Geology of the Gobi and Mongol Altai junction enhanced by gravity analysis: a key for understanding of the Mongolian Altaides

References

• Badarch, G. , Cunningham, W. D. , & Windley, B. F. (2002). A new terrane subdivision for Mongolia: Implications for the Phanerozoic crustal growth of Central Asia. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences , 21 (1), 87–110. doi: 10.1016/S1367-9120(02)00017-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baikova, V. S. , & Amelin, Y. V. (1994). Sm–Nd age of Gashunuur dyke complex (Mongolia) (in Russian). Doklady Akademii Nauk, Geologia , 334 (3), 343–345.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blakely, R. J. , & Simpson, R. W. (1986). Approximating edges of source bodies from magnetic or gravity anomalies. Geophysics , 51 (7), 1494–1498. doi: 10.1190/1.1442197
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broussolle, A. , Sun, M. , Schulmann, K. , Guy, A. , Aguilar, C. , Štípská, P. , …  Xiao, W. (2019). Are the Chinese Altai “terranes” the result of juxtaposition of different crustal levels during Late Devonian and Permian orogenesis? Gondwana Research , 66 , 183–206. doi: 10.1016/J.GR.2018.11.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burenjargal, U. , Okamoto, A. , Kuwatani, T. , Sakata, S. , Hirata, T. , & Tsuchiya, N. (2014). Thermal evolution of the Tseel Terrane, SW Mongolia and its relation to granitoid intrusions in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Journal of Metamorphic Geology , 32 (7), 765–790. doi: 10.1111/jmg.12090
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burenjargal, U. , Okamoto, A. , Tsuchiya, N. , Uno, M. , Horie, K. , & Hokada, T. (2016). Contrasting geochemical signatures of Devonian and Permian granitoids from the Tseel Terrane, SW Mongolia. Journal of Geosciences , 61 (1), 51–66. doi: 10.3190/jgeosci.210
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buriánek, D. , Hanžl, P. , Budil, P. , & Gerdes, A. (2012). Evolution of the early Permian volcanic-plutonic complex in the western part of the Permian Gobi-Altay rift (Khar Argalant Mts., SW Mongolia). Journal of Geosciences , 57 (2), 105–126. doi: 10.3190/jgeosci.116
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buriánek, D. , Hanžl, P. , Erban, V. , Gilíková, H. , & Bolormaa, K. (2008). The Early Cretaceous volcanic activity in the western part of the Gobi-Altay rift (Shiliin Nuruu, SW Mongolia). Journal of Geosciences , 53 (2), 167–180. doi: 10.3190/jgeosci.026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buriánek, D. , Schulmann, K. , Hrdličková, K. , Hanžl, P. , Janoušek, V. , Gerdes, A. , & Lexa, O. (2017). Geochemical and geochronological constraints on distinct Early-Neoproterozoic and Cambrian accretionary events along southern margin of the Baydrag Continent in western Mongolia. Gondwana Research , 47 , 200–227. doi: 10.1016/J.GR.2016.09.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cordell, L. (1979). Gravimetric expression of graben faulting in Santa Fe country and the Espanola Basin. In R. V. Ingersoll (Ed.), Guidebook to Santa Fe country: New Mexico Geol. Soc. Guidebook (pp. 59–64). Socorro: New Mexico Geological Society.
   Google Scholar
• Cunningham, D. (2005). Active intracontinental transpressional mountain building in the Mongolian Altai: Defining a new class of orogen. Earth and Planetary Science Letters , 240 (2), 436–444. doi: 10.1016/J.EPSL.2005.09.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham, D. (2010). Tectonic setting and structural evolution of the Late Cenozoic Gobi Altai Orogen. In T. M. Kusky , M. G. Zhai , & W. Xiao (Eds.), Geological Society, London, special Publications ( Vol. 338, pp. 361–387). London : Geological Society of London. doi: 10.1144/sp338.17
   Google Scholar
• Demoux, A. , Kröner, A. , Badarch, G. , Jian, P. , Tomurhuu, D. , & Wingate, M. T. D. (2009). Zircon ages from the Baydrag Block and the Bayankhongor Ophiolite Zone: Time constraints on Late Neoproterozoic to Cambrian subduction- and accretion-related Magmatism in Central Mongolia. The Journal of Geology , 117 (4), 377–397. doi: 10.1086/598947
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dogru, F. , Pamukcu, O. , & Ozsoz, I. (2017). Application of tilt angle method to the Bouguer gravity data of Western Anatolia. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration , 155 , 45–45. doi: 10.19111/bulletinofmre.305177
   Google Scholar
• Edel, J. B. , Schulmann, K. , Hanžl, P. , & Lexa, O. (2014). Palaeomagnetic and structural constraints on 90° anticlockwise rotation in SW Mongolia during the Permo-Triassic: Implications for Altaid oroclinal bending. Preliminary palaeomagnetic results. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences , 94 , 157–171. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.07.039
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filippova, I. V. , Suetenko, O. D. , & Levintov, M. E. (1990). Explanation text to Geological map of Western Mongolia in the scale 1 : 500,000. The Volume 1, Stratigraphy. (in Russian) . Moscow : AN SSSR.
   Google Scholar
• Hanžl, P. , & Aichler, J. (2007). Geological survey of the Mongolian Altay at a scale of 1: 50,000 (Zamtyn Nuruu - 50) . Ulaanbaatar : Unpublished manuscript, Geological Information Centre, MRPAM.
   Google Scholar
• Hanžl, P. , Bat-Ulzii, D. , Rejchrt, M. , Košler, J. , Bolormaa, K. , & Hrdličková, K. (2008). Geology and geochemistry of the Palaeozoic plutonic bodies of the Trans-Altay Gobi, SW Mongolia: Implications for magmatic processes in an accreted volcanic-arc system. Journal of Geosciences , 53 (2), 201–234. doi: 10.3190/jgeosci.028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanžl, P. , Krejčí, Z. , Altanbaatar, B. , Lexa, O. , Buriánek, D. , Janoušek, V. , …  Hrdličková, K. (2017). Geology of the Gobi Altai and Tseel terranes in the central part of the Sagsai River Watershed, SE Mongolian Altai. Journal of Maps , 13 (2), 270–275. doi: 10.1080/17445647.2017.1297260
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanžl, P. , Schulmann, K. , Janoušek, V. , Lexa, O. , Hrdličková, K. , Jiang, Y. , …  Erban, V. (2016). Making continental crust: Origin of Devonian orthogneisses from SE Mongolian Altai. Journal of Geosciences , 25–50. doi: 10.3190/jgeosci.206
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helo, C. , Hegner, E. , Kröner, A. , Badarch, G. , Tomurtogoo, O. , Windley, B. F. , & Dulski, P. (2006). Geochemical signature of Paleozoic accretionary complexes of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt in South Mongolia: Constraints on arc environments and crustal growth. Chemical Geology , 227 (3–4), 236–257. doi: 10.1016/J.CHEMGEO.2005.10.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendrix, M. S. , Davis, G. A. , Lamb, M. A. , & Badarch, G. (2007). Paleozoic sedimentary basins and volcanic arc systems of southern Mongolia: New geochemical and petrographic constraints. In Paleozoic and Mesozoic Tectonic Evolution of Central and Eastern Asia: From Continental Assembly to Intracontinental Deformation. Geological Society of America. doi:10.1130/0-8137-1194-0.117
   Google Scholar
• Hrdličková, K. , Bolormaa, K. , Buriánek, D. , Hanžl, P. , Gerdes, A. , Janoušek, V. , …  Janousek, V. (2008). Petrology and age of metamorphosed rock in tectonic slices inside the Palaeozoic sediments of the eastern Mongolian Altay, SW Mongolia. Journal of Geosciences , 53 (2), 139–165. doi: 10.3190/jgeosci.027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hrdličková, K. , Gerdes, A. , Gilíková, H. , Bat-Ulzii, D. , & Hanžl, P. (2010). Burd Gol granite massif as a product of the late Cambrian post-orogenic magmatism in the SE part of the Lake Zone, Gobi Altay, SW Mongolia. Journal of Geosciences , 55 (4), 369–386. doi: 10.3190/jgeosci.081
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janoušek, V. , Jiang, Y. , Buriánek, D. , Schulmann, K. , Hanžl, P. , Soejono, I. , …  Košler, J. (2018). Cambrian–ordovician magmatism of the Ikh-Mongol Arc system exemplified by the Khantaishir Magmatic Complex (Lake Zone, south–central Mongolia). Gondwana Research , 54 , 122–149. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2017.10.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janoušek, V. , Jiang, Y. , Schulmann, K. , Buriánek, D. , Hanžl, P. , Lexa, O. , …  Battushig, A. (2014). The age, nature and likely genesis of the Cambrian Khantaishir arc, Lake Zone, Mongolia. Geophysical Research Abstracts , 16 , EGU2014–6108.
