240
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: prevalence and control rates

, &
Pages 175-179 | Received 02 Mar 2021, Accepted 10 May 2021, Published online: 17 May 2021

References

  • Lewington S, Whitlock G, Clarke R, et al.; Prospective Studies Collaboration. Blood cholesterol and vascular mortality by age, sex, and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of individual data from 61 prospective studies with 55,000 vascular deaths. Lancet. 2007;370:1829–1839.
  • Pérez De Isla L, Alonso R, Mata N, et al. SAFEHEART Investigators. Coronary heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and stroke in familial hypercholesterolaemia: insights from the SAFEHEART registry (Spanish Familial Hypercholesterolaemia cohort study). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2016;36(9):2004–2010.
  • Humphries SE, Cooper JA, Seed M, et al. Simon Broome Familial Hyperlipidaemia register group. Coronary heart disease mortality in treated familial hypercholesterolaemia: update of the UK Simon Broome FH register. Atherosclerosis. 2018;274:41–46.
  • Perez-Calahorra S, Laclaustra M, Marco-Benedí V, et al. Dyslipemia Registry of Spanish Arteriosclerosis society. Effect of lipid-lowering treatment in cardiovascular disease prevalence in familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis. 2019;284:245–252.
  • Versmissen J, Oosterveer DM, Yazdanpanah M, et al. Efficacy of statins in familial hypercholesterolaemia: a long term cohort study. BMJ. 2008;337:a2423.
  • Besseling J, Hovingh GK, Huijgen R, et al. Statins in Familial Hypercholesterolemia: consequences for coronary artery disease and all-cause mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(3):252–260.
  • Polychronopoulos G, Tziomalos K. Novel treatment options for the management of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2017;10(12):1375–1381.
  • Pećin I, Hartgers ML, Hovingh GK, et al. Prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia: the role of PCSK9 inhibitors. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017;24(13):1383–1401.
  • Nordestgaard BG, Chapman MJ, Humphries SE, et al. European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Familial hypercholesterolaemia is underdiagnosed and undertreated in the general population: guidance for clinicians to prevent coronary heart disease: consensus statement of the European Atherosclerosis Society. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(45):3478–3490.
  • Zamora A, Masana L, Comas-Cufí M, et al. XULA and ISV-Girona groups. Familial hypercholesterolemia in a European Mediterranean population-Prevalence and clinical data from 2.5 million primary care patients. J Clin Lipidol. 2017;11(4):1013–1022.
  • Guglielmi V, Bellia A, Pecchioli S, et al. What is the actual epidemiology of familial hypercholesterolemia in Italy? Evidence from a National Primary Care Database. Int J Cardiol. 2016;223:701–705.
  • Green P, Neely D, Humphries SE. Medway FH Audit Steering Committee. Improving detection of familial hypercholesterolaemia in primary care using electronic audit and nurse-led clinics. J Eval Clin Pract. 2016;22(3):341–348.
  • Perak AM, Ning H, De Ferranti SD, et al. Long-term risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in US adults with the Familial Hypercholesterolemia Phenotype. Circulation. 2016;134(1):9–19.
  • Jung KJ, Koh H, Choi Y, et al. Familial hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular mortality among Korean adults with low levels of serum cholesterol. Atherosclerosis. 2018;278:103–109.
  • Zafrir B, Jubran A, Lavie G, et al. Clinical determinants and treatment gaps in familial hypercholesterolemia: data from a multi-ethnic regional health service. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017;24(8):867–875.
  • Harada PH, Miname MH, Benseñor IM, et al. Familial hypercholesterolemia prevalence in an admixed racial society: sex and race matter. The ELSA-Brasil. Atherosclerosis. 2018;277:273–277.
  • Vickery AW, Ryan J, Pang J, et al. Increasing the detection of Familial Hypercholesterolaemia using general practice electronic databases. Heart Lung Circ. 2017;26(5):450–454.
  • Hu P, Dharmayat KI, Stevens CAT, et al., Prevalence of Familial Hypercholesterolemia among the general population and patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation. 141(22): 1742–1759. 2020.
  • Santos RD, Gidding SS, Hegele RA, et al. International Atherosclerosis Society Severe Familial Hypercholesterolemia Panel. Defining severe familial hypercholesterolaemia and the implications for clinical management: a consensus statement from the International Atherosclerosis Society Severe Familial Hypercholesterolemia Panel. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016;4:850–861.
  • Nanchen D, Gencer B, Muller O, et al. Prognosis of patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia after acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 2016;134(10):698–709.
  • Gulizia MM, Maggioni AP, Abrignani MG, et al. POSTER investigators. Prevalence of familial hypercholeSTerolaemia (FH) in Italian patients with coronary artery disease: the POSTER study. Atherosclerosis. 2020;308:32–38.
  • Rerup SA, Bang LE, Mogensen UM, et al. The prevalence and prognostic importance of possible familial hypercholesterolemia in patients with myocardial infarction. Am Heart J. 2016;181:35–42.
  • Rallidis LS, Kosmas N, Tsirebolos G, et al. Prevalence of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and combined hyperlipidemia phenotype in very young survivors of myocardial infarction and their association with the severity of atheromatous burden. J Clin Lipidol. 2019;13(3):502–508.
  • De Backer G, Besseling J, Chapman J, et al. EUROASPIRE investigators. Prevalence and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia in coronary patients: an analysis of EUROASPIRE IV, a study of the European Society of Cardiology. Atherosclerosis. 2015;241(1):169–175.
  • Shi HW, Yang JG, Wang Y, et al. The Prevalence of Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) in Chinese patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI): data from Chinese Acute Myocardial Infarction (CAMI) Registry. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2020;7:113.
  • Li JJ, Li S, Zhu CG, et al. Familial Hypercholesterolemia Phenotype in Chinese patients undergoing Coronary Angiography. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2017;37(3):570–579.
  • Ohmura H, Fukushima Y, Mizuno A, et al. Research Committee on Primary Hyperlipidemia of the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan. Estimated Prevalence of Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Int Heart J. 2017;58(1):88–94.
  • Sawhney JPS, Prasad SR, Sharma M, et al. Prevalence of familial hypercholesterolemia in premature coronary artery disease patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in North India. Indian Heart J. 2019;71(2):118–122.
  • Kramer AI, Trinder M, Brunham LR. Estimating the Prevalence of Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Acute Coronary Syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Cardiol. 2019;35(10):1322–1331.
  • Perez De Isla L, Alonso R, Watts GF, et al. SAFEHEART Investigators. Attainment of LDL-cholesterol treatment goals in patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: 5-year SAFEHEART registry follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67(11):1278–1285.
  • Vrablik M, Raslová K, Vohnout B, et al. Real-life LDL-C treatment goals achievement in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in the Czech Republic and Slovakia: results of the PLANET registry. Atherosclerosis. 2018;277:355–361.
  • Rizos CV, Elisaf MS, Skoumas I, et al. Characteristics and management of 1093 patients with clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia in Greece: data from the Hellenic Familial Hypercholesterolemia Registry (HELLAS-FH. Atherosclerosis. 2018;277:308–313.
  • Schmidt N, Dressel A, Grammer TB, et al. Lipid-modifying therapy and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal attainment in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia in Germany: the CaReHigh Registry. Atherosclerosis. 2018;277:314–322.
  • D’Erasmo L, Commodari D, Di Costanzo A, et al. Evolving trend in the management of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in Italy: a retrospective, single center, observational study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2027–35;30:2020.
  • deGoma EM, Ahmad ZS, O’Brien EC, et al. Treatment gaps in adults with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia in the United States: data from the CASCADE-FH Registry. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2016;9(3):240–249.
  • Mehta R, Martagon AJ, Galan Ramirez GA, et al. Mexican Familial Hypercholesterolemia Group. Familial hypercholesterolemia in Mexico: initial insights from the national registry. J Clin Lipidol. 2021;15(1):124–133.
  • Kayikcioglu M, Tokgozoglu L, Dogan V, et al. What have we learned from Turkish familial hypercholesterolemia registries (A-HIT1 and A-HIT2)? Atherosclerosis. 2018;277:341–346.
  • Van Delden XM, Huijgen R, Wolmarans KH, et al. LDL-cholesterol target achievement in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia at Groote Schuur Hospital: minority at target despite large reductions in LDL-C. Atherosclerosis. 2018;277:327–333.
  • Blom DJ, Almahmeed W, Al-Rasadi K, et al., ICLPS study group. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal achievement in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia in countries outside Western Europe: the International ChoLesterol management practice study. J Clin Lipidol. 13(4): 594–600. 2019.
  • EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration, Vallejo-Vaz AJ, De Marco M, Stevens CAT, et al. EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) investigators. Overview of the current status of familial hypercholesterolaemia care in over 60 countries - The EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC). Atherosclerosis. 2018;277:234–255.
  • Pećin I, Reiner Ž. Novel experimental agents for the treatment of Hypercholesterolemia. J Exp Pharmacol. 2021;13:91–100.
  • Reiner Z. Impact of early evidence of atherosclerotic changes on early treatment in children with familial hypercholesterolemia. Circ Res. 2014;114(2):233–235.
  • Ž R, Sahebkar A. Treatment of children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Int J Cardiol. 2020;304:177–178.
  • De Ferranti SD, Shrader P, Linton MF, et al. Children with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia in the United States: data from the Cascade Screening for Awareness and Detection-FH Registry. J Pediatr. 2021;229:70–77.
  • Benekos T, Kosmeri C, Vlahos A, et al. Nine-year overview of dyslipidemia management in children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: a university hospital outpatient lipid clinic project in Northwestern Greece. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2020;33(4):533–538.
  • Bogsrud MP, Langslet G, Wium C, et al. Treatment goal attainment in children with familial hypercholesterolemia: a cohort study of 302 children in Norway. J Clin Lipidol. 2018;12(2):375–382.
  • Banach M, Penson PE, Fras Z, et al. FH Europe and the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP). Brief recommendations on the management of adult patients with familial hypercholesterolemia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pharmacol Res. 2020;158:104891.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.