References
- African Union. (2006). Maputo plan of action for the operationalisation of the continental policy framework for sexual and reproductive health and rights: 2007–2010.
- African Union. (2016). Maputo plan of action 2016–2030: Universal access to comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services in Africa.
- Akers, A. Y., Schwarz, E. B., Borrero, S., & Corbie-Smith, G. (2010). Family discussions about contraception and family planning: A qualitative exploration of black parent and adolescent perspectives. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 42(3), 160–167. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1363/4216010
- Alonso-Stuyck, P., Zacarés, J. J., & Ferreres, A. (2018). Emotional separation, autonomy in decision-making, and psychosocial adjustment in adolescence: A proposed typology. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(5), 1373–1383. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0980-5
- Al Zaabi, O., Heffernan, M., Holroyd, E., & Jackson, M. (2019). Islamic parents’ attitudes and beliefs towards school-based sexual and reproductive health education programmes in Oman. Sex Education, 19(5), 534–550. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2018.1553708
- Awusabo-Asare, K., Stillman, M., Keogh, S., Doku, D. T., Kumi-Kyereme, A., Esia-Donkoh, K., & Bankole, A. (2017). From paper to practice: Sexuality education policies and their implementation in Ghana. Guttmacher Institute.
- Bakir, V., & McStay, A. (2018). Fake news and the economy of emotions: Problems, causes, solutions. Digital Journalism, 6(2), 154–175. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1345645
- Bakker, T. P., & de Vreese, C. H. (2011). Good news for the future? Young people, internet use, and political participation. Communication Research, 38(4), 451–470. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650210381738
- Berglas, N. F., Constantine, N. A., & Ozer, E. J. (2014). A rights-based approach to sexuality education: Conceptualization, clarification and challenges. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 46(2), 63–72. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1363/46e1114
- Bialystok, L., & Wright, J. (2019). ‘Just say no’: Public dissent over sexuality education and the Canadian national imaginary. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 40(3), 343–357. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2017.1333085
- Borca, G., Bina, M., Keller, P. S., Gilbert, L. R., & Begotti, T. (2015). Internet use and developmental tasks: Adolescents’ point of view. Computers in Human Behavior, 52, 49–58. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.029
- Bovill, C., & Bulley, C. J. (2011). A model of active student participation in curriculum design: Exploring desirability and possibility. In C. Rust (Ed.), Improving student learning (ISL) 18: Global theories and local practices: Institutional, disciplinary and cultural variations (pp. 176–188). Oxford Brookes University, Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development.
- Cameron-Lewis, V., & Allen, L. (2013). Teaching pleasure and danger in sexuality education. Sex Education, 13(2), 121–132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2012.697440
- Carmody, M. (2005). Ethical erotics: Reconceptualizing anti-rape education. Sexualities, 8(4), 465–480. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460705056621
- Cash, K., Khan, S. I., Hashima-E-Nasreen, B. A., Chowdhury, S., & & Chowdhury, A. M. R. (2001). Telling them their own stories: Legitimizing sexual and reproductive health education in rural Bangladesh. Sex Education: Sexuality, Society and Learning, 1(1), 43–57. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14681810120041715
- Chakraborty, P. (2001). Science, morality, and nationalism: The multifaceted project of Mahendra Lal Sircar. Studies in History, 17(2), 245–274. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/025764300101700204
- Chersich, M. F., & Rees, H. V. (2008). Vulnerability of women in Southern Africa to infection with HIV: Biological determinants and priority health sector interventions. Aids, 22(Suppl. 4), S27–S40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000341775.94123.75
- Commendador, K. (2007). The relationship between female adolescent self-esteem, decision making, and contraceptive behavior. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 19(11), 614–623. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7599.2007.00267.x
- Davies, A. W., & Kenneally, N. (2020). Cripping the controversies: Ontario rights-based debates in sexuality education. Sex Education, 20(4), 366–382. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2020.1712549
- Downing, G. (2013). Virtual youth: Non-heterosexual young people's use of the internet to negotiate their identities and socio-sexual relations. Children’s Geographies, 11(1), 44–58. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2013.743280
- Elliott, S. (2010). Parents’ constructions of teen sexuality: Sex panics, contradictory discourses, and social inequality. Symbolic Interaction, 33(2), 191–212. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1525/si.2010.33.2.191
- Esantsi, S. F., Onyango, F., Asare, G. Q., Kuffour, E., Tapsoba, P., Birungi, H., & Askew, I. (2015). Understanding the reproductive health needs of adolescents in selected slums in Ghana: A public health assessment.
- Fine, M. (1988). Sexuality, schooling, and adolescent females: The missing discourse of desire. Harvard Educational Review, 58(1), 29–54. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.58.1.u0468k1v2n2n8242
- Foh-Amoaning, M. (2019). Government must have single stance on CSE – Foh-Amoaning.
- Ghana Education Service. (2019). Guidelines for comprehensive sexuality education in Ghana Accra GES.
- Ghana Statistical Service, Ghana Health Service, & ICF International. (2015). Demographic and health survey 2014.
- Goldman, J. D. (2008). Responding to parental objections to school sexuality education: A selection of 12 objections. Sex Education, 8(4), 415–438. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14681810802433952
- Gutmann, A., & Ben-Porath, S. (2014). Democratic education. The encyclopedia of political thought (pp. 863–875).
- Gyamerah, A. O., Taylor, K. D., Atuahene, K., Anarfi, J. K., Fletcher, M., Raymond, H. F., & Dodoo, F. N.-A. (2020). Stigma, discrimination, violence, and HIV testing among men who have sex with men in four major cities in Ghana. AIDS Care, 32(8), 1036–1044. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2020.1757020
- Haberland, N., & Rogow, D. (2015). Sexuality education: Emerging trends in evidence and practice. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(1), S15–S21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.08.013
- Hillier, L., & Harrison, L. (2007). Building realities less limited than their own: Young people practising same-sex attraction on the internet. Sexualities, 10(1), 82–100. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460707072956
- Ito, K. E., Gizlice, Z., Owen-O’Dowd, J., Foust, E., Leone, P. A., & Miller, W. C. (2006). Parent opinion of sexuality education in a state with mandated abstinence education: Does policy match parental preference? Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(5), 634–641. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.04.022
- Keogh, S. C., Stillman, M., Awusabo-Asare, K., Sidze, E., Monzón, A. S., Motta, A., & Leong, E. (2018). Challenges to implementing national comprehensive sexuality education curricula in low-and middle-income countries: Case studies of Ghana, Kenya, Peru and Guatemala. PLoS One, 13, 7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200513
- Krugu, J. K., Mevissen, F. E., Van Breukelen, G., & Ruiter, R. A. (2018). SPEEK: Effect evaluation of a Ghanaian school-based and peer-led sexual education programme. Health Education Research, 33(4), 292–314. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyy017
- Lamb, S. (2010). Feminist ideals for a healthy female adolescent sexuality: A critique. Sex Roles, 62(5–6), 294–306. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-009-9698-1
- Lee, E. B. (2015). Too much information: Heavy smartphone and Facebook utilization by African American young adults. Journal of Black Studies, 46(1), 44–61. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934714557034
- Leerlooijer, J. (2013). About goats, girls, boys and the bees: Promoting adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health and rights in Uganda, Indonesia and Thailand: An intervention mapping approach.
- Levin, R. J. (2005). Wet and dry sex – The impact of cultural influence in modifying vaginal function. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 20(4), 465–474. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14681990500396568
- Loader, B. D., Vromen, A., & Xenos, M. A. (2014). The networked young citizen: Social media, political participation and civic engagement. Information, Communication & Society, 17(2), 143–150. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2013.871571
- McCarty-Caplan, D. M. (2013). Schools, sex education, and support for sexual minorities: Exploring historic marginalization and future potential. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 8(4), 246–273. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2013.849563
- Mesmer, K., & Socha, D. (2020). Finally, some solace in Ghana. In Nicholas D. Hartlep & Brandon O. Hensley (Ed.), Critical storytelling in 2020: Issues, elections and beyond (pp. 98–106). Brill Sense.
- Mkumbo, K. (2010). What Tanzanian young people want to know about sexual health; implications for school-based sex and relationships education. Sex Education, 10(4), 405–412. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2010.515097
- Mkumbo, K. (2014). Students’ attitudes towards school-based sex and relationships education in Tanzania. Health Education Journal, 73(6), 642–656. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0017896913510426
- Mkumbo, K., & Ingham, R. (2010). What Tanzanian parents want (and do not want) covered in school-based sex and relationships education. Sex Education, 10(1), 67–78. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14681810903491396
- Monzón, A. S., Keogh, S., Ramazzini, A. L., Prada, E., Stillman, M., & Leong, E. (2017). From paper to practice: Sexuality education policies and curricula and their implementation in Guatemala (pp. 1–64). Guttmacher Institute.
- Motta, A., Keogh, S., Prada, E., Nunez-Curto, A., Konda, K., Stillman, M., & Cáceres, C. F. (2017). From paper to practice: Sexuality education policies and their implementation in Peru. Guttmacher Institute.
- Peter, C. R., Tasker, T. B., & Horn, S. S. (2015). Parents’ attitudes toward comprehensive and inclusive sexuality education. Health Education, 115(1), 71–92. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/HE-01-2014-0003
- Porter, G., Hampshire, K., Milner, J., Munthali, A., Robson, E., De Lannoy, A., & Tanle, A. (2016). Mobile phones and education in Sub-Saharan Africa: From youth practice to public policy. Journal of International Development, 28(1), 22–39. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3116
- Rasmussen, M. L. (2012). Pleasure/desire, sexularism and sexuality education. Sex Education, 12(4), 469–481. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2012.677204
- Renold, E. (2005). Girls, boys, and junior sexualities: Exploring children’s gender and sexual relations in the primary school. Psychology Press.
- Rijsdijk, L. E., Lie, R., Bos, A. E., Leerlooijer, J. N., & Kok, G. (2013). Sexual and reproductive health and rights: Implications for comprehensive sex education among young people in Uganda. Sex Education, 13(4), 409–422. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2012.747432
- Robinson, K. H., Smith, E., & Davies, C. (2017). Responsibilities, tensions and ways forward: Parents’ perspectives on children’s sexuality education. Sex Education, 17(3), 333–347. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2017.1301904
- Rokicki, S., Cohen, J., Salomon, J. A., & Fink, G. (2017). Impact of a text-messaging program on adolescent reproductive health: A cluster–randomized trial in Ghana. American Journal of Public Health, 107(2), 298–305. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303562
- Rokicki, S., & Fink, G. (2017). Assessing the reach and effectiveness of mHealth: Evidence from a reproductive health program for adolescent girls in Ghana. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 969. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4939-7
- Roodsaz, R. (2018). Probing the politics of comprehensive sexuality education: ‘Universality’versus ‘cultural sensitivity’: A Dutch–Bangladeshi collaboration on adolescent sexuality education. Sex Education, 18(1), 107–121. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2017.1403894
- Shannon, B. (2016). Comprehensive for who? Neoliberal directives in Australian ‘comprehensive’ sexuality education and the erasure of GLBTIQ identity. Sex Education, 16(6), 573–585. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2016.1141090
- Shannon, B., & Smith, S. J. (2015). ‘A lot more to learn than where babies come from’: Controversy, language and agenda setting in the framing of school-based sexuality education curricula in Australia. Sex Education, 15(6), 641–654. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2015.1055721
- Sherlock, L. (2012). Sociopolitical influences on sexuality education in Sweden and Ireland. Sex Education, 12(4), 383–396. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2012.686882
- Sidze, E. M., Stillman, M., Keogh, S., Mulupi, S., Egesa, C. P., Leong, E., & Izugbara, C. O. (2017). From paper to practice: Sexuality education policies and their implementation in Kenya. Guttmacher Institute.
- Spyrou, S.. (2018). Disclosing childhoods: Research and Knowledge Production for a Critical Childhood Studies. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Su, R., Guo, L., Tang, H., Ye, P., Zhang, S., Xiao, Y., & Liu, C. (2020). Comprehensive sexuality education weakens the effect of in-group bias on trust and fairness. Sex Education, 20(1), 33–45. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2019.1610373
- Tabong, P. T.-N., & Adongo, P. B. (2013). Understanding the social meaning of infertility and childbearing: A qualitative study of the perception of childbearing and childlessness in Northern Ghana. PLoS One, 8(1), e54429. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054429
- Talukdar, J., Aspland, T., & Datta, P. (2013). Sex education in South Australia: The past and the present. Sex Education, 13(1), 107–116. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2012.681037
- Tenkorang, E. Y., Amo-Adjei, J., & Kumi-Kyereme, A. (2020). Assessing components of Ghana’s comprehensive sexuality education on the timing of sexual debut among in-school youth. Youth & Society. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X20930891
- Tettey, W. J. (2016). Homosexuality, moral panic, and politicized homophobia in Ghana: Interrogating discourses of moral entrepreneurship in Ghanaian media. Communication, Culture & Critique, 9(1), 86–106. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/cccr.12132
- Trowler, P., & Trowler, V. (2010). Student engagement evidence summary. The Higher Education Academy.
- UNESCO, UNAIDS, UNFPA, UNICEF, UN Women, & WHO. (2018). International technical guidance on sexuality education: An evidence-informed approach. UNESCO Publishing.
- UNFPA. (2014a). The power of 1.8 billion: Adolescents, youth and the transformation of the future. United Nations Population Fund.
- UNFPA. (2014b). The power of 1.8 billion: Adolescents, youth and the transformation of the future (The State of the World Population 2014).
- United Nations. (1995). Report of the International Conference on Population and Development [Paper presentation]. The International Conference on Population and Development Cairo, Egypt.
- Vanwesenbeeck, I. (2020). Comprehensive sexuality education. In Oxford research encyclopedia of global public health.
- Vanwesenbeeck, I., Westeneng, J., de Boer, T., Reinders, J., & van Zorge, R. (2016). Lessons learned from a decade implementing comprehensive sexuality education in resource poor settings: The world starts with me. Sex Education, 16(5), 471–486. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2015.1111203
- Vromen, A., Xenos, M. A., & Loader, B. (2015). Young people, social media and connective action: From organisational maintenance to everyday political talk. Journal of Youth Studies, 18(1), 80–100. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2014.933198
- Wells, K. (2015). Childhood in a global perspective. John Wiley & Sons.
- Wells, K. (2017). Childhood studies: Making young subjects. John Wiley & Sons.
- Wheeler, S. B. (2010). Effects of self-esteem and academic performance on adolescent decision-making: An examination of early sexual intercourse and illegal substance use. Journal of Adolescent Health, 47(6), 582–590. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.04.009