References
- TIERS. (2019). 2018 Report on Human Rights Violations based on Real or Perceived Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Nigeria. 1–40.
- Ahaneku, H., Ross, M. W., Nyoni, J. E., Selwyn, B., Troisi, C., Mbwambo, J., Adeboye, A., & McCurdy, S. (2016). Depression and HIV risk among men who have sex with men in Tanzania. AIDS Care, 28(supp. 1), 140–147. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1146207
- Allman, D., Adebajo, S., Myers, T., Odumuye, O., & Ogunsola, S. (2007). Challenges for the sexual health and social acceptance of men who have sex with men in Nigeria. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 9(2), 153–168. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13691050601040480
- Bostwick, W. B., Boyd, C. J., Hughes, T. L., West, B. T., & McCabe, S. E. (2014). Discrimination and mental health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 84(1), 35. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/h0098851
- Bourne, A., & Weatherburn, P. (2017). Substance use among men who have sex with men: Patterns, motivations, impacts and intervention development need. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 93(5), 342–346. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2016-052674
- Cameron, R. P., & Gusman, D. (2003). The primary care PTSD screen (PC-PTSD): development and operating characteristics. Primary Care Psychiatry, 9(1), 9–14.
- Eluwa, G. I., Adebajo, S. B., Eluwa, T., Ogbanufe, O., Ilesanmi, O., & Nzelu, C. (2019). Rising HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men in Nigeria: A trend analysis. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1201. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7540-4
- Feinstein, B. A., & Newcomb, M. E. (2016). The role of substance use motives in the associations between minority stressors and substance use problems among young men who have sex with men. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 3(3), 357. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000185
- Fereday, J., & Muir-Cochrane, E. (2006). Demonstrating rigor using thematic analysis: A hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 5(1), 80–92. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690600500107
- Gladstone, R. (2014). Nigerian President signs ban on same-sex relationships. The New York Times.
- Goldbach, J. T., Tanner-Smith, E. E., Bagwell, M., & Dunlap, S. (2014). Minority stress and substance use in sexual minority adolescents: A meta-analysis. Prevention Science, 15(3), 350–363. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-013-0393-7
- Hamilton, C. J., & Mahalik, J. R. (2009). Minority stress, masculinity, and social norms predicting gay men’s health risk behaviors. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(1), 132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014440
- Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Erickson, S. J. (2008). Minority stress predictors of HIV risk behavior, substance use, and depressive symptoms: Results from a prospective study of bereaved gay men. Health Psychology, 27(4), 455. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.27.4.455
- Kelleher, C. (2009). Minority stress and health: Implications for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) young people. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 22(4), 373–379. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070903334995
- Lane, T., Shade, S. B., McIntyre, J., & Morin, S. F. (2008). Alcohol and sexual risk behavior among men who have sex with men in South African township communities. AIDS and Behavior, 12(1), 78–85. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-008-9389-x
- Lauby, J., Zhu, L., Milnamow, M., Batson, H., Bond, L., Curran-Groome, W., & Carson, L. (2017). Get real: Evaluation of a community-level HIV prevention intervention for young MSM who engage in episodic substance use. AIDS Education and Prevention, 29(3), 191–204. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2017.29.3.191
- Lewis, R. J., Derlega, V. J., Griffin, J. L., & Krowinski, A. C. (2003). Stressors for gay men and lesbians: Life stress, gay-related stress, stigma consciousness, and depressive symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 22(6), 716–729. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.22.6.716.22932
- Makanjuola, O., Folayan, M. O., & Oginni, O. A. (2018). On being gay in Nigeria: Discrimination, mental health distress, and coping. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 22(4), 372–384. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2018.1482809
- Mays, V. M., & Cochran, S. D. (2001). Mental health correlates of perceived discrimination among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 91(11), 1869–1876. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.91.11.1869
- McAdams-Mahmoud, A., Stephenson, R., Rentsch, C., Cooper, H., Arriola, K. J., Jobson, G., De Swardt, G., Struthers, H., & McIntyre, J. (2014). Minority stress in the lives of men who have sex with men in Cape Town, South Africa. Journal of Homosexuality, 61(6), 847–867. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2014.870454
- Melhado, L. (2015). In Nigeria, anti-gay law associated with increased stigma and discrimination. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 41(3), 167. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1363/intsexrephea.41.3.167
- Meyer, I. H., & Frost, D. M. (2013). Minority stress and the health of sexual minorities. Handbook of Psychology and Sexual Orientation, 252–266.
- Nwazuoke, A. N., & Igwe, C. A. (2016). A critical review of Nigeria’s same sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act. JL Pol’y & Globalization, 45, 179.
- Odukoya, O. O., Sekoni, A. O., Alagbe, S. O., & Odeyemi, K. (2017). Tobacco and alcohol use among a sample of men who have sex with men in Lagos state, Nigeria. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research, 7(1), 30–38.
- Oginni, O. A., Mapayi, B. M., Afolabi, O. T., Obiajunwa, C., & Oloniniyi, I. O. (2019). Internalized homophobia, coping, and quality of life among Nigerian gay and bisexual men. Journal of Homosexuality, 1–24.
