African media coverage of tobacco industry corporate social responsibility initiatives

References

• Abah, B. (2013, October 31). This Day journalist wins inaugural tobacco control journalism fellowship. This Day.
   Google Scholar
• Achia, T. N. (2015). Tobacco use and mass media utilization in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS One, 10(2), e0117219. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Action on Smoking and Health (UK). (2008). BAT's African footprint. Retrieved from http://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_685.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Agaku, I. T., Adisa, A. O., Akinyamoju, A. O., & Agboola, S. O. (2013). A cross-country comparison of the prevalence of exposure to tobacco advertisements among adolescents aged 13–15 years in 20 low and middle income countries. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 11(1), 11. doi:10.1186/1617-9625-11-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahuja, R. V., Kollath-Cattano, C. L., Valenzuela, M. T., & Thrasher, J. F. (2015). Chilean news media coverage of proposed regulations on tobacco use in national entertainment media, May 2011-February 2013. Tobacco Control, 24(5), 521–522. doi:tobaccocontrol-2014-051861
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anti-tobacco bill will lead to 400,000 job losses – Senator Abedibu. (2009, March 9). Leadership.
   Google Scholar
• Asbridge, M. (2004). Public place restrictions on smoking in Canada: Assessing the role of the state, media, science and public health advocacy. Social Science & Medicine, 58, 13–24. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00154-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baafi, A. A. A. (2010, April). Country behind schedule on aspects of tobacco control framework convention, Public Agenda.
   Google Scholar
• BAT against youth smoking. (2001, December 20). Accra Mail.
   Google Scholar
• BAT donates Frw5 million computers. (2006, June 26). The New Times.
   Google Scholar
• BAT gives c115 m to 3 institutions. (2001, November 8). Ghanaian Chronicle.
   Google Scholar
• BATU delivers 60% share issue. (2003, May 22). New Vision.
   Google Scholar
• British American Tobacco builds $6 m staff clinic. (2002, October 30). The Daily News.
   Google Scholar
• British American Tobacco Nigeria. (2014). The BATN Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.batnigeria.com/group/sites/BAT_7YKM7R.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/DO7YLFVN?opendocument
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter, S. (2008). How online citizen journalism publications and online newspapers utilize the objectivity standard and rely on external sources. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 85(3), 531–548. doi: 10.1177/107769900808500304
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Champion, D., & Chapman, S. (2005). Framing pub smoking bans: An analysis of Australian print news media coverage, March 1996-March 2003. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 59(8), 679–684. doi:10.1136/jech.2005.035915
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorfman, L., Wallack, L., & Woodruff, K. (2005). More than a message: Framing public health advocacy to change corporate practices. Health Education & Behavior, 32(3), 320–336. doi: 10.1177/1090198105275046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drope, J. (Ed.). (2011). Tobacco control in Africa: People, politics, and policies. New York, NY: Anthem Press.
   Google Scholar
• D'Souza, J. (2013, June 5). Regulation of tobacco industry should be fair to all stakeholders. The Monitor.
   Google Scholar
• Durrant, R., Wakefield, M., McLeod, K., Clegg-Smith, K., & Chapman, S. (2003). Tobacco in the news: An analysis of newspaper coverage of tobacco issues in Australia, 2001. Tobacco Control, 12(Suppl. 2), ii75–8.1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ekwujuru, P. (2013, June 9). No tobacco day – BAT cautions on stifling legal tobacco industry. Vanguard. Retrieved from http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/06/no-tobacco-day-bat-cautions-on-stifling-legal-tobacco-industry/
   Google Scholar
• Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farmers bag Sh3b. (2003, May 10). New Vision.
   Google Scholar
• Fooks, G. J., & Gilmore, A. B. (2013). Corporate philanthropy, political influence, and health policy. PLoS One, 8(11), e80864. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fooks, G. J., Gilmore, A. B., Smith, K. E., Collin, J., Holden, C., & Lee, K. (2011). Corporate social responsibility and access to policy elites: An analysis of tobacco industry documents. PLoS Medicine, 8(8), e1001076. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilmore, A. B., Fooks, G., Drope, J., Bialous, S. A., & Jackson, R. R. (2015). Exposing and addressing tobacco industry conduct in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet, 385(9972), 1029–1043. doi: S0140-6736(15)60312-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glantz, S. A. (2011). Primer of biostatistics (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill Medical.
   Google Scholar
• Gwet, K. (2008). Computing inter-rater reliability and its variance in the presence of high agreement. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 61, 29–48. doi: 10.1348/000711006X126600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haruna, G. (2007, November 5). Tobacco's harvest of evils to humans, economy, This Day.
   Google Scholar
• Haruna, G. (2013, September 26). ‘Tobacco money worse than blood diamonds’, This Day.
   Google Scholar
• Hilton, S., Wood, K., Bain, J., Patterson, C., Duffy, S., & Semple, S. (2014). Newsprint coverage of smoking in cars carrying children: A case study of public and scientific opinion driving the policy debate. BMC Public Health, 14, 1116. doi:1471-2458-14-1116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirschhorn, N. (2004). Corporate social responsibility and the tobacco industry: Hope or hype? Tobacco Control, 13(4), 447–453. doi: 10.1136/tc.2003.006676
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ihugba, B. U. (2012). CSR stakeholder engagement and Nigerian tobacco manufacturing sub-sector. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 3(1), 42–63. doi: 10.1108/20400701211197276
   Google Scholar
• Jacob, M. (2013, July 15). Tobacco firm donates school desks. Tanzania Daily News.
   Google Scholar
• Kingdon, J. (1984). Agenda, alternatives, and public policies. Boston: Little, Brown, and Co.
   Google Scholar
• Kwansah-Aidoo, K. (2001). The appeal of qualitative methods to traditional agenda-setting research: An example from West Africa. International Communication Gazette, 63(6), 521–537. doi: 10.1177/0016549201063006004
   Google Scholar
• Kwansah-Aidoo, K. (2003). Events that matter: Specific incidents, media coverage, and agenda-setting in a Ghanaian context. Canadian Journal of Communication, 28, 43–66. doi: 10.22230/cjc.2003v28n1a1340
   Google Scholar
• Landman, A., Ling, P. M., & Glantz, S. A. (2002). Tobacco industry youth smoking prevention programs: Protecting the industry and hurting tobacco control. American Journal of Public Health, 92(6), 917–930. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.92.6.917
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S., Ling, P. M., & Glantz, S. A. (2012). The vector of the tobacco epidemic: Tobacco industry practices in low and middle-income countries. Cancer Causes and Control, 23(Suppl. 1), 117–129. doi:10.1007/s10552-012-9914-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCombs, M. E., & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The agenda-setting function of mass media. Public Opinion Quarterly, 36(2), 176–187. doi: 10.1086/267990
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDaniel, P. A., & Malone, R. E. (2012). British American Tobacco's partnership with Earthwatch Europe and its implications for public health. Global Public Health, 7(1), 14–28. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2010.549832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menashe, C. L., & Siegel, M. (1998). The power of a frame: An analysis of newspaper coverage of tobacco issues – United States, 1985–1996. Journal of Health Communication, 3(4), 307–325. doi: 10.1080/108107398127139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendez, D., Alshanqeety, O., & Warner, K. E. (2013). The potential impact of smoking control policies on future global smoking trends. Tobacco Control, 22(1), 46–51. doi:tobaccocontrol-2011-050147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niederdeppe, J., Farrelly, M. C., Thomas, K. Y., Wenter, D., & Weitzenkamp, D. (2007). Newspaper coverage as indirect effects of a health communication intervention: The Florida Tobacco Control Program and youth smoking. Communication Research, 34(4), 382–405. doi: 10.1177/0093650207302784
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigeria Tobacco Situational Analysis Coalition, & Drope, J. (2011). Nigeria. In J. Drope (Ed.), Tobacco control in Africa: People, politics, and policies (pp. 201–218). New York, NY: Anthem Press.
   Google Scholar
• Obi, I. (2009, August 5). Tobacco control bill: Making a choice between economy and citizen's health. Business Day.
   Google Scholar
• Otanez, M., & Glantz, S. A. (2011). Social responsibility in tobacco production? Tobacco companies’ use of green supply chains to obscure the real costs of tobacco farming. Tobacco Control, 20(6), 403–411. doi:tc.2010.039537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyo government partners BATN on education. (2009, December 23). Daily Champion.
   Google Scholar
• Peeters, S., & Gilmore, A. B. (2015). Understanding the emergence of the tobacco industry's use of the term tobacco harm reduction in order to inform public health policy. Tobacco Control, 24(2), 182–189. doi:tobaccocontrol-2013-051502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce, J. P., & Gilpin, E. A. (2001). News media coverage of smoking and health is associated with changes in population rates of smoking cessation but not initiation. Tobacco Control, 10(2), 145–153. doi: 10.1136/tc.10.2.145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt, C. B., Ha, L., & Pratt, C. A. (2002). Setting the public health agenda on major diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: African popular magazines and medical journals, 1981–1997. Journal of Communication, 52(4), 889–904.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serino, T. K. (2010). ‘Setting the agenda’: The production of opinion at the Sunday Times. Social Dynamics, 36(1), 99–111. doi: 10.1080/02533950903561312
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silumbu, A. (2013, November 15). Premium TAMA donates learning materials worth K1 million to Mangochi schools. Malawi News Agency.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, K. C., McLeod, K., & Wakefield, M. (2005). Australian letters to the editor on tobacco: Triggers, rhetoric, and claims to legitimate voice. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1180–1198. doi: 10.1177/1049732305279145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, K. C., Wakefield, M., & Edsall, E. (2006). The good news about smoking: How do U.S. newspapers cover tobacco issues? Journal of Public Health Policy, 27(2), 166–181. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jphp.3200079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, K. C., Wakefield, M. A., Terry-McElrath, Y., Chaloupka, F. J., Flay, B., & Johnston, L. (2008). Relation between newspaper coverage of tobacco issues and smoking attitudes and behaviour among American teens. Tobacco Control, 17(1), 17–24. doi: 10.1136/tc.2007.020495
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tesler, L. E., & Malone, R. E. (2008). Corporate philanthropy, lobbying, and public health policy. American Journal of Public Health, 98(12), 2123–2133. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.128231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The campaign against tobacco. (2006, 18 May). This Day.
   Google Scholar
• Tobacco company spreads lies and deception – WHO. (2002, March 7). South African Press Association.
   Google Scholar
• Tobacco firms should be socially responsible. (2008, June 18). New Vision.
   Google Scholar
• Tobacco … fresh challenges before healthcare givers. (2008, January 21). This Day.
   Google Scholar
• To smoke or not to smoke. (2007, November 20). Daily Trust.
   Google Scholar
• Tumwine, J. (2007, August 27). BAT sponsorship unacceptable. East African Business Week.
   Google Scholar
• Tumwine, J. (2011). Implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in Africa: Current status of legislation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(11), 4312–4331. doi:10.3390/ijerph8114312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Twenty-five billion up in smoke. (2002, June 26). South African Press Association.
   Google Scholar
• Ultimatum on tobacco advert unrealistic, says body. (2001, August 21). The Guardian.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. (2015). United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved from https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IX-4&chapter=9&lang=en
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Development Program. (2011). Adult literacy rate, both sexes (% aged 15 and above). Retrieved from http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/101406.html
   Google Scholar
• Walters, L. M., & Walters, T. N. (1992). Environment of confidence: Daily newspaper use of press releases. Public Relations Review, 18(1), 31–46. doi: 10.1016/0363-8111(92)90019-U
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2008a). Guidelines for implementation of Article 5.3 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/fctc/guidelines/article_5_3.pdf
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2008b). Guidelines for implementation of Article 13 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (Tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/fctc/guidelines/article_13.pdf?ua=1
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2011). WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: Guidelines for implementation. Retrieved from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241501316_eng.pdf
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2015a). The African regional health report: The health of the people. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/bulletin/africanhealth/en/
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2015b). WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2015: Raising taxes on tobacco. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/178574/1/9789240694606_eng.pdf?ua=1
   Google Scholar