References
- ADB (Asian Development Bank). (2020). Global shortage of personal protective equipment amid COVID-19: Supply chains, bottlenecks, and policy Implications. ADB.
- Ali, S., Asaria, M., & Stanges, S. (2020). COVID-19 and inequality: Are we all in this together? Canadian Journal of Public Health, 111(3), 415–416. https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-020-00351-0
- Aljazeera. (2020). US to pay Pfizer, BioNTech nearly $2bn for COVID-19 vaccines. Retrieved July 23, 2020, from https://www.aljazeera.com/ajimpact/pay-pfizer-biontech-2bn-covid-19-vaccines-200722130058951.html
- Ben-Achour, S. (2020). How much will a coronavirus vaccine cost? Retrieved July 9, 2020, from https://www.marketplace.org/2020/07/17/how-much-will-coronavirus-vaccine-cost/
- Bhala, N., Curry, G., Martineau, A. R., Agyemang, C., & Bhopal, R. (2020). Sharpening the global focus on ethnicity and race in the time of COVID-19. The Lancet, 395(10238), 1673–1676. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31102-8
- Bieber, F. (2020). Global nationalism in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nationalities Papers, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1017/nps.2020.35
- Bimha, A., & Nhamo, G. (2017). Sustainable development, share price and Carbon Disclosure Interactions: Evidence from South Africa’s JSE 100 companies. Sustainable Development, 25(5), 400–413. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1670
- Bishop, J., & Roberts, A. (2020). Geopolitics: Resilient and Sustainable Globalization. In: World Economic Forum, Challenges and Opportunities in the Post-COVID-19 World. pp 20–23.
- Bloomberg. (2020). Moderna Soars After $483 Million Covid-19 Agreement With U.S. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-16/moderna-snares-483-million-u-s-funding-for-covid-vaccine-tests
- Bollyky, T. J., Gostin, L. O., & Hamburg, M. A. (2020). The equitable distribution of COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccines. Journal of American Medical Association, 323(4), 2462–2463. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.6641
- Branswell, H. (2020). As coronavirus pandemic worsens, health officials fear nationalization of drugs and supplies. Health. Retrieved July 23, 2020, from https://www.statnews.com/2020/03/15/as-coronavirus-pandemic-worsens-health-officials-fear-nationalization-of-drugs-and-supplies/
- Businesstech. (2020). Ramaphosa and other world leaders have signed an open letter about a coronavirus vaccine – here’s what it said. Retrieved July 27, 2020, from https://businesstech.co.za/news/government/417193/ramaphosa-and-other-world-leaders-have-signed-an-open-letter-about-a-coronavirus-vaccine-heres-what-it-said/amp/
- Callaway, E. (2020). The race for coronavirus vaccines: A graphical guide. Nature, 580(7805), 576–577. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-01221-y
- Christensen, T. J. (2020). A modern tragedy? COVID-19 and USA-China relations. Brookings Institution Foreign Policy Division.
- Cohen, J. (2020). Unveiling ‘warp speed,’ the White House’s America-first push for a coronavirus vaccine. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc7056
- Dyer, O. (2020). Covid-19: Trump sought to buy vaccine developer exclusively for US, say German officials. British Medical Journal, 368, Article m1100. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1100
- Eastman, R. T., Roth, J. S., Brimacombe, K. R., Simeonov, A., Shen, M., Patnaik, S., & Hall, M. D. (2020). Remdesivir: A Review of Its Discovery and development leading to emergency Use Authorization for treatment of COVID-19. ACS Central Science, 6(5), 672–689. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.0c00489
- eNCA. (2020). Britain secures 90mn possible COVID-19 vaccine doses. Retrieved July 26, 2020, from https://www.enca.com/news/britain-secures-90-mil-possible-covid-19-vaccine-doses-pfizerbiontech-valneva
- Enserink, G. (2009). The challenge of getting swine flu vaccine to poor nations. Science. Retrieved July 23, 2020, from https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2009/11/challenge-getting-swine-flu-vaccine-poor-nations
- FAD. (2020). FDA Approves First Treatment for COVID-19. Retrieved October 25, 2020, from https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-treatment-covid-19
- Feeny, S. (2020). Transitioning from the MDGs to the SDGs: Lessons Learnt? In S. A. Churchill (Ed.), Moving from the Millennium to the Sustainable development Goals (pp. 343–351). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1556-9_15
- GAVI. (2020a). COVAX list of participating countries. Retrieved October 24, 2020, from https://www.gavi.org/sites/default/files/covid/pr/COVAX_CA_COIP_List_COVAX_PR_19-10.pdf
- GAVI. (2020b). Commitments to GAVI COVAX AMC. Retrieved October 24, 2020, from https://www.gavi.org/sites/default/files/covid/covax/COVAX-AMC-Donors-Table-08.10.2020.pdf
- GAVI. (2020c). Gavi launches innovative financing mechanism for access to COVID vaccine. Retrieved October 24, 2020, from https://www.gavi.org/news/media-room/gavi-launches-innovative-financing-mechanism-access-covid-19-vaccines
- Global Citizens. (2020). ‘Global Goal: Unite for Our Future’: We’re Calling on the World to Make Sure Everyone Can Beat COVID-19. Retrieved July 20, 2020, from https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/global-goal-unite-for-our-future-launch/
- Guterres, A. (2020). Nelson Mandela Annual Lecture 2020: Tackling the inequality pandemic - a new social contract for a new era. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://www.nelsonmandela.org/news/entry/annual-lecture-2020-secretary-general-guterress-full-speech
- He, L. (2020). China and India are sparring but neither can afford a full-on trade war. Retrieved July 20, 2020, from https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/03/economy/china-india-trade-war-intl-hnk/index.html
- Hein, W., & Paschke, A. (2020). Access to COVID-19 vaccines and medicines: A global Public good. German Institute for Global and Area Studies Focus, 4, 1–13.
- Heisbourg, F. (2020). From Wuhan to the world: How the pandemic will Reshape Geopolitics. Survival, 62(3), 7–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2020.1763608
- Herper, M., & Garde, D. (2020). First data for Moderna Covid-19 vaccine show it spurs an immune response. Health. Retrieved July 23, 2020, from https://www.statnews.com/2020/07/14/moderna-covid19-vaccine-first-data-show-spurs-immune-response/
- Hill, A., Wang, J., Levi, J., Heath, K., & Fortunak, J. (2020). Minimum costs to manufacture new treatments for COVID-19. Journal of Virus Eradication, 6(2), 61–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2055-6640(20)30018-2
- Ho, A., & Dascalu, I. (2020). Global Disparity and solidarity in a pandemic. Global Disparity and solidarity in a pandemic. Hastings Center Report, 50(3), 65–67. https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.1138
- Jefferys, R. (2020). COVID-19 vaccines. Treatment Action Group.
- John Hopkins University. (2020). COVID-19 Dashboard by the Centre for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE). Retrieved November 27, 2020, from https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html
- Kelly, É. (2020). EU to use €2.7B emergency fund for advance purchase of COVID-19 vaccines. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://sciencebusiness.net/covid-19/news/eu-use-eu27b-emergency-fund-advance-purchase-covid-19-vaccines
- Khamsi, R. (2020). Can the world make enough coronavirus vaccine? Nature, 580(7805), 578–580. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-01063-8
- Lexchin, J. (2020). As U.S. buys up remdesivir, ‘vaccine nationalism’ threatens access to COVID-19 treatments. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://theconversation.com/as-u-s-buys-up-remdesivir-vaccine-nationalism-threatens-access-to-covid-19-treatments-141952
- Linton, M. J., Coast, J., Williams, I., Copping, J., & Owen-Smith, A. (2019). Developing a framework of quality indicators for healthcare business cases: A qualitative document analysis consolidating insight from expert guidance and current practice. British Medical Council Health Services Research, 19(1), 433. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4269-9
- Lone, S. A., & Ahmad, A. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic – an African perspective. Emerging Microbes & Infections, 9), https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1775132
- Lythgoe, M. P., & Middleton, P. (2020). Ongoing clinical trials for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 41(6), 363–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2020.03.006
- Madhi, S. (2020). COVID-19 vaccine trial in South Africa: everything you need to know. Retrieved July 20, 2020, from https://theconversation.com/covid-19-vaccine-trial-in-south-africa-everything-you-need-to-know-142305
- Mahase, E. (2020). Covid-19: Trump threatens to stop funding WHO amid “China-centric” claims. British Medical Journal, 369, Article m1438. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1438
- Manfredi, L. (2020). Moderna stock soars following positive results in coronavirus vaccine candidate. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://www.foxbusiness.com/healthcare/moderna-stock-soars-following-positive-results-in-coronavirus-vaccine-candidate
- Methri, G. (2020). COVID-19 Vaccine: WHO Backs India & South Africa’s Bid to Ease Intellectual Property Rules. Retrieved October 24, 2020, from https://www.republicworld.com/world-news/global-event-news/who-backs-india-south-africas-bid-to-ease-intellectual-property-rule.html
- MSF (Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders). (2020). COVID-19 Vaccine global access (COVAX) facility: Key considerations for gavi’s new global financing mechanism. MSF.
- Mullard, A. (2020). COVID-19 vaccine development pipeline gears up. NCBI. Retrieved July 23, 2020, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7272155/
- Neate, R. (2020). ‘Major’ breakthrough in Covid-19 drug makes UK professors millionaires. Retrieved July 25, 2020, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/24/major-breakthrough-in-covid-19-drug-makes-uk-professors-millionaires
- The New York Times. (2020). Coronavirus Live Updates: E.U. Agrees to $857 Billion Stimulus Deal. Retrieved July 21, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/21/world/coronavirus-covid-19.html
- Nhamo, G., Dube, K., & Chikodzi, D. (2020). Sustainable development Goals: Concept and challenges of global development Goal Setting. In R. Haring, I. Kickbusch, D. Ganten, & M. Moeti (Eds.), Handbook of global health. Springer. http://doi-org-443.webvpn.fjmu.edu.cn/10.1007/978-3-030-05325-3_79-1
- Nuffield Council on Bioethics. (2020). Fair and equitable access to COVID-19 treatments and vaccines.
- Palca, J. (2020a). Pfizer Says Experimental COVID-19 Vaccine Is More Than 90% Effective. Retrieved November 27, 2020, from https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/11/09/933006651/pfizer-says-experimental-covid-19-vaccine-is-more-than-90-effective
- Palca, J. (2020b). Moderna’s COVID-19 Vaccine Shines in Clinical Trial. Retrieved November 27, 2020, from https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/11/16/935239294/modernas-covid-19-vaccine-shines-in-clinical-trial
- Pardi, N., Hogan, M., Porter, F., & Weissman, D. (2018). mRNA vaccines-a new era in vaccinology. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 17(4), 261–279. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd.2017.243
- Partridge, J. (2020). Government to develop £100m Covid-19 vaccine manufacturing centre. Retrieved July 27, 2020, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/23/government-to-develop-100m-covid-19-vaccine-manufacturing-centre
- Paton, J. (2020). Battle over access to Covid-19 vaccines ahead as rich nations are first in line. Retrieved October 25, 2020, from https://www.news24.com/fin24/companies/health/battle-over-access-to-covid-19-vaccines-ahead-as-rich-nations-are-first-in-line-20200802
- Reuters. (2020). Brazil health regulator Anvisa allows Chinese COVID-19 vaccine trial. Retrieved July 20, 2020, from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-brazil-sinovac/brazil-health-regulator-anvisa-allows-chinese-covid-19-vaccine-trial-idUSKBN24502Z
- Roubein, R. (2020). Trump administration invests $472M more in Moderna vaccine candidate. Retrieved July 26, 2020, from https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/trump-administration-invests-472m-more-in-moderna-vaccine-candidate/ar-BB17cVB5?li=BBnbcA1
- Sayburn, A. (2020). Covid-19: Trials of four potential treatments to generate “robust data” of what works. British Medical Journal, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1206
- Sobo, E. J., Lambert, H., & Heath, C. D. (2020). More than a teachable moment: Black lives matter. Anthropology & Medicine, https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2020.1783054
- Stevis-Gridneff, M., & Jakes, L. (2020). World Leaders Join to Pledge $8 Billion for Vaccine as U.S. Goes It Alone. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/04/world/europe/eu-coronavirus-vaccine.html
- Suarez, K. (2020). China offers $1 billion loan to Latin America and the Caribbean for access to its Covid-19 vaccine. Retrieved July 27, 2020, from https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2020/07/23/americas/china-billion-vaccine-latin-america-coronavirus-intl/index.html
- United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for Sustainable development. United Nations Secretariat.
- USA Food and Drug Administration. (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Revokes Emergency Use Authorization for Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine. Retrieved July 18, 2020, from https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-revokes-emergency-use-authorization-chloroquine-and
- Usher, A. D. (2020). COVID-19 vaccines for all? The Lancet, 395(10240), 1822–1823. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31354-4
- Vanden, E. J. J. (2020). COVID-19: A Brief Overview of the Discovery clinical Trial. Pharmaceuticals, 13(4), 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph13040065
- Veugelers, R., & Zachmann, G. (2020). Racing against COVID-19: A vaccines strategy for Europe. Policy Contribution 7/2020. Bruegel.
- WHO (World Health Organization). (2020a). Draft landscape of COVID-19 candidate vaccines. WHO. Retrieved July 23, 2020, from https://www.who.int/who-documents-detail/draft-landscape-of-covid-19-candidate-vaccines
- WHO (World Health Organization). (2020b). 172 countries and multiple candidate vaccines engaged in COVID-19 vaccine Global Access Facility. Retrieved October 25, 2020, from https://www.who.int/news/item/24-08-2020-172-countries-and-multiple-candidate-vaccines-engaged-in-covid-19-vaccine-global-access-facility
- Wong, G., & Qui, X. (2018). Funding vaccines for emerging infectious diseases. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutic, 14(7), 1760–1762. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2017.1412024
- Wood, L. M., Sebar, B., & Vecchio, N. (2020). Application of Rigour and Credibility in qualitative document analysis: Lessons Learnt from a case study. The Quality Report, 25(2), 456–470. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol25/iss2/11.
- Yamey, G., Schäferhoff, M., Hatchett, R., Pate, M., Zhao, F., & McDade, K. K. (2020). Ensuring global access to COVID-19 vaccines. The Lancet, 395(10234), 1405–1406. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30763-7
- Zarhloule, Y. (2020). Framing nationalism in times of a pandemic: The case of Morocco. In M. Lynch (Ed.), The COVID-19 pandemic in the Middle East and North Africa (pp. 55–57). The Project on Middle East Political Science.