266
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The ‘multicultural invisibility’ of Afro-Venezuelans and their alternative legal politics to fight racial discrimination and acquire ethnoracial recognition: the legal case against Cine Citta

&

References

  • ACNUDH (Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos). 2017. “Violaciones Y Abusos De Los Derechos Humanos En El Contexto De Las Protestas En La República Bolivariana De Venezuela Del 1 De Abril Al 31 De Julio De 2017.” Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos (ACNUDH), Ginebra. Accessed 24 June 2019. https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/VE/HCReportVenezuela_1April-31July2017_SP.pdf
  • Bonilla, Y., and J. Rosa. 2015. “Ferguson: Digital Protest, Hashtag Ethnography, and the Racial Politics of Social Media in the United States.” American Ethnologist 42 (1): 4–17. doi:10.1111/amet.12112.
  • Chávez, I. 2017. “Cine Citta Caracas Facebook Page”. Facebook post, June 12, 2017. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/cinecittacaracas/
  • Colina, G., and H. Vanolli. 2017. Informe: Asamblea Nacional Constituyente 2017. Caracas, Venezuela: Observatorio Global de Comunicación y Democracia.
  • Comercializadora C.A 1107 (Ciné Citta Caracas). 2017. “Disculpa Pública a Toda La Colectividad.” Diario Ultimas Noticias, July 9. p. 38.
  • Cornejo, R. 2017. “Cine Citta Caracas Facebook Page”. Facebook post, June 14, 2017. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/cinecittacaracas/
  • Couso, J., A. Huneeus, and R. Sieder, eds. 2010. Cultures of Legality: Judicialization and Political Activism in Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Crenshaw, K. W. 1988. “Race, Reform, and Retrenchment: Transformation and Legitimation in Antidiscrimination Law.” Harvard Law Review 1: 1331–1387. doi:10.2307/1341398.
  • Delgado, R. 1993. “Rodrigo’s Fourth Chronicle: Neutrality and Stasis in Antidiscrimination Law.” Stanford Law Review 45 (4): 1133–1160. doi:10.2307/1229206.
  • Delgado, R., and J. Jean Stefancic. 2017. Critical Race Theory: An Introduction. New York: NYU Press.
  • Freeman, A. 1989. “Antidiscrimination Law: The View from 1989.” Tulane Law Review 64 (6): 1407–1442.
  • French, J. H. 2004. “Mestizaje and Law Making in Indigenous Identity Formation in Northeastern Brazil: ‘after the Conflict Came the History.’.” American Anthropologist 106 (4): 663–674. doi:10.1525/aa.2004.106.4.663.
  • García, J. 2007. “La Deuda Del Estado Venezolano Y Los Afrodescendientes.” Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology 12 (1): 223–232. doi:10.1525/jlat.2007.12.1.223.
  • García, J. 2013. Afrodescendientes En América Latina Y El Caribe. Caracas: Fundación Afroamérica.
  • García, J., and R. Arratia. 2000. “Proposiciones Constitucionales Hechas Por La Unión De Mujeres Negras Y Fundación Afroamérica. .” Revista De La Fundación Afroamérica 8: 32–33 .
  • Hale, C. R. 1999. “Travel Warning: Elite Appropriations of Hybridity, Mestizaje, Antiracism, Equality, and Other Progressive-sounding Discourses in Highland Guatemala.” The Journal of American Folklore 1: 297–315. doi:10.2307/541364.
  • Hale, C. R. 2002. “Does Multiculturalism Menace? Governance, Cultural Rights and the Politics of Identity in Guatemala.” Journal of Latin American Studies 34 (3): 485–524. doi:10.1017/S0022216X02006521.
  • Hernández, T. K. 2012. Racial Subordination in Latin America: The Role of the State, Customary Law, and the New Civil Rights Response. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • James, J. 2017. “Cine Citta Caracas Facebook Page”. Facebook post, June 14, 2017. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/cinecittacaracas/
  • Krupa, C., and D. Nugent, eds. 2015. State Theory and Andean Politics: New Approaches to the Study of Rule. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Matamoros-Fernandez, A. 2017. “Platformed Racism: The Mediation and Circulation of an Australian Race-based Controversy on Twitter, Facebook and YouTube.” Information, Communication & Society 20 (6): 930–946. doi:10.1080/1369118X.2017.1293130.
  • Meneses, D. 2017. “Cine Citta Caracas Facebook Page”. Facebook post, June 15, 2017. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/cinecittacaracas/
  • Monagreda, J. 2011. “Construyendo Nuevas Subjetividades Desde La Afrovenezolanidad.” SUR/versión 1: 133–160.
  • Montañez, L. 1993. El Racismo Oculto De Una Sociedad No Racista. Caracas: Fondo Editorial Tropykos.
  • Moreno Figueroa, M. G. 2010. “Distributed Intensities: Whiteness, Mestizaje and the Logics of Mexican Racism.” Ethnicities 10 (3): 387–401. doi:10.1177/1468796810372305.
  • Murakawa, N., and K. Beckett. 2010. “The Penology of Racial Innocence: The Erasure of Racism in the Study and Practice of Punishment.” Law & Society Review 44 (3/4): 695–730. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5893.2010.00420.x.
  • Nakamura, L., and P. A. Chow-White. 2013. “Introduction. Race and Digital Technology: Code, the Color Line, and the Information Society.” In Race after the Internet, edited by L. Nakamura and P. Chow-White, 7–24. New York: Routledge.
  • Paschel, T. S. 2016. Becoming Black Political Subjects: Movements and Ethno-Racial Rights in Colombia and Brazil. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Postero, N. 2005. “Indigenous Responses to Neoliberalism.” PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review 28 (1): 73–92. doi:10.1525/pol.2005.28.issue-1.
  • Prasad, P. 2016. “Beyond Rights as Recognition: Black Twitter and Posthuman Coalitional Possibilities.” Prose Studies 38 (1): 50–73. doi:10.1080/01440357.2016.1151763.
  • Quiñones, N. 2017. “Cine Citta Caracas Facebook Page”. Facebook post, June 13, 2017. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/cinecittacaracas/
  • Rahier, J. M. 2003. “Introduction: Mestizaje, Mulataje, Mestiçagem in Latin American Ideologies of National Identities.” Journal of Latin American Anthropology 8 (1): 40–50. doi:10.1525/jlca.2003.8.1.40.
  • Rahier, J. M. 2011. “From Invisibilidad to Participation in State Corporatism: Afro-Ecuadorians and the Constitutional Processes of 1998 and 2008.” Identities 18 (5): 502–527. doi:10.1080/1070289X.2011.671712.
  • Rauch, S. M., and K. Schanz. 2013. “Advancing Racism with Facebook: Frequency and Purpose of Facebook Use and the Acceptance of Prejudiced and Egalitarian Messages.” Computers in Human Behavior 29 (3): 610–615. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.11.011.
  • Ruette-Orihuela, K., and H. C. Arias. 2017. “‘cimarronaje Institucional:’ Ethno-racial Legal Status and the Subversive Institutionalization of Afrodescendant Organizations in Bolivarian Venezuela.” The Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology 22 (2): 320–338. doi:10.1111/jlca.2017.22.issue-2.
  • Schiller, N. 2013. “Reckoning with Press Freedom: Community Media, Liberalism, and the Processual State in Caracas, Venezuela.” American Ethnologist 40 (3): 540–554. doi:10.1111/amet.12038.
  • Serrano, M. 2017. “Cine Citta Caracas Facebook Page”. Facebook post, June 13, 2017. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/cinecittacaracas/
  • Squires, C. R. 2014. The Post-Racial Mystique: Media and Race in the Twenty-first Century. New York: NYU Press.
  • Thelen, T., L. Vetters, and K. von Benda-Beckmann, eds. 2017. Stategraphy: Toward a Relational Anthropology of the State. Vol. 4. New York: Berghahn Books.
  • Valencia, C. 2015. We are the State! Barrio Activism in Venezuela’s Bolivarian Revolution. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
  • Wade, P. 2005. “Rethinking Mestizaje: Ideology and Lived Experience.” Journal of Latin American Studies 37 (2): 239–257. doi:10.1017/S0022216X05008990.
  • Wright, W. R. 1990. Café Con Leche: Race, Class, and National Image in Venezuela. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Legislation

  • Ley Orgánica Contra la Discriminación Racial. “Gaceta Oficial No. 39.823 De 19 De Diciembre De 2011.” República Bolivariana de Venezuela.
  • Ley Orgánica de Procedimientos Administrativos. 1981. “Gaceta Oficial No 2.818 Extraordinaria De 10 De Julio De 1981.” República Bolivariana de Venezuela.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.