- Oginni, O. A., Mosaku, K. S., Mapayi, B. M., Akinsulore, A., & Afolabi, T. O. (2018). Depression and associated factors among gay and heterosexual male university students in Nigeria. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 47(4), 1119–1132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-017-0987-4
- Ogunbajo, A., Iwuagwu, S., Williams, R., Biello, K., & Mimiaga, M. J. (2019). Awareness, willingness to use, and history of HIV PrEP use among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Nigeria. PloS One, 14(12), https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226384
- Ogunbajo, A., Kang, A., Shangani, S., Wade, R. M., Onyango, D. P., Odero, W. W., & Harper, G. W. (2019). Awareness and Acceptability of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in Kenya. AIDS Care, 1–8.
- Ogunbajo, A., Leblanc, N. M., Kushwaha, S., Boakye, F., Hanson, S., Smith, M. D., & Nelson, L. E. (2019). Knowledge and acceptability of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Ghana. AIDS Care, 1–7.
- Ogunbajo, A., Oke, T., Jin, H., Rashidi, W., Iwuagwu, S., Harper, G. W., Biello, K. B., & Mimiaga, M. J. (2019). A syndemic of psychosocial health problems is associated with increased HIV sexual risk among Nigerian gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). AIDS Care, 1–6.
- Omar Martinez, J., Wilson, K., & Arreola, S. High prevalence of social and structural syndemic conditions associated with poor psychological quality of life among a large global sample of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men. Oceania; A Journal Devoted To the Study of the Native Peoples of Australia, New Guinea, and the Islands of the Pacific, 88, 4.
- Pachankis, J. E. (2014). Uncovering clinical principles and techniques to address minority stress, mental health, and related health risks among gay and bisexual men. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 21(4), 313–330. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/cpsp.12078
- Pachankis, J. E., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Rendina, H. J., Safren, S. A., & Parsons, J. T. (2015). LGB-affirmative cognitive-behavioral therapy for young adult gay and bisexual men: A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic minority stress approach. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 83(5), 875. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000037
- Reback, C. J., Fletcher, J. B., Swendeman, D. A., & Metzner, M. (2019). Theory-based text-messaging to reduce methamphetamine use and HIV sexual risk behaviors among men who have sex with men: Automated unidirectional delivery outperforms bidirectional peer interactive delivery. AIDS and Behavior, 23(1), 37–47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2225-z
- Rodriguez-Hart, C., Bradley, C., German, D., Musci, R., Orazulike, I., Baral, S., Liu, H., Crowell, T. A., Charurat, M., & Nowak, R. G. (2018). The synergistic impact of sexual stigma and psychosocial well-being on HIV testing: A mixed-methods study among Nigerian men who have sex with men. AIDS and Behavior, 22(12), 3905–3915. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2191-5
- Sandfort, T. G., Knox, J. R., Alcala, C., El-Bassel, N., Kuo, I., & Smith, L. R. (2017). Substance use and HIV risk among men who have sex with men in Africa: A systematic review. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999), 76(2), e34–e46. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000001462
- Schwartz, S. R., Nowak, R. G., Orazulike, I., Keshinro, B., Ake, J., Kennedy, S., Njoku, O., Blattner, W. A., Charurat, M. E., & Baral, S. D. (2015). The immediate effect of the same-sex Marriage Prohibition Act on stigma, discrimination, and engagement on HIV prevention and treatment services in men who have sex with men in Nigeria: Analysis of prospective data from the TRUST cohort. The Lancet HIV, 2(7), e299–e306. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(15)00078-8
- Sekoni, A. O., Ayoola, O. O., & Somefun, E. O. (2015). Experiences of social oppression among men who have sex with men in a cosmopolitan city in Nigeria. HIV/AIDS (Auckland, NZ), 7, 21.
- Shoptaw, S., Reback, C. J., Larkins, S., Wang, P.-C., Rotheram-Fuller, E., Dang, J., & Yang, X. (2008). Outcomes using two tailored behavioral treatments for substance abuse in urban gay and bisexual men. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 35(3), 285–293. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2007.11.004
- Stahlman, S., Grosso, A., Ketende, S., Pitche, V., Kouanda, S., Ceesay, N., Ouedraogo, H. G., Ky-Zerbo, O., Lougue, M., & Diouf, D. (2016). Suicidal ideation among MSM in three West African countries: Associations with stigma and social capital. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 62(6), 522–531. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764016663969
- Stoloff, K., Joska, J. A., Feast, D., De Swardt, G., Hugo, J., Struthers, H., McIntyre, J., & Rebe, K. (2013). A description of common mental disorders in men who have sex with men (MSM) referred for assessment and intervention at an MSM clinic in Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS and Behavior, 17(1), 77–81. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-013-0430-3
- Vu, L., Adebajo, S., Tun, W., Sheehy, M., Karlyn, A., Njab, J., Azeez, A., & Ahonsi, B. (2013). High HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men in Nigeria: Implications for combination prevention. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 63(2), 221–227. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e31828a3e60