   Google Scholar
• Jian, P. , Kröner, A. , Jahn, B. , Windley, B. F. , Shi, Y. , Zhang, W. , …  Liu, D. (2014). Zircon dating of Neoproterozoic and Cambrian ophiolites in West Mongolia and implications for the timing of orogenic processes in the central part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Earth-Science Reviews , 133 , 62–93. doi: 10.1016/J.EARSCIREV.2014.02.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, Y. D. , Schulmann, K. , Kröner, A. , Sun, M. , Lexa, O. , Janoušek, V. , …  Hanžl, P. (2017). Neoproterozoic–Early Paleozoic Peri-Pacific accretionary evolution of the Mongolian Collage System: Insights from geochemical and U–Pb zircon data from the Ordovician sedimentary wedge in the Mongolian Altai. Tectonics , 36 (11), 2305–2331. doi: 10.1002/2017TC004533
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovalenko, V. I. , Yarmolyuk, V. V. , & Bogatikov, O. A. (1995). Magmatism, Geodynamics and Metallogeny of Central Asia . Moscow : Miko Commercial Herald Publisher.
   Google Scholar
• Kozakov, I. K. , Sal’nikova, E. B. , Wang, T. , Didenko, A. N. , Plotkina, Y. V. , & Podkovyrov, V. N. (2007). Early Precambrian crystalline complexes of the Central Asian microcontinent: Age, sources, tectonic position. Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation , 15 (2), 121–140. doi: 10.1134/S0869593807020013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozakov, I. K. , Kovach, V. P. , Bibikova, E. V. , Kirnozova, T. I. , Zagornaya, N. Y. , Plotkina, Y. V. , & Podkovyrov, V. N. (2007). Age and sources of granitoids in the junction zone of the Caledonides and Hercynides in southwestern Mongolia: Geodynamic implications (in Russian). Petrology , 15 , 126–150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozlovsky, A. M. , Yarmolyuk, V. V. , Salnikova, E. B. , Travin, A. V. , Kotov, A. B. , Plotkina, J. V. , …  Savatenkov, V. M. (2015). Late Paleozoic anorogenic magmatism of the Gobi Altai (SW Mongolia): Tectonic position, geochronology and correlation with igneous activity of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences , 113 , 524–541. doi: 10.1016/J.JSEAES.2015.01.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kröner, A. , Lehmann, J. , Schulmann, K. , Demoux, A. , Lexa, O. , Tomurhuu, D. , …  Wingate, M. T. D. (2010). Lithostratigraphic and geochronological constraints on the evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt in SW Mongolia: Early Paleozoic rifting followed by Late Paleozoic accretion. American Journal of Science , 310 (7), 523–574. doi: 10.2475/07.2010.01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehmann, J. , Schulmann, K. , Lexa, O. , Corsini, M. , Kröner, A. , Štípská, P. , …  Otgonbator, D. (2010). Structural constraints on the evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt in SW Mongolia. American Journal of Science , 310 (7), 575–628. doi: 10.2475/07.2010.02
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehmann, J. , Schulmann, K. , Lexa, O. , Závada, P. , Štípská, P. , Hasalová, P. , …  Corsini, M. (2017). Detachment folding of partially molten crust in accretionary orogens: A new magma-enhanced vertical mass and heat transfer mechanism. Lithosphere , 9 (6), 889–909. doi: 10.1130/L670.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levashova, N. M. , Gibsher, A. S. , & Meert, J. G. (2011). Precambrian microcontinents of the Ural–Mongolian Belt: New paleomagnetic and geochronological data. Geotectonics , 45 (1), 51–70. doi: 10.1134/s0016852111010043
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markova, N. G. (1975). Stratigraphy of the lower and Middle Paleeozoic of Western Mongolia (in Russian). Transactions of Joint Soviet-Mongolian Scientific research Geological Expedition (Vol. 12) . Moscow : Nauka Press.
   Google Scholar
• Markova, N. G. , & Sharkova, T. T. (1977). Silurian and Devonian of South Mongolia (in Russian). In N. S. Zaitsev , & A. L. Yanshin (Eds.), Osnovnye problemy geologii Mongolii (Vol. 22, pp. 52–61). Moscow : Nauka.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, H. G. , & Singh, V. (1994). Potential field tilt—a new concept for location of potential field sources. Journal of Applied Geophysics , 32 (2–3), 213–217. doi: 10.1016/0926-9851(94)90022-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mossakovsky, A. A. , Ruzhentsev, S. V. , Samygin, S. G. , & Kheraskova, T. N. (1994). Central Asian Fold Belt: Geodynamic evolution and formation history. Geotectonics , 27 , 445–474.
   Google Scholar
• Nabighian, M. N. (1974). Additional comments on the analytic signal of two-dimensional magnetic bodies with polygonal cross-section. Geophysics , 39 (1), 85–92. doi: 10.1190/1.1440416
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen, H. , Hanžl, P. , Janoušek, V. , Schulmann, K. , Ulrich, M. , Jiang, Y. , …  Deiller, P. (2018). Geochemistry and geochronology of Mississippian volcanic rocks from SW Mongolia: Implications for terrane subdivision and magmatic arc activity in the Trans-Altai Zone. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences , 164 , 322–343. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2018.06.029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavlis, N. K. , Holmes, S. A. , Kenyon, S. C. , & Factor, J. K. (2012). The development and evaluation of the Earth Gravitational model 2008 (EGM2008). Journal of Geophysical Research , 117 , 1–38 B04406, doi:10.1029/2011JB008916
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perfiliev, A. S. , & Kheraskov, N. N. (1980). The diabase complexes and the problem of the tectonic layering of the oceanic crust. In Peive A.V. (Ed.), Tectonic Layering of the Lithosphere Transactions (pp. 64–104, Vol. 343). Moscow : Nauka.
   Google Scholar
• Rauzer, A. A. , Zhanchiv, D. I. , Golyakov, V. I. , Ykhina, I. F. , Ivanov, I. G. , Tsukernik, A. B. , …  Enkhsajkhan, T. (1987). Report on results of geological survey at a scale of 1 : 200,000, performed in southeast part of the Mongolian Altai, Mongolian National Republic in 1983–1986 (in Russsian) . Moscow : Tekhnoexport.
   Google Scholar
• Ruzhentsev, S. V. , & Burashnikov, V. V. (1995). Tectonics of the Salairides in Western Mongolia (in Russian). Geotectonics , 29 , 25–40.
   Google Scholar
• Ruzhentsev, S. V. , & Mossakovski, A. A. (1995). Geodynamics and tectonic evolution of the Central Asian Paleozoic structures as the result of the interaction between Pacific and Indo-Atlantic segments of the Earth. Geotectonics , 29 (4), 294–311.
   Google Scholar
• Ruzhentsev, S. V. , & Pospelov, I. I. (1992). The South-Mongolian Variscan fold system. (in Russian). Geotektonika , 30 (5), 45–62.
   Google Scholar
• Sengör, A. M. C. , Nataĺin, B. A. , & Burtman, V. S. (1993). Evolution of the Altaid tectonic collage and Paleozoic crustal growth in Eurasia. Nature , 364 , 299–307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skuzovatov, S. Y. , Shatsky, V. S. , Dril, S. I. , & Perepelov, A. B. (2018). Elemental and isotopic (Nd–Sr–O) geochemistry of eclogites from the Zamtyn-Nuruu area (SW Mongolia): Crustal contribution and relation to Neoproterozoic subduction-accretion events. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences , 167 , 33–51. doi: 10.1016/J.JSEAES.2017.11.032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soejono, I. , Čáp, P. , Míková, J. , Janoušek, V. , Buriánek, D. , & Schulmann, K. (2018). Early Palaeozoic sedimentary record and provenance of flysch sequences in the Hovd Zone (western Mongolia): Implications for the geodynamic evolution of the Altai accretionary wedge system. Gondwana Research , 64 , 163–183. doi: 10.1016/J.GR.2018.07.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Štípská, P. , Schulmann, K. , Lehmann, J. , Corsini, M. , Lexa, O. , & Tomurhuu, D. (2010). Early Cambrian eclogites in SW Mongolia: Evidence that the Palaeo-Asian Ocean suture extends further east than expected. Journal of Metamorphic Geology , 28 (9), 915–933. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1314.2010.00899.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Togtokh, J. , Banzragch, B. , Gunbileg, G. , Amgalanbayar, B. , & Altangerel, A. (2014). 1:200,000 scale geological mapping “SGM-200 Southern Mongolia-IV”, 2010-2013 (in Mongolian) . Ulaanbaatar : Geomin LLC.
   Google Scholar
• Ufliand, A. K. , Filippova, I. B. , Chekhovich, M. V. , Durante, M. V. , & Savin, V. E. (1966). Geological structure of western part of Gobi Altai, report on geological survey at a scale 1:1,000,000, part of map sheet L-47-G (in Russian) . Moscow : Tekhnoexport.
   Google Scholar
• Windley, B. F. , Alexeiev, D. , Xiao, W. , Kröner, A. , & Badarch, G. (2007). Tectonic models for the accretion of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Journal of the Geological Society of London , 164 (1), 31–47. doi: 10.1144/0016-76492006-022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao, W. J. , Windley, B. F. , Huang, B. C. , Han, C. M. , Yuan, C. , Chen, H. L. , …  Li, J. L. (2009). End-Permian to mid-Triassic termination of the accretionary processes of the southern Altaids: Implications for the geodynamic evolution, Phanerozoic continental growth, and metallogeny of Central Asia. International Journal of Earth Sciences , 98 (6), 1189–1217. doi: 10.1007/s00531-008-0407-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarmolyuk, V. V. (1983). Late Palaeozoic volcanism of continental rift structures of Central Asia (in Russian) . Moscow : Nauka.
   Google Scholar
• Yarmolyuk, V. V. (1986). Speciality of structural position of continental rift structures of Mongolia (in Russian). Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Geol , 9 , 3–15.
   Google Scholar
• Yarmolyuk, V. V. , Kovalenko, V. I. , Sal’nikova, E. B. , Kovach, V. P. , Kozlovsky, A. M. , Kotov, A. B. , & Lebedev, V. I. (2008). Geochronology of igneous rocks and formation of the Late Paleozoic south Mongolian active margin of the Siberian Continent. Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation , 16 (2), 162–181. doi: 10.1134/s0869593808020056
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zonenshain, L. P. (1970). Summarizing report about results of group geological survey at a scale 1:1,000,000 done by expedition in years 1964-1966 (in Russian) . Moscow : Unpublished manuscript.
   Google Scholar
• Zonenshain, L. P. , & Kuzmin, M. I. (1978). The Khan-Taischir ophiolitic complex of Western Mongolia, its petrology, origin and comparison with other ophiolitic complexes. Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology , 67 (1), 95–109. doi: 10.1007/BF00371637
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar