Harmonizing multi-source backscatter data using bulk shift approaches to generate regional seabed maps: Bay of Fundy, Canada

References

• Amos, C. L., Buckley, D. E., Daborn, G. R., Dalrymple, R. W., McCann, S. B., & Risk, M. J. (1980). Field Trip Guidebook, Trip 23: Geomorphology and sedimentology of the Bay of Fundy. Halifax ‘80: A joint annual meeting of the Geological Association of Canada and the Mineralogical Association of Canada, p. 83.
   Google Scholar
• Archer, A. W., & Hubbard, M. S. (2003). Extreme depositional environments: Mega end members in geologic time. Geological Society of America. https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2370-1.151
   Google Scholar
• Brown, C. J., & Blondel, P. (2009). Developments in the application of multibeam sonar backscatter for seafloor habitat mapping. Applied Acoustics, 70(10), 1242–1247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2008.08.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, C. J., Sameoto, J. A., & Smith, S. J. (2012). Multiple methods, maps, and management applications: Purpose made seafloor maps in support of ocean management. Journal of Sea Research, 72, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2012.04.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Che Hasan, R., Ierodiaconou, D., & Laurenson, L. (2012). Combining angular response classification and backscatter imagery segmentation for benthic biological habitat mapping. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 97, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2011.10.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Falco, G., Tonielli, R., Di Martino, G., Innangi, S., Simeone, S., & Michael Parnum, I. (2010). Relationships between multibeam backscatter, sediment grain size and Posidonia oceanica seagrass distribution. Continental Shelf Research, 30(18), 1941–1950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2010.09.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fader, G. B., King, L. H., MacLean, B., & Canadian Hydrographic Service. (1977). Surficial geology of the eastern Gulf of Maine and Bay of Fundy. Fisheries and Environment Canada, Fisheries and Marine Service.
   Google Scholar
• Fonseca, L., & Mayer, L. (2007). Remote estimation of surficial seafloor properties through the application angular range analysis to multibeam sonar data. Marine Geophysical Researches, 28(2), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11001-007-9019-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg, D. A. (1984). A review of the physical oceanography of the Bay of Fundy (Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 1256), Update of the Marine Environmental Consequences of Tidal Power Development in the Upper Reaches of the Bay of Fundy. Ottawa.
   Google Scholar
• Hughes Clarke, J. E., Iwanowska, K. K., Parrott, R., Duffy, G., Lamplugh, M., & Griffin, J. (2008). Inter-calibrating multi-source, multi-platform backscatter data sets to assist in compiling regional sediment type maps: Bay of Fundy. In Proceedings of the Canadian Hydrographic Conference and National Surveyors Conference 2008 (p. 22). Victoria, BC, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Ierodiaconou, D., Schimel, A. C. G., Kennedy, D., Monk, J., Gaylard, G., Young, M., Diesing, M., & Rattray, A. (2018). Combining pixel and object based image analysis of ultra-high resolution multibeam bathymetry and backscatter for habitat mapping in shallow marine waters. Marine Geophysical Research, 39(1-2), 271–288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11001-017-9338-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karsten, R. H., McMillan, J. M., Lickley, M. J., & Haynes, R. D. (2008). Assessment of tidal current energy in the Minas Passage, Bay of Fundy. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, 222(5), 493–507. https://doi.org/10.1243/09576509JPE555
   Google Scholar
• Lamarche, G., & Lurton, X. (2018). Recommendations for improved and coherent acquisition and processing of backscatter data from seafloor-mapping sonars. Marine Geophysical Research, 39(1-2), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11001-017-9315-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamarche, G., Lurton, X., Verdier, A.-L., & Augustin, J.-M. (2011). Quantitative characterisation of seafloor substrate and bedforms using advanced processing of multibeam backscatter—application to Cook Strait, New Zealand. Continental Shelf Research, 31(2), S93–S109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2010.06.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, M. Z., Hannah, C. G., Perrie, W. A., Tang, C. C. L., Prescott, R. H., & Greenberg, D. A. (2015). Modelling seabed shear stress, sediment mobility, and sediment transport in the Bay of Fundy. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 52(9), 757–775. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0211
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucieer, V., Roche, M., Degrendele, K., Malik, M., Dolan, M., & Lamarche, G. (2018). User expectations for multibeam echo sounders backscatter strength data-looking back into the future. Marine Geophysical Research, 39(1-2), 23–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11001-017-9316-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lurton, X. (2010). An introduction to underwater acoustics: Principles and applications (3rd ed.). Springer-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Malik, M., Schimel, A. C. G., Masetti, G., Roche, M., Le Deunf, J., Dolan, M. F. J., Beaudoin, J., Augustin, J.-M., Hamilton, T., & Parnum, I. (2019). Results from the first phase of the seafloor backscatter processing software inter-comparison project. Geosciences, 9(12), 516. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9120516
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misiuk, B., Brown, C. J., Robert, K., & Lacharité, M. (2020). Harmonizing multi-source sonar backscatter datasets for seabed mapping using bulk shift approaches. Remote Sensing, 12(4), 601. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12040601
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misiuk, B., Lacharité, M., & Brown, C. J. (2021). Assessing the use of harmonized multisource backscatter data for thematic benthic habitat mapping. Science of Remote Sensing, 3, 100015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srs.2021.100015
   Google Scholar
• Parrot, D. R., Beaver, D., Fraser, P., Hayward, S., Patton, E., Griffin, J., & Lamplugh, M. (2010a). Cruise Report Matthew 2008030 and 2008042 Bay of Fundy 17 September to 3 November 2008 (Open File No. 6229). Geological Survey of Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Parrot, D. R., Fraser, P., Hayward, S., Patton, E., & Griffin, J. (2010d). Cruise Report Matthew 2009053 Bay of Fundy 9 October to 4 November 2009 (Open File No. 6473). Geological Survey of Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Parrot, D. R., Patton, E., Hayward, S., Duffy, G., MacGowan, B., & Rodger, G. (2010e). Cruise Report Creed IML 2007-022 and IML 2007-023 Bay of Fundy 12 July - 30 August 2007 (Open File No. 6475). Geological Survey of Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Parrott, D. R., Beaver, D., Hayward, S., & Patton, E. (2010b). Cruise Report Creed 2008030 - Bay of Fundy 22 June −26 July 2008 (Open File No. 6227). Geological Survey of Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Parrott, D. R., Duffy, G., Girouard, P., Hayward, S., Patton, E., MacGowan, G., Rodger, G., Sabadash, K., & Smith, A. (2010c). Cruise Report Creed IML 2006-030 - Bay of Fundy 12 June - 17 August 2006 (Open File No. 5584). Geological Survey of Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Parrott, D. R., Hayward, S., Fraser, P., Lamplugh, M., & Griffin, J. (2013). Cruise Report Matthew 2007006 and 2007016: Bay of Fundy 3 May - 16 June 2007 (Open File No. 6474). Geological Survey of Canada. https://doi.org/10.4095/292368
   Google Scholar
• R Core Team. (2019). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
   Google Scholar
• Rice, G., & Cooper, R. (2015). Chapter 5: Acquisition: Best practice guide. In X. Lurton, G. Lamarche, K. Degrendele, F. Gutierrez, N. Le Bouffant, & M. Roche (Eds.), Backscatter measurements by seafloor-mapping sonars: Guidelines and recommendations. GeoHab Backscatter Working Group.
   Google Scholar
• Shaw, J., Todd, B. J., & Li, M. Z. (2012). Seascapes, Bay of Fundy, offshore Nova Scotia/New Brunswick. Geological Survey of Canada Open File, 7028. https://doi.org/10.4095/292047
   Google Scholar
• Strong, J. A., Service, M., Plets, R., Clements, A., & Quinn, R. (2012). Marine substratum and biotope maps of the Maidens/Klondyke bedrock outcrops, Northern Ireland. Journal of Maps, 8, 129–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2012.680746
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todd, B. J., Shaw, J., Li, M. Z., Kostylev, V. E., & Wu, Y. (2014). Distribution of subtidal sedimentary bedforms in a macrotidal setting: The Bay of Fundy, Atlantic Canada. Continental Shelf Research, 83, 64–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2013.11.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todd, B. J., Shaw, J., & Parrott, D. R. (2011a). Shaded seafloor relief, Bay of Fundy, sheet 1, offshore Nova Scotia - New Brunswick (Map No. 2174A). Geological Survey of Canada. https://doi.org/10.4095/288678
   Google Scholar
• Todd, B. J., Shaw, J., Parrott, D. R., Hughes Clarke, J. E., Cartwright, D., & Hayward, S. E. (2011b). Backscatter strength and shaded seafloor relief, Bay of Fundy, sheet 1, offshore Nova Scotia - New Brunswick (Open File No. 7024). Geological Survey of Canada. https://doi.org/10.4095/289508
   Google Scholar
• Wade, J. A., Brown, D. E., Traverse, A., & Fensome, R. A. (1996). The Triassic-Jurassic Fundy Basin, eastern Canada: Regional setting, stratigraphy and hydrocarbon potential. Atlantic Geology, 32. https://doi.org/10.4138/2088
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber, T. C., & Lurton, X. (2015). Chapter 2: Background and fundamentals. In X. Lurton & G. Lamarche (Eds.), Backscatter measurements by seafloor-mapping sonars: Guidelines and recommendations. GeoHab Backscatter Working Group.
   Google Scholar
• Wentworth, C. K. (1922). A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments. The Journal of Geology, 30(5), 377–392. https://doi.org/10.1086/622910
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, B. R., Brown, C. J., Sameoto, J. A., Lacharité, M., Redden, A. M., & Gazzola, V. (2021). Mapping seafloor habitats in the Bay of Fundy to assess megafaunal assemblages associated with Modiolus modiolus beds. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 252, 107294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107294
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, Y., Chaffey, J., Greenberg, D. A., Colbo, K., & Smith, P. C. (2011). Tidally-induced sediment transport patterns in the upper Bay of Fundy: A numerical study. Continental Shelf Research, 31(19-20), 2041–2053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2011.10.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar