Publication Cover
Global Public Health
An International Journal for Research, Policy and Practice
Volume 17, 2022 - Issue 12
675
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Long-acting reversible contraception: Targeting those judged to be unfit for parenthood in the United States and the United Kingdom

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 3773-3784 | Received 07 Jul 2021, Accepted 13 Feb 2022, Published online: 03 Mar 2022

References

  • Agigian, A. (2019). Stratified reproduction. In The Blackwell encyclopedia of sociology (pp. 1–3). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Albiston, C. (1994). The social meaning of the Norplant condition: Constitutional considerations of race, class, and gender. Berkeley Women’s Law Journal, 9, 9–57.
  • Amy, J.-J., & Rowlands, S. (2018a). Legalised non-consensual sterilisation – Eugenics put into practice before 1945, and the aftermath. Part 1: USA, Japan, Canada and Mexico. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 23(2), 121–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/13625187.2018.1450973
  • Amy, J. J., & Rowlands, S. (2018b). Legalised non-consensual sterilisation – Eugenics put into practice before 1945, and the aftermath. Part 2: Europe. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 23(3), 194–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/13625187.2018.1458227
  • Barrett, G., & Wellings, K. (2002). What is a ‘planned’ pregnancy? Empirical data from a British study. Social Science & Medicine, 55(4), 545–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00187-3
  • Becker, D., & Tsui, A. O. (2008). Reproductive health service preferences and perceptions of quality among low-income women: Racial, ethnic and language group differences. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 40(4), 202–211. https://doi.org/10.1363/4020208
  • Beynon-Jones, S. (2013). We view that as contraceptive failure’: Containing the ‘multiplicity’ of contraception and abortion within Scottish reproductive healthcare. Social Science & Medicine, 80, 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.12.004
  • Board of Trustees, A. M. A. (1992). Requirements or incentives by government for the use of long-acting contraceptives. JAMA, 267(13), 1818–1821. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1992.03480130134039
  • Boddy, J., & Wheeler, B. (2020). Recognition and justice? Conceptualizing support for women whose children are in care or adopted. Societies, 10(4), 96. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc10040096
  • Bogan, C., & Marthey, D. J. (2021). Health policy and access to long-acting reversible contraceptives. University of Delaware/University of Maryland. https://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/29076#files-area.
  • BPAS. (2021). Long-acting reversible contraception in the UK. British Pregnancy Advisory Service; Decolonising Contraception; Lancaster University; Shine Aloud UK. https://www.bpas.org/media/3477/larc-report-final-laid-up.pdf.
  • Brown, G. F., & Moskowitz, E. H. (1997). Moral and policy issues in long-acting contraception. Annual Review of Public Health, 18(1), 379–400. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.18.1.379
  • Browner, C. H. (2016). Reproduction: From rights to justice? In L. Disch, & M. Hawkesworth (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of feminist theory (pp. 803–831). Oxford University Press.
  • Charron, E., Mayo, R. M., Heavner-Sullican, S. F., Eichelberger, K. Y., Truong, K. D., & Rennert, L. (2020). "It’s a very nuanced discussion with every woman": Health care providers’ communication practices during contraceptive counseling for patients with substance use disorders. Contraception, 102(5), 349–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2020.09.002
  • Cooper, B. (2016). Intersectionality. In L. Disch, & M. Hawkesworth (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of feminist theory (pp. 385–406). Oxford University Press. http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328581.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199328581-e-20?print=pdf.
  • Coverdale, J., Balon, R., Beresin, E. V., Brenner, A. M., Guerrero, A. P. S., Louie, A. K., & Roberts, L. W. (2018). Family planning and the scope of the “reproductive psychiatry” curriculum. Academic Psychiatry, 42(2), 183–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40596-018-0884-8
  • Coyle, P. K., Oh, J., Magyari, M., Oreja-Guevara, C., & Houtchens, M. (2019). Management strategies for female patients of reproductive potential with multiple sclerosis: An evidence-based review. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 32, 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2019.04.003
  • Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1, 139–168.
  • Dasari, M., Borrero, S., Akers, A. Y., Sucato, G. S., Dick, R., Hicks, A., & Miller, E. (2016). Barriers to long-acting reversible contraceptive uptake among homeless young women. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 29(2), 104–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2015.07.003
  • Dehlendorf, C., Grumbach, K., Schmittdiel, J. A., & Steinauer, J. (2017). Shared decision making in contraceptive counseling. Contraception, 95(5), 452–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2016.12.010
  • Dehlendorf, C., Levy, K., Kelley, A., Grumbach, K., & Steinauer, J. (2013). Women’s preferences for contraceptive counseling and decision making. Contraception, 88(2), 250–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2012.10.012
  • Dehlendorf, C., Ruskin, R., Grumbach, K., Vittinghoff, E., Bibbins-Domingo, K., & Schillinger, D. (2010). Recommendations for intrauterine contraception: A randomized trial of the effects of patients’ race/ethnicity and socio-economic status. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 203(319), e311–e318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2010.05.009
  • DHSC. (2020). Procedures for the approval of independent sector places for termination of pregnancy (abortion). Department of Health & Social Care. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/update-to-procedures-for-the-approval-of-independent-sector-places-published
  • Downing, R. A., LaVeist, T. A., & Bullock, H. (2007). Intersections of ethnicity and social class in provider advice regarding reproductive health. American Journal of Public Health, 97(10), 1803–1807. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2006.092585
  • England and Wales Court of Protection. (2018). Re P (sexual relations and contraception) EWCOP 10. https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCOP/2018/10.html
  • England and Wales Court of Protection. (2019). An NHS foundation trust v AB (Contraception) EWCOP 45. https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCOP/2019/45.html
  • England and Wales Court of Protection. (2020). Oxford v Z EWCOP 20. https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCOP/2020/20.html
  • Foster, D. G. (2020). The problems with a poverty argument for long-acting reversible contraceptive promotion. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 222(4), S861–S863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.01.051
  • FSRH. (2018). Contraception for women with eating disorders. Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare Clinical Effectiveness Unit. https://www.fsrh.org/standards-and-guidance/documents/fsrh-ceu-statement-contraception-for-women-with-eating/
  • Ginsburg, F., & Rapp, R. (1991). The politics of reproduction. Annual Review of Anthropology, 20(1), 311–343. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.20.100191.001523
  • Gubrium, A. C., Mann, E. S., Borrero, S., Dehlendorf, C., Fields, J., Geronimus, A. T., Gómez, A. M., Harris, L. H., Higgins, J. A., Kimport, K., Luker, K., Luna, Z., Mamo, L., Roberts, D., Romero, D., & Sisson, G. (2016). Realizing reproductive health equity needs more than long-acting reversible contraception (LARC). American Journal of Public Health, 106(1), 18–19. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302900
  • Guttmacher Institute. (2020). Substance use during pregnancy. Guttmacher Institute. https://www.guttmacher.org/state-policy/explore/substance-use-during-pregnancy
  • Hadley, A. (2020). Teenage pregnancy: Strategies for prevention. Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine, 30(12), 387–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ogrm.2020.10.004
  • Hancock, A. M. (2004). The politics of disgust: The public identity of the welfare queen. New York University Press.
  • Hays, S. (1996). The cultural contradictions of motherhood. Yale University Press.
  • Higgins, J., Kramer, R., & Ryder, K. (2016). Provider bias in long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) promotion and removal: Perceptions of young adult women. American Journal of Public Health, 106(11), 1932–1937. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303393
  • Hoggart, L., Newton, V., & Dickson, J. (2013). "I think it depends on the body, with mine it didn’t work”: Explaining young women’s contraceptive implant removal. Contraception, 88(5), 636–640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2013.05.014
  • Holt, K., Reed, R., Crear-Perry, J., Scott, C., Wulf, S., & Dehlendorf, C. (2020). Beyond same-day long-acting reversible contraceptive access: A person-centred framework for advancing high-quality equitable contraceptive care. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 222(4), S878.e1–S878.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2019.11.1279
  • Jackson, A. V., Karasek, D., Dehlendorf, C., & Foster, D. G. (2016). Racial and ethnic differences in women’s preferences for features of contraceptive methods. Contraception, 93(5), 406–411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2015.12.010
  • Jones, C. (2013). ‘Human weeds, not fit to breed?’ African Caribbean women and reproductive disparities in Britain. Critical Public Health, 23(1), 49–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2012.761676
  • Kilday, A.-M. (2013). A history of infanticide in Britain, c. 1600 to the present. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Knight, K. R. (2015). Addicted.pregnant.poor. Duke University Press.
  • Kramer, R. D., Higgins, J. A., Godecker, A. L., & Ehrenthal, D. B. (2018). Racial and ethnic differences in patterns of long-acting reversible contraceptive use in the United States, 2011–2015. Contraception, 97(5), 399–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2018.01.006
  • Kuppens, S., Moore, S. C., Gross, V., Lowthian, E., & Siddaway, A. P. (2020). The enduring effects of parental alcohol, tobacco, and drug use on child well-being: A multilevel meta-analysis. Development and Psychopathology, 32(2), 765–778. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579419000749
  • Lambert, C. (2020). 'The objectionable injectable’: Recovering the lost history of the WLM through the Campaign against Depo-Provera. Women’s History Review, 29(3), 520–539. https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.1695354
  • Ledger, S., Earle, S., Tilley, E., & Walmsley, J. (2016). Contraceptive decision-making and women with learning disabilities. Sexualities, 19(5-6), 698–724. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460715620576
  • Letherby, G. (1999). Other than mother and mothers as others: The experience of motherhood and non-motherhood in relation to ‘infertility’ and ‘involuntary childlessness’. Women’s Studies International Forum, 22(3), 359–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5395(99)00028-X
  • Levine, P. (2010). Anthropology, colonialism, and eugenics. In A. Bashford, & P. Levine (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of the history of eugenics (pp. 43–61). Oxford University Press.
  • Lipp, A. (2010). Conceding and concealing judgement in termination of pregnancy; a grounded theory study. Journal of Research in Nursing, 15(4), 365–378. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987109347031
  • Lowe, P. (2016). Reproductive health and maternal sacrifice: Women, choice and responsibility. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Lucke, J. C., & Hall, W. D. (2012). Under what conditions is it ethical to offer incentives to encourage drug-using women to use long-acting forms of contraception? Addiction, 107(6), 1036–1041. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03699.x
  • Ma, R., Cecil, E., Bottle, A., French, R., & Saxena, S. (2020). Impact of a pay-for-performance scheme for long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) advice on contraceptive uptake and abortion in British primary care: An interrupted time series study. PLoS Medicine, 17(9), e1003333. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003333
  • Manchikanti, A., Grimes, D. A., Lopez, L. M., & Schulz, K. F. (2007). Steroid hormones for contraception in women with sickle cell disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2, CD006261. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006261.pub2
  • McCarthy, M. (2010). Exercising choice and control – Women with learning disabilities and contraception. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 38(4), 293–302. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.2009.00605.x
  • McCormack, K. (2005). Stratified reproduction and poor women’s resistance. Gender & Society, 19(5), 660–679. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243205278010
  • Meier, S., Sundstrom, B., DeMaria, A. L., & Delay, C. (2019). Beyond a legacy of coercion: Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) and social justice. Women’s Reproductive Health, 6(1), 17–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/23293691.2018.1556424
  • NICE. (2014). Contraceptive services for the under 25s. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ph51
  • O’Brien, C. (2019). What is the point of social security? Discriminatory and damaging effects of the two-child limit justified by the ‘lottery of birth’. Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law, 41(4), 479–482. https://doi.org/10.1080/09649069.2019.1648372
  • Olsen, A., Banwell, C., & Madden, A. (2014). Contraception, punishment and women who use drugs. BMC Women’s Health, 14(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-14-5
  • Parks, C., & Peipert, J. F. (2016). Eliminating health disparities in unintended pregnancy with long-acting reversible contraception (LARC). American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 214(6), 681–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2016.02.017
  • Peden, J., McCann, L., O’Moore, E., Phipps, E., Ford, T., Plugge, E., Leaman, J., Sturup-Toft, S., & Connolly, A. M. (2018). Gender specific standards to improve health and wellbeing for women in prison in England. Public Health England. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/687146/Gender_specific_standards_for_women_in_prison_to_improve_health_and_wellbeing.pdf
  • Powell, R. M. (2021). From Carrie Buck to Britney Spears: Strategies for disrupting the ongoing reproductive oppression of disabled people. Virginia Law Review Online, 107, 246–271.
