Recent developments in drug hypersensitivity in children

References

• Smyth RM, Gargon E, Kirkham J, et al. Adverse drug reactions in children–a systematic review. PLoS One. 2012;7:e24061.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein JA. Nonimmunologic adverse drug reactions. How to recognize and categorize some common reactions. Postgrad Med. 1995;98(1):120–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanno LK, Calderon MA, Smith HE, et al. Joint allergy academies. Dissemination of definitions and concepts of allergic and hypersensitivity conditions. World Allergy Organ J. 2016;9:24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomes ER, Brockow K, Kuyucu S, et al. Drug hypersensitivity in children: report from thepediatric task force of the EAACI drug allergy interest group. Allergy. 2016;71(2):149–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gell P, Coombs R, Lachmann P. Classification of allergic reactions for clinical hypersensitivity disease. In: Gell PGH, Coombs RPA, editors. Clinical aspects of immunology. Oxford (United Kingdom): Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1968. p. 575–579.
   Google Scholar
• Muraro A, Lemanske RF, Castells M, et al. Precision medicine in allergic disease - food allergy, drug allergy, and anaphylaxis-PRACTALL document of the European academy of allergy and clinical immunology and the American academy of allergy, asthma & immunology. Allergy. 2017;72(7):1006–1021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erkocoglu M, Kaya A, Civelek E, et al. Prevalence of confirmed immediate type drug hypersensitivity reactions among school children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2013;24:160–167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rebelo GE, Fonseca J, Araujo L, et al. Drug allergy claims in children: from self reporting to confirmed diagnosis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008;38:191–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Star K, Noren GN, Nordin K, et al. Suspected adverse drug reactions reported for children worldwide: an exploratory study using VigiBase. Drug Saf. 2011;34:415–428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peroni DG, Dall‘Agnola A, Piacentini GL. Worsening of atopic dermatitis by hazelnut essence contained in hydroxyzine syrup. Acta Paediatr. 2007;96(11):1710.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zagursky RJ, Pichichero ME. Cross-reactivity in b-Lactam allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2018;6(1):72–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romano A, Caubet JC. Antibiotic allergies in children and adults: from clinical symptoms to skin testing diagnosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2014;2(1):3–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanca M, Romano A, Torres MJ, et al. Update on the evaluation of hypersensitivity reactions to betalactams. Allergy. 2009;64:183–193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misirlioglu ED, Toyran M, Capanoglu M, et al. Negative predictive value of drug provocation tests in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2014;25(7):685–690.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demoly P, Adkinson NF, Brockow K, et al. International Consensus on drug allergy. Allergy. 2014;69(4):420–437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capanoglu M, Vezir E, Misirlioglu ED, et al. Additional provocation testing in patients with negative provocation test results with β-lactam antibiotics. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016;116(1):82–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atanaskovic-Markovic M, Gaeta F, Medjo B, et al. Non-immediate hypersensitivity reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics in children - our 10 years experience in allergy work-up. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2016;27:533–538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zambonino MA, Corzo JL, Muñoz C, et al. Diagnostic evaluation of hypersensitivity reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics in a large population of children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2014;25:80–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esposito S, Castellazi L, Tagliablue C, et al. Allergy to antibiotics in children: an overestimated problem. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2016;48:361–366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caubet JC, Kaiser L, Lemaître B, et al. The role of penicillin in benign skin rashes in childhood: a prospective study based on drug rechallenge. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127(1):218–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Confino-Cohen R, Rosman Y, Meir-Shafrir K, et al. Oral challenge without skin testing safely excludes clinically significant delayed-onset penicillin hypersensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol in Pract. 2017;5(3):669–675.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labrosse R, Paradis L, Lacombe J, et al. Efficacy and safety of five-day challenge for the evaluation of non-severe amoxicillin allergy in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;6(5):1673–1680.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prieto A, Doña I, Muñoz C, et al. Value of drug provocation test in non-immediate hypersensitivity reactions to betalactams in pediatric age. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;141(2):37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koosakulchai V, Wantanaset D, Jessadapakorn W, et al. Safety of amoxicillin provocation test using the PSU 2-step challenge in children with a history of non-immediate reactions. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;141(2):39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vezir E, Dibek Misirlioglu E, Civelek E, et al. Direct oral provocation tests in non-immediate mild cutaneous reactions related to beta-lactam antibiotics. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2016;27(1):50–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponvert C, Perrin Y, Bados -Albiero A, et al. Allergy to betalactam antibiotics in children: results of a 20 -year study based on clinical history, skin and challenge tests. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2011;22(4):411–418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirakian R, Leech SC, Krishna MT, et al. Management of allergy to penicillins and other beta-lactams. Clin Exp Allergy. 2015;45(2):300–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messaad D, Sahla H, Benahmed S, et al. Drug provocation tests in patients with a history suggesting an immediate drug hypersensitivity reaction. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140(12):1001–1006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caubet JC, Frossard C, Fellay B, et al. Skin tests and in vitro allergy tests have a poor diagnostic value for benign skin rashes due to beta -lactams in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2015;26(1):80–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mori F, Cianferoni A, Barni S, et al. Amoxicillin allergy in children: five-day drug provocation test in the diagnosis of nonimmediate reactions. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2015;3:375–380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borch JE, Bindslev-Jensen C. Full-course drug challenge test in the diagnosis of delayed allergic reactions to penicillin. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2011;155:271–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lezmi G, Alrowaishdi F, Bados-Albiero A, et al. Nonimmediate-reading skin tests and prolonged challenges in nonimmediate hypersensitivity to betalactams in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2018;29(1):84–89.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tonson la Tour A, Michelet M, Eigenmann PA, et al. Natural history of benign nonimmediate allergy to beta-lactams in children: a prospective study in retreated patients after a positive and a negative provocation test. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2018;6(4):1321–1326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misirlioglu ED, Guvenir H, Toyran M, et al. Frequency of selective immediate responders to aminopenicillins and cephalosporins in Turkish children. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2017;38(5):376–382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuyucu S, Mori F, Atanaskovic-Markovic M, et al. Pediatric task force of EAACI drug allergy interest group. Hypersensitivity reactions to non-betalactam antibiotics in children: an extensive review. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2014;25(6):534–543.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guvenir H, Dibek Misirlioglu E, Capanoglu M, et al. Proven non-β-Lactam antibiotic allergy in children. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2016;169(1):45–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macy E, Poon K-Y T. Self-reported antibiotic allergy incidence and prevalence: age and sex effects. Am J Med. 2009;122: 778–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mori F, Barni S, Pucci N, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of skin tests in the diagnosis of clarithromycin allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010;104:417–419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cernadas JR. Desensitization to antibiotics in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2013;24:3–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dona I, Blanca-Lopez N, Torres MJ, et al. Drug hypersensitivity reactions: patterns of responses, drug involved and temporal variation in a large series of patients evaluates. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2012;22:363–371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres MJ, Barrionuevo E, Kowalski M, et al. Hypersensitivity reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Immunol Allergy Clin Am North Am. 2014;34:507–524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundgren M, Steed LJ, Tamura R, et al. Analgesic antipyretic use among young children in the TEDDY study: no association with islet autoimmunity. BMC Pediatr. 2017;17(1):127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Section on Clinical P, Therapeutics, Committee on D, Sullivan JE, Farrar HC. Fever and antipyretic use in children. Pediatrics. 2011;127(3):580–587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dills R, Anderson LA, Pierce CA. The role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in pediatric patients. Pharmacol Res. 2012;65(1):5–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neubert A, Verhamme K, Murray ML, et al. The prescribing of analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in paediatric primary care in the UK, Italy and the Netherlands. Pharmacol Res. 2010;62(3):243–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesko SM, Mitchell AA. An assessment of the safety of pediatric ibuprofen. A practitioner-based randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 1995;273:929–933.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vane JR. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis as a mechanism of action for aspirin-like drugs. Nat New Biol. 1971;231(25):232–235.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kowalski ML, Asero R, Bavbek S, et al. Classification and practical approach to the diagnosis and management of hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Allergy. 2013;68:1219–1232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavkaytar O, Arik Yilmaz E, Karaatmaca B, et al. Different phenotypes of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug hypersensitivity during childhood. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2015;167:211–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zambonino MA, Torres MJ, Muñoz C, et al. Drug provocation tests in the diagnosis of hypersensitivity reactions to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2013;24:151–159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arikoglu T, Aslan G, Yildirim DD, et al. Discrepancies in the diagnosis and classification of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug hypersensitivity reactions in children. Allergol Int. 2017;66(3):418–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cousin M, Chiriac A, Molinari N, et al. Phenotypical characterization of children with hypersensitivity reactions to NSAIDs. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2016;27(7):743–748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guvenir H, Dibek Misirlioglu E, Vezir E, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug hypersensitivity among children. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2015;36(5):386–393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kidon M, Blanca-Lopez N, Gomes E, et al. EAACI/ENDA position paper: diagnosis and management of hypersensitivity reactions to non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in children and adolescents. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2018;29(5):469–480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yilmaz O, Ertoy Karagol IH, Bakirtas A, et al. Challenge-proven nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug hypersensitivity in children. Allergy. 2013;68:1555–1561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavkaytar O, Du Toit G, Caimmi D. Characteristics of NSAID-induced hypersensitivity reactions in childhood. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2019;30(1):25–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kidon MI, Liew WK, Chiang WC, et al. Hypersensitivity to paracetamol in Asian children with early onset of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug allergy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2007;144:51–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bromfield EB, Cavazos JE, Sirven JI, editors. Chapter 3, Neuropharmacology of antiepileptic drugs. In: An introduction to epilepsy. West Hartford, CT: American Epilepsy Society; 2006. [cited 2017 Jul 27]. Available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/books/NBK2513/
   Google Scholar
• Rosati A, De Masi S, Guerrini R. Antiepileptic drug treatment in children with epilepsy. CNS Drugs. 2015;29:847–863.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Błaszczyk B, Lason W, Czuczwar SJ. Antiepileptic drugs and adverse skin reactions: an update. Pharmacol Rep. 2015;67:426–434.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guvenir H, Dibek Misirlioglu E, Civelek E, et al. The frequency and clinical features of hypersensitivity reactions to antiepileptic drugs in children: a prospective study. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2018;6(6):2043–2050.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perucca P, Gilliam FG. Adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11:792–802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handoko KB, van Puijenbroek EP, Bij AH, et al. Influence of chemical structure on hypersensitivity reactions induced by antiepileptic drugs: the role of the aromatic ring. Drug Saf. 2008;31:695–702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pichler WJ, Yawalkar N, Britschgi M, et al. Cellular and molecular pathophysiology of cutaneous drug reactions. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2002;3:229–238.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ju C, Uetrecht JP. Mechanism of idiosyncratic drug reactions: reactive metabolites formation, protein binding and the regulation of the immune system. Curr Drug Metab. 2002;3:367–377.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pichler WJ, Beeler A, Keller M, et al. Pharmacological interaction of drugs with immune receptors: the p-i concept. Allergol Int. 2006;55:17–25.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu Y, Sanderson JP, Farrell J, et al. Activation of T cells by carbamazepine and carbamazepine metabolites. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;118:233–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostrov DA, Grant BJ, Pompeu YA, et al. Drug hypersensitivity caused by alteration of the MHC-presented self-peptide repertoire. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012;109:9959–9964.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuyucu S, Caubet JC. Hypersensitivity reactions to antiepileptic drugs in children: epidemiologic, pathogenetic, clinical, and diagnostic aspects. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2018;10: 2213–2198.
   Google Scholar
• Ye YM, Thong BY, Park HS. Hypersensitivity to antiepileptic drugs. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2014;34:633–643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verrotti A, Scaparrotta A, Grosso S, et al. Anticonvulsant drugs and hematological disease. Neurol Sci. 2014;35:983–993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handoko KB, Souverein PC, van Staa TP, et al. Risk of aplastic anemia in patients using antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsia. 2006;47:1232–1236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerrini R, Zaccara G, la Marca G, et al. Safety and tolerability of antiepileptic drug treatment in children with epilepsy. Drug Saf. 2012;35:519–533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acharya S, Bussel JB. Hematologic toxicity of sodium valproate. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2000;22:62–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devarbhavi H, Karanth D, Prasanna KS, et al. Drug-Induced liver injury with hypersensitivity features has a better outcome: a single-centre. Hepatology. 2011;54(4):1344–1350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson M, Egunsola O, Cherrill J, et al. A prospective study of adverse drug reactions to antiepileptic drugs in children. BMJ Open. 2015;5:e008298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee AY, Choi J, Chey WY. Patch testing with carbamazepine and its main metabolite carbamazepine epoxide in cutaneous adverse drug reactions to carbamazepine. Contact Dermatitis. 2003;48:137–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alanko K. Patch testing in cutaneous reactions caused by carbamazepine. Contact Dermatitis. 1993;29:254–257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vatve M, Sharma VK, Sawhney I, et al. Evaluation of patch test in identification of causative agent in drug rashes due to antiepileptics. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2000;66:132–135.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Santiago F, Gonçalo M, Vieira R, et al. Epicutaneous patch testing in drug hypersensitivity syndrome (DRESS). Contact Dermatitis. 2010;62:47–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbaud A. Drug patch testing in systemic cutaneous drug allergy. Toxicology. 2005;209:209–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiny TN, Mahajan VK, Mehta KS, et al. Patch testing and cross sensitivity study of adverse cutaneous drug reactions due to anticonvulsants: a preliminary report. World J Methodol. 2017;7:25–32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lin YT, Chang YC, Hui RC, et al. A patch testing and cross-sensitivity study of carbamazepine-induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27:356–364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbaud A, Collet E, Milpied B, et al. Toxidermies group of the French Society of Dermatology. A multicentre study to determine the value and safety of drug patch tests for the three main classes of severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Br J Dermatol. 2013;168:555–562.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romano A, Pettinato R, Andriolo M, et al. Hypersensitivity to aromatic anticonvulsants: in vivo and in vitro cross-reactivity studies. Curr Pharm Des. 2006;12:3373–3381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung WH, Hung SI, Hong HS, et al. Medical genetics: a marker for Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Nature. 2004;428:486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung WH, Chang WC, Lee YS, et al. Genetic variants associated with phenytoin-related severe cutaneous adverse reactions. JAMA. 2014;312:525–534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hung SI, Chung WH, Jee SH, et al. Genetic susceptibility to carbamazepine-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2006;16:297–306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu XT, Hu FY, An DM, et al. Association between carbamazepine-induced cutaneous adverse reactions and the HLA-B*1502 allele among patients in central China. Epilepsy Behav. 2010;19:405–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Genin E, Chen DP, Hung SI, et al. HLA-A*31:01 and different types of carbamazepine-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions: an international study and meta-analysis. Pharmacogenomics J. 2014;14:281–288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amstutz U, Ross CJ, Castro-Pastrana LI, et al. HLA-A 31:01 and HLA-B 15:02 as genetic markers for carbamazepine hypersensitivity in children. Cl2n Pharmacol Ther. 2013;94:142–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung WH, Hung SI, Chen YT. Genetic predisposition of life-threatening antiepileptic-induced skin reactions. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2010;9:15–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thong BY. Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis: an AsiaPacific perspective. Asia Pac Allergy. 2013;3:215–223.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karimzadeh P, Bakrani V. Antiepileptic drug-related adverse reactions and factors influencing these reactions. Iran J Child Neurol. 2013;7:25–29.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hirsch LJ, Arif H, Nahm EA, et al. Crosssensitivity of skin rashes with antiepileptic drug use. Neurology. 2008;71:1527–1534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hung SI, Chung WH, Liu ZS, et al. Common risk allele in aromatic antiepileptic-drug induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in Han Chinese. Pharmacogenomics. 2010;11:349–356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherer K, Brockow K, Aberer W, et al. ENDA, the European network on drug allergy and the EAACI drug allergy interest group. Desensitization in delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions—an EAACI position paper of the drug allergy interest group. Allergy. 2013;68:844–852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cernadas JR. Reactions to cytostatic agents in children. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;17(4):255–261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Genc DB, Canpolat C, Berrak SG. Clinical features and management of carboplatin-related hypersensitivity reactions in pediatric low-grade glioma. Supp Care Cancer. 2012;20:385–393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castells M, Sancho-Serra Mdel C, Simarro M. Hypersensitivity to antineoplastic agents: mechanisms and treatment with rapid desensitization. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2012;61:1575–1584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soyer OU, Aytac S, Tuncer A, et al. Alternative algorithm for L-asparaginase allergy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;123:895–899.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruggiero A, Triarico S, Trombatore G, et al. Incidence, clinical features and management of hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapeutic drugs in children with cancer. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2013;69:1739–1746.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norton AE, Broyles AD. Management of children with hypersensitivity to antibiotics and monoclonal antibodies. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2017;37(4):713–725.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dilley MA, Lee JP, Platt CD, et al. Rituximab desensitization in pediatric patients: results of a case series. Pediatr Allergy Immunol Pulmonol. 2016;29(2):91–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connell AE, Lee JP, Yee C, et al. Successful desensitization to brentuximab vedotin after anaphylaxis. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2014;14(2):73–75.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Picard M, Galvao VR. Current knowledge and management of hypersensitivity reactions to monoclonal antibodies. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2017;5(3):600–609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grabenhenrich LB, Dolle S, Moneret-Vautrin A, et al. Anaphylaxis in children and adolescents: the European Anaphylaxis Registry. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;137:1128–1137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xing Y, Zhang H, Sun S, et al. Clinical features and treatment of pediatric patients with drug-induced anaphylaxis: a study based on pharmacovigilance data. Eur J Pediatr. 2018;177(1):145–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavkaytar O, Karaatmaca B, Cetinkaya PG, et al. Characteristics of drug-induced anaphylaxis in children and adolescents. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2017;38:56–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar