142
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Theme: Endocrine Oncology - Review

Understanding the effect of acromegaly on the human skeleton

, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 263-270 | Received 26 Nov 2015, Accepted 13 Apr 2016, Published online: 06 May 2016

References

  • Giustina A, Chanson P, Kleinberg D, et al. Expert consensus document: A consensus on the medical treatment of acromegaly. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2014;10:243–248.
  • Giustina A, Mazziotti G, Canalis E. Growth hormone, insuline-like growth factors, and the skeleton. Endocr Rev. 2008;29:535–559.
  • Canalis E, McCarthy T, Centrella M. Isolation and characterization of insulin-like growth factor I (somatomedin-C) from cultures of fetal rat calvariae. Endocrinology. 1988;122:22–27.
  • Mohan S, Jennings JC, Linkhart TA, et al. Primary structure of human skeletal growth factor: homology with human insulin-like growth factor-II. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1988;966:44–55.
  • Killinger Z, Kuzma M, Sterancakova L, et al. Osteoarticular changes in acromegaly. Int J Endocrinol. 2012;2012:839282.
  • Hubina E, Lakatos P, Kovacs L, et al. Effects of 24 months of growth hormone (GH) treatment on serum carboxylated and undercarboxylated osteocalcin levels in GH-deficient adults. Calcif Tissue Int. 2004;74:55–59.
  • Sugiyama T, Kawai S. Carboxylation of osteocalcin may be related to bone quality: a possible mechanism of bone fracture prevention by vitamin K. J Bone Miner Res. 2001;19:146–149.
  • Daughaday WH, Hall K, Raben MS, et al. Somatomedin: proposed designation for sulphation factor. Nature. 1972;235:107.
  • Green H, Morikawa M, Nixon T. A dual effector theory of growth-hormone action. Differentiation. 1985;29:195–198.
  • Zezulak KM, Green H. The generation of insulin-like growth factor-1—sensitive cells by growth hormone action. Science. 1986;233:551–553.
  • Lupu F, Terwilliger JD, Lee K, et al. Roles of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 in mouse postnatal growth. Dev Biol. 2001;229:141–162.
  • Lancer SR, Bowser EN, Hargis GK. The effect of growth hormone on parathyroid function in rats. Endocrinology. 1976;98:1289–1293.
  • Wei S, Tanaka H, Kubo T, et al. Growth hormone increases serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels and decreases 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in children with growth hormone deficiency. Eur J Endocrinol. 1997;136:45–51.
  • Ohlsson C, Nilsson A, Isaksson O, et al. Growth hormone induces multiplication of the slowly cycling germinal cells of the rat tibial growth plate. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992;89:9826–9830.
  • McCarthy TL, Centrella M, Canalis E. Cyclic AMP induces insulin-like growth factor I synthesis in osteoblast-enriched cultures. J Biol Chem. 1990;265:15353–15356.
  • Canalis E, Pash J, Gabbitas B, et al. Growth factors regulate the synthesis of insulin-like growth factor-I in bone cell cultures. Endocrinology. 1993;133:33–38.
  • Canalis E, Rydziel S, Delany AM, et al. Insulin-like growth factors inhibit interstitial collagenase synthesis in bone cell cultures. Endocrinology. 1995;136:1348–1354.
  • Playford MP, Bicknell D, Bodmer WF, et al. Insulin-like growth factor 1 regulates the location, stability, and transcriptional activity of β-catenin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000;97:12103–12108.
  • Krishnan V, Bryant HU, MacDougald OA. Regulation of bone mass by Wnt signaling. J Clin Invest. 2006;116:1202–1209.
  • Mochizuki H, Hakeda Y, Wakatsuki N, et al. Insulin-like growth factor-I supports formation and activation of osteoclasts. Endocrinology. 1992;131:1075–1080.
  • Niu T, Rosen CJ. The insulin-like growth factor-I gene and osteoporosis: a critical appraisal. Gene. 2005;361:38–56.
  • Zhao G, Monier-Faugere MC, Langub MC, et al. Targeted overexpression of insulin-like growth factor I to osteoblasts of transgenic mice: increased trabecular bone volume without increased osteoblast proliferation. Endocrinology. 2000;141:2674–2682.
  • Birnbaum RS, Wiren KM. Changes in insulin-like growth factor-binding protein expression and secretion during the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of primary cultures of rat osteoblasts. Endocrinology. 1994;135:223–230.
  • Canalis E, Giustina A, Bilezikian JP. Mechanism of anabolic therapies for osteoporosis: an update. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:905–916.
  • Vasikaran S, Eastell R, Bruyere O, et al. Markers of bone turnover for the prediction of fracture risk and monitoring of osteoporosis treatment: a need for international reference standards. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22:391–420.
  • Parkinson C, Kassem M, Heickendorff L, et al. Pegvisomant-induced serum insulin-like growth factor 1 normalization in patients with acromegaly returns elevated markers of bone turnover to normal. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:5650–5655.
  • Kamenicky P, Mazziotti G, Lombes M, et al. Growth hormone, insuline-like growth factor-1 and the kidney: pathophysiological and clinical implication. Endocr Rev. 2014;35:234–281.
  • Ajmal A, Haghshenas A, Attarian S, et al. The effect of somatostatin analogs on vitamin D and calcium concentrations in patients with acromegaly. Pituitary. 2014;17(4):366–373. doi:10.1007/s11102-013-0514-0.
  • Mormando, M, Chiloiro S, Piacentini S. Metabolismo osseo e rischio di frattura nel paziente acromegalico. Pituitary Focus Anno I. 2012;1(3):5–11.
  • Mazziotti G, Cimino V, De Menis E, et al. Active acromegaly enhances spontaneous parathyroid hormone pulsatility. Metabolism. 2006;55:736–740.
  • Scillitani A, Battista C, Chiodini I, et al. Bone mineral density in acromegaly: the effect of gender, disease activity and gonadal status. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2003;58:725–731.
  • Schousboe JT, Shepherd JA, Bilezichian JP. Executive summary of the 2013 international society for clinical densitometry position development conference on bone densitometry. J Clin Densitom. 2013;15:294–302.
  • Romijn JA. Acromegalic arthropathy: current perspectives. Endcorine. 2013;43:245–246.
  • Melmed S, Casanueva FF, Klibanski A, et al. A consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly complications. Pituitary. 2013;16:294–302.
  • Bonadonna S, Mazziotti G, Nuzzo M, et al. Increased prevalence of radiological spine deformities in active acromegaly: a cross-sectional study in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res. 2005;20:1837–1844.
  • Mazziotti G, Bianchi A, Bonadonna S, et al. Increased prevalence of radiological spinal deformities in adult patients with GH deficiency: influence of GH replacement therapy. J Bone Miner Res. 2006;21:520–528.
  • Mazziotti G, Porcelli T, Mormando M, et al. Vetrebral fractures in males with prolactinoma. Endocrine. 2011;39:288–293.
  • Mazziotti G, Bianchi A, Bonadonna S, et al. Prevalence of vertebral fractures in men with acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 2008;93:4649–4655.
  • Bolanowski M, Jedrzejuk D, Milewicz A, et al. Quantitative ultrasound of the heel and some parameters of bone turnover in patients with acromegaly. Osteoporos Int. 2002;13:303–308.
  • Battista C, Chiodini I, Muscarella S, et al. Spinal volumetric trabecular bone mass in acromegalic patients: a longitudinal study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2009;70:378–382.
  • Ueland T, Ebbesen EN, Thomsen JS, et al. Decreased trabecular bone biomechanical competence, apparent density, IGF-II and IGFBP-5 content in acromegaly. Eur J Clin Invest. 2002;32:122–128.
  • Crans GG, Genant HK, Krege JH. Prognostic utility of a semiquantitative spinal deformity index. Bone. 2005;37:175–179.
  • Mazziotti Chiavistelli Giustina. Pituitary disease and bone. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2015;44(1): 171–180. doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2014.10.014.
  • Wassenaar MJ, Biermasz NR, Hamdy NA, et al. High prevalence of vertebral fractures despite normal bone mineral density in patients with long-term controlled acromegaly. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;164(4):475–483. doi:10.1530/EJE-10-1005.
  • Padova G, Borzi G, Incorvaia L, et al. Prevalence of osteoporosis and vertebral fractures in acromegalic patients. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metabol. 2011;8:37–43.
  • Madeira M, Neto LV, Torres CH, et al. Vertebral fracture assessment in acromegaly. J Clin Densitom. 2013;16(2):238–2343. doi:10.1016/j.jocd.2012.06.002.
  • Brzana J, Yedinak CG, Hameed N, et al. FRAX score in acromegaly: does it tell the whole story? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2014;80:614–616.
  • Mazziotti G, Bianchi A, Porcelli T, et al. Vertebral fractures in patients with acromegaly: a 3-year prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98:3402–3410.
  • Claessen KM, Kroon HM, Pereira AM, et al. Progression of vertebral fractures despite long-term biochemical control of acromegaly: a prospective follow-up study. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 2013;98:4808–4815.
  • Mormando M, Nasto LA, Bianchi A, et al. GH receptor isoforms and skeletal fragility in acromegaly. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014;171(2):237–245.
  • Nasto LA, Fusco A, Colangelo D, et al. Clinical predictors of vertebral osteoporotic fractures in post menopausal women: a cross sectional analysis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2012;16:1227–1234.
  • Mazziotti G, Gola M, Bianchi A, et al. Influence of diabetes mellitus on vertebral fractures in men with acromegaly. Endocrine. 2011;40:102–108.
  • Jorge AA, Marchisotti FG, Montenegro LR, et al. Growth hormone (GH) pharmacogenetics influence of GH receptor exon 3 retention ore deletion on first-year growth response and final height in patients with severe GH deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 2006;91(3):1076–1080.
  • Bianchi A, Giustina A, Cimino V, et al. Influence of growth hormone receptor d3 and full-lenght isoforms on biochemical treatment outcomes in acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94:2015–2022.
  • Bianchi A, Mazziotti G, Tilaro L, et al. Growth hormone receptor polymorphism and the effect of pegvisomant in acromegaly. Pituitary. 2009;12:196–199.
  • Wassenar MJ, Biermasz NR, Pereira AM, et al. The exon 3-deleted growth hormone receptor polymorphism predisposes to long-term complications of acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 2009;94:4671–4678.
  • Colao A, Marzullo P, Vallone G, et al. Ultrasonographic evidence of joint thickening reversibility in acromegalic patients treated with lanreotide for 12 months. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1999;51:611–618.
  • Biermasz NR, van Thiel SW, Pereira AM, et al. Decreased quality of life in patients with acromegaly despite long-term cure of growth hormone excess. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:5369–5376.
  • Wassenaar MJ, Biermasz NR, van DN, et al. High prevalence of arthophaty, according to the definitions of radiological and clinical osteoarthritis, in patients with long-term cure of acromegaly: a case-control study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009;160:357–365.
  • Claessen KM, Ramautar SR, Pereira AM, et al. Progression of acromegalic arthropathy despite long-term biochemical control: a prospective, radiological study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2012;167:235–244.
  • Giustina A, Casanueva FF, Cavagnini F, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly complications. J Endocrinol Invest. 2003;26:1242–1247.
  • Claessern KM, Mazziotti G, Biermasz NR, et al. Bone and joint disorders in acromegaly. Nueroendocrinology. 2015;103(1):86–95.
  • Mazziotti G, Biagioli E, Maffezzoni F, et al. Bone turnover, bone mineral density and fracture risk in acromegaly: a meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;100(2):384–394.
  • Legovini P, De Menis E, Breda F, et al. Long-term effects of octreotide on markers of bone metabolism in acromegaly: evidence of increased serum parathormone concentrations. J Endocrinol Invest. 1997;20(8):434–438.
  • Mazziotti G, Porcelli T, Bianchi A, et al. Glucocorticoid replacement therapy and vertebral fractures in hypopitiutary adult males with GH deficiency. Eur J Endocrinol. 2010;163:15–20.
  • Mazziotti G, Mormando M, Cristiano A, et al. Association between l-thyroxine treatment, GH deficiency, and radiological vertebral fractures in patients with adult-onset hypopituitarism. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014;170:893–899.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.