  • Roberts, D. (1997). Killing the black body: Race, reproduction, and the meaning of liberty. Vintage Books.
  • Ross, L. (2017). Reproductive justice as intersectional feminist activism. Souls, 19(3), 286–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999949.2017.1389634
  • Ross, L. J., & Solinger, R. (2017). Reproductive justice: An introduction. University of California Press.
  • Ross, P. T. (2015). Reproductive injustices among women with sickle cell disease. Women’s Reproductive Health, 2(2), 75–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/23293691.2015.1089148
  • Rowlands, S., & Ingham, R. (2017). Long-acting reversible contraception: Conflicting perspectives of advocates and potential users. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 124(10), 1474–1476. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.14699
  • Ruhl, L. (2002). Dilemmas of the will – Uncertainty, reproduction, and the rhetoric of control. Signs, 27(3), 641–663. https://doi.org/10.1086/337940
  • Saunders, K. (2021). 'I think I stick out a bit': The classification of reproductive decision-making. Sociological Research Online, 26(1), 75–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/1360780420909139
  • Sawhill, I. (2014). Generation unbound: Drifting into sex and parenthood without marriage. Brookings Institution Press.
  • Sister Song. (2019). Reproductive justice. Sister Song. https://www.sistersong.net/reproductive-justice.
  • Sudbury, J. (2002). Celling black bodies: Black women in the global prison industrial complex. Feminist Review, 70(1), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave/fr/9400006
  • Sufrin, C. (2018). Making mothers in jail: Carceral reproduction of normative motherhood. Reproductive Biomedicine & Society Online, 7, 55–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbms.2018.10.018
  • Terplan, M., Kennedy-Hendricks, A., & Chisolm, M. S. (2015). Prenatal substance use: Exploring assumptions of maternal unfitness. Substance Use: Research & Treatment, 9(S2), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.4137/SART.S23328
  • Thomas, S. L. (1997). Women, welfare, reform and the preservation of a myth. Social Science Journal, 34(3), 351–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0362-3319(97)90034-3
  • Thompson, D. (2018). Sex, personal relationships and the law for adults with learning disabilities. Pavilion.
  • Towriss, C. A., Phillips, T. K., Brittain, K., Zerbe, A., Abrams, E. J., & Myer, L. (2019). The injection or the injection? Restricted contraceptive choices among women living with HIV. Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 27(1), 1628593. https://doi.org/10.1080/26410397.2019.1628593
  • Volscho, T. W. (2011). Racism and disparities in women’s use of the Depo-Provera injection in the contemporary USA. Critical Sociology, 37(5), 673–688. https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920510380948
  • Wale, J., & Rowlands, S. (2021). The ethics of state-sponsored and clinical promotion of long-acting reversible contraception. BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health, 47(3), e11. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsrh-2020-200630
  • Winters, D. J., & McLaughlin, A. R. (2019). Soft sterilization: Long-acting reversible contraceptives in the carceral state. Affilia: Journal of Women & Social Work, 35(2), 218–230. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886109919882320
  • Wiseman, P., & Ferrie, J. (2020). Reproductive (in)justice and inequality in the lives of women with intellectual disabilities in Scotland. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 22(1), 318–329. https://doi.org/10.16993/sjdr.677
  • Won, T., Blumenthal-Barby, J., & Chacko, M. (2017). Paid protection? Ethics of incentivized long-acting reversible contraception in adolescents with alcohol and other drug use. Journal of Medical Ethics, 43(3), 182–187. https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2015-103176
  • Wu, J., Zhang, J., Mitra, M., Parish, S. L., & Reddy, G. K. M. (2018). Provision of moderately and highly effective reversible contraception to insured women with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 132(3), 565–574. https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000002777
  • Yuval-Davis, N. (1997). Gender and nation. Sage.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.