–585. doi: 10.7196/SAMJ.4274
  • Gibbs, A. (1997). Focus groups. Social Research Update, 19(8), 1–8.
  • Govender, I., Matzopoulos, R., Makanga, P., & Corrigall, J. (2012). Piloting a trauma surveillance tool for primary healthcare emergency centres. SAMJ: South African Medical Journal, 102(5), 303–306. doi: 10.7196/SAMJ.5293
  • Gupta, J., Silverman, J. G., Hemenway, D., Acevedo-Garcia, D., Stein, D. J., & Williams, D. R. (2008). Physical violence against intimate partners and related exposures to violence among South African men. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 179(6), 535–541. doi:10.1503/cmaj.071655
  • Harris, G., & Vermaak, C. (2015). Economic inequality as a source of interpersonal violence: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa and South Africa. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 18(1), 45–57. doi: 10.4102/sajems.v18i1.782
  • Herbert, H. K., Hyder, A. A., Butchart, A., & Norton, R. (2011). Global health: Injuries and violence. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 25(3), 653–668. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2011.06.004
  • Hodgson, A. (2012). South Africa – the most unequal income distribution in the world. Retrieved June 2, 2014, from http://blog.euromonitor.com/2012/06/south-africa-the-most-unequal-income-distribution-in-the-world.html
  • Hyder, A. A., Sugerman, D. E., Puvanachandra, P., Razzak, J., El-Sayed, H., Isaza, A., … Peden, M. (2009). Global childhood unintentional injury surveillance in four cities in developing countries: A pilot study. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 87, 345–352. doi: 10.2471/BLT.08.055798
  • Jewkes, R., Levin, J., & Penn-Kekana, L. (2002). Risk factors for domestic violence: Findings from a South African cross-sectional study. Social Science & Medicine, 55(9), 1603–1617. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00294-5
  • Kapp, C. (2008). Crystal meth boom adds to South Africa's health challenges. The Lancet, 371(9608), 193–194. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60120-8
  • Kerley, K., Xu, X., Sirisunyaluck, B., & Alley, J. (2010). Exposure to family violence in childhood and intimate partner perpetration or victimization in adulthood: Exploring intergenerational transmission in Urban Thailand. Journal of Family Violence, 25(3), 337–347. doi:10.1007/s10896-009-9295-7
  • Krug, E. G., Mercy, J. A., Dahlberg, L. L., & Zwi, A. B. (2002). The world report on violence and health. The Lancet, 360(9339), 1083–1088. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11133-0
  • Latta, R. E., & Goodman, L. A. (2005). Considering the interplay of cultural context and service provision in intimate partner violence: The case of Haitian immigrant women. Violence Against Women, 11(11), 1441–1464. doi:10.1177/1077801205280273
  • Linos, N., & Kawachi, I. (2011). Community social norms as social determinants of violence against women. American Journal of Public Health, 102(2), 199–200. doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300410
  • Livingston, M., Livingston, M., Chikritzhs, T., Livingston, M., Chikritzhs, T., Room, R., … Room, R. (2007). Changing the density of alcohol outlets to reduce alcohol-related problems. Drug and Alcohol Review, 26(5), 557–566. doi:10.1080/09595230701499191
  • Lozano, R., Naghavi, M., Foreman, K., Lim, S., Shibuya, K., Aboyans, V., … Atkinson, C. (2012). Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010. The Lancet, 380(9859), 2095–2128. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0
  • Mathews, S., Abrahams, N., Jewkes, R., Martin, L. J., & Lombard, C. (2009). Alcohol use and its role in female homicides in the Western Cape, South Africa. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 70(3), 321–327. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2009.70.321
  • Mathews, S., Abrahams, N., Martin, L. J., Vetten, L., van der Merwe, L., & Jewkes, R. (2004). Every six hours a woman is killed by her intimate partner: A national study of female homicide in South Africa. MRC Policy Brief, 5, 1–4.
  • Matzopoulos, R., Bowman, B., Mathews, S., & Myers, J. (2010). Applying upstream interventions for interpersonal violence prevention: An uphill struggle in low- to middle-income contexts. Health Policy, 97(1), 62–70. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.03.003
  • Matzopoulos, R., Thompson, M. L., & Myers, J. (2014). Firearm and nonfirearm homicide in 5 South African cities: A retrospective population-based study. American Journal of Public Health, 104(3), 455–460. doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.310650
  • McClure, R. J., Davis, E., Yorkston, E., Nilsen, P., Schluter, P., & Bugeja, L. (2010). Special issues in injury prevention research: Developing the science of program implementation. Injury, 41, Supplement 1(0), S16–S19. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2010.05.001
  • Morgan, D. L., & Krueger, R. A. (1993). When to use focus groups and why successful focus groups: Advancing the state of the art (pp. 3–19). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Narayan, A., Englund, M., Carlson, E., & Egeland, B. (2014). Adolescent conflict as a developmental process in the prospective pathway from exposure to interparental violence to dating violence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42(2), 239–250. doi:10.1007/s10802-013-9782-4
  • Norman, R., Matzopoulos, R., Groenewald, P., & Bradshaw, D. (2007). The high burden of injuries in South Africa. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 85, 695–702. doi: 10.2471/BLT.06.037184
  • Norman, R., Schneider, M., Bradshaw, D., Jewkes, R., Abrahams, N., Matzopoulos, R., & Vos, T. (2010). Interpersonal violence: An important risk factor for disease and injury in South Africa. Population Health Metrics, 8(1), 1–12. doi: 10.1186/1478-7954-8-32
  • Ortiz, I., & Cummins, M. (2011). Global inequality: Beyond the bottom billion a rapid review of income distribution in 141 countries. Child Poverty and Inequality New Perspectives, 149, 1–45.
  • Parry, C. D., Plüddemann, A., Donson, H., Sukhai, A., Marais, S., & Lombard, C. (2005). Cannabis and other drug use among trauma patients in three South African cities, 1999–2001. South African Medical Journal, 95(6), 429–432.
  • Parry, C. D., Plüddemann, A., Louw, A., & Leggett, T. (2004). The 3-metros study of drugs and crime in South Africa: Findings and policy implications. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 30(1), 167–185. doi: 10.1081/ADA-120029872
  • Peek-Asa, C., & Casteel, C. H. (2010). Documenting the need for translational research: An example from workplace violence prevention. Injury Prevention, 16(1), 50–52. doi:10.1136/ip.2009.022756
  • Pieterse, E. A. (2008). City futures: Confronting the crisis of urban development. London, UK: Zed Books.
  • Pillay, A. L., Naidoo, P., & Lockhat, M. R. (1999). Psychopathology in urban and rural/peri-urban children seeking mental health care. South African Journal of Psychology, 29(4), 178–183. doi:10.1177/008124639902900403
  • Pitpitan, E., Kalichman, S., Eaton, L., Cain, D., Sikkema, K., Skinner, D., … Pieterse, D. (2013). Gender-based violence, alcohol use, and sexual risk among female patrons of drinking venues in Cape Town, South Africa. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 36(3), 295–304. doi:10.1007/s10865-012-9423-3
  • Plüddemann, A., Parry, C., Donson, H., & Sukhai, A. (2004). Alcohol use and trauma in Cape Town, Durban and Port Elizabeth, South Africa: 1999–2001. Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 11(4), 265–267. doi:10.1080/156609704/233/289599
  • Ramsoomar, L., & Morojele, N. K. (2012). Trends in alcohol prevalence, age of initiation and association with alcohol-related harm among South African youth: Implications for policy. SAMJ: South African Medical Journal, 102, 609–612. doi: 10.7196/SAMJ.5766
  • Romanovsky, P., & Gie, J. (2006). The spatial distribution of socio-economic status, services levels and levels of living in the City of Cape Town 2001 – to highlight suburbs in need. Cape Town: Information and Knowledge Management Department.
  • Schuler, S. R., Lenzi, R., Nazneen, S., & Bates, L. M. (2013). Is women's empowerment contributing to a decline in intimate partner violence against women in Bangladesh? Evidence from a qualitative study. Studies in family planning, 44(3), doi:10.1111/j.1728-4465.2013.00356.x
  • Schuurman, N., Cinnamon, J., Matzopoulos, R., Fawcett, V., Nicol, A., & Hameed, S. M. (2010). Collecting injury surveillance data in low- and middle-income countries: The Cape Town trauma registry pilot. Global Public Health, 6(8), 874–889. doi:10.1080/17441692.2010.516268
  • Seedat, S., Nyamai, C., Njenga, F., Vythilingum, B., & Stein, D. J. (2004). Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress symptoms in urban African schools: Survey in CapeTown and Nairobi. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 184(2), 169–175. doi:10.1192/bjp.184.2.169
  • Seekings, J., Jooste, T., Muyeba, S., Coqui, M., & Russell, M. (2010). The social consequences of establishing mixed neighbourhoods. Cape Town: Centre for Social Science Research.
  • Shiffman, J. (2009). A social explanation for the rise and fall of global health issues. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 87, 608–613. doi: 10.2471/BLT.08.060749
  • Smithson, J. (2000). Using and analysing focus groups: Limitations and possibilities. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 3(2), 103–119. doi:10.1080/136455700405172
  • Souverein, F. A., Ward, C. L., Visser, I., & Burton, P. (in press). Serious, violent young offenders in South Africa are they life-course persistent offenders? Journal of Interpersonal Violence. doi:10.1177/0886260515570748.
  • Van Der Berg, S. (2011). Current poverty and income distribution in the context of South African history. Economic History of Developing Regions, 26(1), 120–140. doi: 10.1080/20780389.2011.583018
  • Ward, C. L., Artz, L., Berg, J., Boonzaier, F., Crawford-Browne, S., Dawes, A., … Seekings, J. (2012). Violence, violence prevention, and safety: A research agenda for South Africa. SAMJ: South African Medical Journal, 102(4), 215–218.
  • Watt, M. H., Aunon, F. M., Skinner, D., Sikkema, K. J., MacFarlane, J. C., Pieterse, D., & Kalichman, S. C. (2012). Alcohol-serving venues in South Africa as sites of risk and potential protection for violence against women. Substance Use & Misuse, 47(12), 1271–1280. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2012.695419
  • WHO. (2012). Health statistics and health information systems: Disease and injury country estimates. Retrieved May 14, 2015, from http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates/en/index2.html
  • WHO. (2015). People living in informal settlements: General consideration. Retrieved May 14, 2015, from http://www.who.int/ceh/indicators/informalsettlements.pdf

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.