References
- Agyeman , D. 2005 . “ Methodological lessons: working with Liberian and Togolese refugees in Ghana ” . In Researching Conflict in Africa, Insights and Experiences , Edited by: Porter , E. , Robinson , G. , Smyth , M. , Schnabel , A. and Osaghae , E. 56 – 63 . New York : United Nations University Press .
- Ahmed , A. G. M. 2003 . “ ‘Tribal elite’: a base for social stratification in Sudan ” . In Anthropology in Sudan: Reflections of a Sudanese Anthropologist , Edited by: Ahmed , A. G. M. 65 – 79 . Utrecht, The Netherlands and Addis Ababa, Ethiopia : International Books/Organization of Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa .
- Ake , C. 1996 . Democracy and Development in Africa , Washington, DC : The Brookings Institution .
- Al-Rahim , M. A. 1969 . Imperialism and Nationalism in the Sudan, A Study in Constitutional and Political Development, 1899–1956 , Oxford : Clarendon Press .
- Anderson , B. 2001 . Western nationalism and East Asian nationalism: is there a difference that matters? . New Left Review , : 31 – 42 .
- Anderson , B. 2002 . Imagined Communities, Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism , London : Verso .
- Anis , A. M. 2001 . Charting New Directions: Reflections on Women's Political Activism in Sudan. Joint Women's Studies Program , Halifax, Nova Scotia : Mount Saint Vincent University, Dalhousie University and Saint Mary's University .
- Assefa , H. 1987 . Mediation of Civil Wars, Approaches and Strategies – The Sudan Conflict , Boulder, CO : Westview Press .
- Bayart , J. F. 1993 . The State in Africa: The Politics of the Belly , London and New York : Longman .
- Bernal , V. 1995 . “ Cotton and the colonial order in Sudan: a social history with emphasis on the Gezira Scheme ” . In Cotton, Colonialism and Social History in Sub-Saharan Africa , Edited by: Isaacman , A. and Roberts , R. 96 – 118 . Portsmouth, NH : Heinemann .
- Beshir , M. O. 1969 . Educational Development in the Sudan, 1858–1956 , Oxford, UK : Clarendon Press .
- Beshir , M. O. 1975 . The southern Sudan, From Conflict to Peace , New York : Barnes and Noble Books .
- Beswick , S. 2000 . “ Women, war, and leadership in South Sudan (1700–1994) ” . In White Nile, Black Blood, War, Leadership, and Ethnicity from Khartoum to Kampala , Edited by: Spaulding , J. and Beswick , S. 93 – 111 . Lawrenceville, NJ : The Red Sea Press Inc .
- Bixler , M. 2005 . The Lost Boys of Sudan , Athens, GA : University of Georgia Press .
- Bostock , W. W. 2003 . “ South Africa's language policy: controlled status enhancement and reduction ” . In Politics and Economics of Africa , Edited by: Columbus , F. 23 – 30 . Huntington, NY : Nova Science Publishers, Inc .
- Branch , A. and Mamphilly , Z. C. 2005 . Winning the war but losing the peace? The dilemma of the SPLM/A civil administration and the tasks ahead . Journal of Modern African Studies , 43 ( 1 ) : 1 – 20 .
- Breidlid , A. 2004 . Education in a Conflict Ridden Area; The Case of Sudan. Education, Knowledge and Development, NFU 2004 , Bergen : Norwegian Association for Development Research .
- Breuilly , J. 1993 . Nationalism and the State , Manchester : Manchester University Press .
- Brown , T. 2006 . South Sudan education emergency . Forced Migration Review , : 20 – 22 .
- Brubaker , R. 1996 . Nationalism Reframed, Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe , New York : Cambridge University Press .
- Calhoun , C. 1993 . Nationalism and ethnicity . Annual Review of Sociology , 19 : 211
- Chabol , P. and Daloz , J. P. 1999 . Disorder as a Political Instrument , Oxford : James Currey .
- Chandra , K. 2005 . Ethnic parties and democratic stability . Perspectives on Politics , 3 ( 2 ) : 235 – 252 .
- Chatterjee , P. 1993 . The Nation and its Fragments, Colonial and Postcolonial Histories , Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
- Clapham , C. 1998a . Africa and the International System, The Politics of State Survival , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Clapham , C. 1998b . “ Introduction: analysing African insurgencies by Clapham ” . In African Guerrillas , Edited by: Clapham , C. 1 – 18 . Oxford : James Currey .
- Conover , P. J. and Hicks , B. E. 1998 . “ The psychology of overlapping identities: ethnic, citizen, nation and beyond ” . In National Identities and Ethnic Minorities in Eastern Europe, , 1st edn , Edited by: Taras , R. 11 – 48 . Houndsmills, Basingstoke and London : Macmillan Press Ltd .
- Cooke , M. 1993 . “ WO-man, retelling the war myth ” . In Gendering War Talk , Edited by: Cooke , M. and Wollacott , A. 117 – 204 . Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
- Cormack , R. J. and Osborne , R. D. 1991 . “ Disadvantage and discrimination in Northern Ireland ” . In Discrimination and Public Policy in Northern Ireland , Edited by: Cormack , R. J. and Osborne , R. D. 3 – 48 . Oxford : Clarendon Press .
- Cruikshank , A. 1985 . “ The golden age of tropical medicine and its impact on the modernization of the Sudan ” . In Modernization in the Sudan , Edited by: Daly , M. W. 85 – 100 . New York : Lilian Barber Press, Inc .
- De Waal , A. 1996 . Exploiter l'Esclavage: Droits de l'Homme et Enjeux Politiques , London : Africa Rights .
- De Waal , A. 1997 . Famine Crimes: Politics and the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa , London and Oxford and Bloomington, IN : African Rights & the International African Institute in association with James Currey & Indiana University Press .
- De Waal , A. and Abdel Salam , H.A. 2004 . “ Islamism, state power and jihad in Sudan ” . In Islamism and Its Enemies in the Horn of Africa , Edited by: De Waal , A. 71 – 113 . Bloomington and Indianapolis : Indiana University Press .
- De Waal , A. and Ajawin , Y. 2002 . When Peace Comes, Civil Society and Development in Sudan , Lawrenceville, NJ : The Red Sea Press Inc .
- Dempsey , J. 1956 . Mission on the Nile , New York : Philisophical Library .
- Deng , A. , Deng , B. , Ajak , B. and Bernstein , J. A. 2005 . They Poured Fire on Us From the Sky, The True Story of Three Lost Boys from Sudan , New York : Public Affairs .
- Deng , F. 1995a . “ Negotiating a hidden agenda: Sudan's conflict of identities ” . In Elusive Peace, Negotiating An End To Civil Wars , Edited by: Zartman , I. W. 77 – 102 . Washington, DC : The Brookings Institution .
- Deng , F. 1995b . War of Visions: Conflict of Identities in Sudan , Washington, DC : The Brookings Institution .
- Deng , F. M. 1984 . The Dinka of the Sudan , Long Grove, IL : Waveland Press Inc .
- Deng , F. M. 1992 . “ A three-dimensional approach to the conflict in the Sudan ” . In Religion and National Integration in Africa, Islam, Christianity, and Politics in the Sudan and Nigeria , Edited by: Hunwick , J. O. 39 – 61 . Evanston, IL : Northwestern University Press .
- Deutsch , K. 1966 . Nationalism and Social Communication , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
- Doyle , M. 2004 . Overcoming Divisions in Central Sudan. BBC News , London : BBC .
- Enloe , C. 1990 . Making Feminist Sense of International Politics, Bananas, Beaches and Bases , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
- Fawzy , D. 1975 . La Republique Du Soudan: 1956–1966, Échec d'une Expérience de Décollage Économique dans la Voie Capitaliste par une Ancienne Dependence Coloniale , Algiers : Societé Nationale D'Édition et de Diffusion .
- Fearon , J. D. and Laitin , D. D. 2000 . Violence and the social construction of ethnic identities . International Organization , 54 : 845 – 877 .
- Ganguly , R. 1998 . “ Why do ethnic groups mobilize? ” . In National Identities and Ethnic Minorities in Eastern Europe, , 1st edn , Edited by: Taras , R. 49 – 72 . Houndsmills, Basingstoke and London : Macmillan Press Ltd .
- Gellner , E. 1983 . Nations and Nationalism , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
- Glaser , K. 2004 . “ Ethno-cultural continuity through language: the case of Scots-Gaelic ” . In Communicating Cultures , Edited by: Kockel , U. and Craith , M. N. 176 – 197 . New Brunswick : Transaction Publishers .
- Glendinning , V. 2001 . “ Getting it wrong, getting it right ” . In The Weekenders, Travels in the Heart of Africa , Edited by: Ryan , S. 300 – 331 . London : Ebury Press .
- Grawert , E. 1998 . Making a Living in Rural Sudan, Production of Women, Labour Migration of Men, and Policies for Peasants' Needs , New York : St Martin's Press .
- Gurdon , C. 1984 . Sudan at the Crossroads , Cambridge : Middle East and North African Studies Press Ltd .
- Hale , S. 1996 . Gender Politics in Sudan, Islamism, Socialism, and the State , Boulder, CO : Westview Press .
- Hammond , D. P. 1998 . SPLA Advances in the Nuba , Cape Town : Frontline Fellowship .
- Herbst , J. 2000 . States and Power in Africa: Comparative Lessons in Authority and Control , Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
- Hobsbawn , E. 1981 . Nations and Nationalism Since 1870 , London : Pantheon .
- Hoffer , E. 2002 . The True Believer, Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements , New York : Perennial Classics .
- Hutchinson , S. 1996 . Nuer Dilemmas, Coping with Money, War and the State , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
- Hutchinson , S. E. 2001 . A curse from God? Religious and political dimensions of the post-1991 rise of ethnic violence in South Sudan . Journal of Modern African Studies , 39 ( 2 ) : 307 – 331 .
- Idris , A. H. 2005 . Conflict and Politics of Identity in Sudan , New York : Palgrave-Macmillan .
- James , W. 1998 . The Listening Ebony, Moral Knowledge, Religion, and Power Among the Uduk of Sudan , Oxford : Clarendon Press .
- Johnson , D. H. 2003 . The Root Causes of Sudan's Civil Wars , Bloomington, IN : Indiana Bloomington Press .
- Joseph , R. 2003 . Africa; state in crisis . Journal of Democracy , 14 ( 3 ) : 159 – 170 .
- Justice Africa Committee of the Civil Project . 2001 . “ Freedom of Expression ” . In The Phoenix State, Civil Society and the Future of Sudan , Edited by: De Waal , A. and Abdel Salam , A. H. 33 – 52 . Lawrenceville, NJ : The Red Sea Press, Inc .
- Kaplan , R. 1994 . The coming anarchy . The Atlantic Monthly , 273 ( 2 ) : 44 – 112 .
- Keen , D. 1994 . The Benefits of Famine, A Political Economy of Famine and Relief in Southwestern Sudan 1983–1989 , Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
- Kenyon , S. M. 2004 . Five Women of Sennar , Long Grove, IL : Waveland Press Inc .
- Khalid , M. 2003 . War and Peace in Sudan, A Tale of Two Countries , London : Kegan Paul .
- Kok , P. N. 1992 . “ Adding fuel to the conflict: oil, war and peace in the Sudan ” . In Beyond Conflict in the Horn: The Prospects for Peace, Recovery and Development in Ethiopia, Somalia, Eritrea and Sudan , Edited by: Doornboos , M. , Cliffe , L. and Ahmed , A. G. M. 104 – 112 . The Hague : Institute for Social Studies .
- Lavergne , M. and Weissman , F. 2004 . “ Sudan: who benefits from humanitarian aid? ” . In In the Shadow of ‘Just Wars’, Violence, Politics and Humanitarian Action , Edited by: Weissman , F. 137 – 161 . Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press .
- Liyong , T. L. 2004 . “ South–South Sudanese dialogue ” . In Sudan Peace Process, Challenges and Future Prospects , Edited by: Adar , K. G. , Yoh , J. G. N. and Maloka , E. 141 – 153 . Pretoria : African Institute of South Africa .
- Luswata , S. 2006 . Getting southern Sudanese children to school . Forced Migration Review, July , : 22
- McAdam , D. , Tarrow , S. and Tilly , C. 2001 . Dynamics of Contention , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- McLeish , A. 1927 . Light and Darkness in East Africa; A Missionary Survey of Uganda, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Abyssinia, Eritrea and the Three Somalilands , Edited by: McLeish , A. London : World Dominion Press .
- McLeod , M. 2004 . “ Communicating culture in education: a study of curriculum change in the Outer Hebrides ” . In Communicating Cultures , Edited by: Kockel , U. and Craith , M. N. 198 – 221 . New Brunswick : Transaction Publishers .
- McLoughlin , P. F. M. 1964 . Language-switching as an Index of Socialization in the Republic of the Sudan , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
- Macklin , A. 2004 . “ Like oil and water, with a match: militarized commerce, armed conflict, and human security in Sudan ” . In Sites of Violence, Gender and Conflict Zones , Edited by: Giles , W. and Hyndman , J. 75 – 107 . Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
- May , S. 2001 . Language and Minority Rights, Ethnicity, Nationalism and the Politics of Language , London : Longman .
- Midhe , T. M. C. 2005 . Iarsmaí na Teanga, Na Teangacha Ceilteacha i Stair Smaointeachas na hEorpa , Dublin : Coiscéim .
- Minear , L. 1991 . Humanitarianism Under Siege, A Critical Review of Operation Lifeline Sudan , Trenton, NJ and Washington, DC : The Red Sea Press, Inc. & Bread for the World, Institute on Hunger and Development .
- O'Ballance , E. 1977 . The Secret War in the Sudan: 1955–1972 , Hamden, CT : Archon Books .
- Ottaway , M. , Herbst , J. and Mills , G. 2004 . Africa's big states: toward a new realism . Foreign Service Journal, May/June , : 26 – 34 .
- Petterson , D. 1999 . Inside Sudan, Political Islam, Conflict and Catastrophe , Boulder, CO : Westview Press .
- Posner , D. N. 2004 . The political salience of cultural difference: why Chewas and Tumbukas are allies in Zambia and adversaries in Malawi . American Political Science Review , 98 ( 4 ) : 529 – 545 .
- Prendergast , J. 1996 . Frontline Diplomacy: Humanitarian Aid and Conflict in Africa , Boulder, CO : Lynne Rienner Publishers .
- Reno , W. 1998 . Warlord Politics and African States , Boulder, CO : Lynne Rienner .
- Rice , X. 2005 . Word from the war . The Times, available online at http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article378356.ece? token = null&offset = 0 [accessed 24 October 2007].
- Rolandsen , O. H. 2005 . Guerilla Government, Political Changes in the southern Sudan During the 1990s , Uppsala : Nordiska Afrikainstitutet .
- Rone , J. 1996 . Behind the Red Line: Political Repression in Sudan , London : Human Rights Watch .
- Rone , J. 1999 . Famine in Sudan, 1998, The Human Rights Causes , London : Human Rights Watch .
- Ruiz , H. A. 1998 . “ The Sudan: cradle of displacement ” . In The Forsaken People, Case Studies of the Internally Displaced , Edited by: Cohen , R. and Deng , F. M. 139 – 174 . Washington, DC : Brookings Institution Press .
- Sandell , L. 1982 . English Language Teaching in Sudan: A History of its Teaching and Politics , London : Ithaca Press .
- Shukry , M. F. 1953 . Equatoria under Egyptian Rule, The Unpublished Correspondance of Col. (Afterwards Major-Gen.) C.G. Gordan with Ismail Khedive of Egypt and the Sudan During the Years 1874–1876 with Introduction and Notes by M.F. Shukry , Cairo : Cairo University Press .
- Sikainga , A. A. 2002 . “ Sudan: the authoritarian state ” . In The African State, Reconsiderations , Edited by: Samatar , A. I. and Samatar , A. I. 191 – 216 . Portsmouth, NH : Heinemann .
- Simpson , D. P. 1969 . Cassell's New Latin–English English–Latin Dictionary , London : Cassell & Company Ltd .
- Smith , A. D. 1986 . The Ethnic Origins of Nations , Oxford : Basil Blackwell .
- Smith , A. D. 1998 . Nationalism and Modernism: A Critical Survey of Recent Theories of Nations and Nationalism , London : Routledge .
- Sudan Peoples Liberation Movement . 1998 . The Fifteen Point Programme of the SPLM , Yei and New Cush, New) Sudan : SPLM Political Secretariat .
- Tilly , C. 2003 . The Politics of Collective Violence , New York : Cambridge University Press .
- Tishkov , V. A. 1996 . “ Ethnic conflicts in the context of social science theories ” . In Ethnicity and Power in the Contemporary World , Edited by: Rupesinghe , K. and Tishkov , V. A. 52 – 68 . New York : United Nations University Press .
- Tvedt , T. 1998 . Angels of Mercy or Development Diplomats? NGOs & Foreign Aid , Trenton, NJ : Africa World Press Inc .
- USAID . 2005a . South Sudan MoEST Technical Support Program , Washington, DC : USAID .
- USAID . 2005b . USAID/Sudan Annual Report 2005 , Washington, DC : USAID .
- Vantini , G. 2000 . “ Lul: the first missionary post in southern Sudan in the twentieth century ” . In White Nile, Black Blood, War, Leadership, and Ethnicity from Khartoum to Kampala , Edited by: Spaulding , J. and Beswick , S. 315 – 323 . Lawrenceville, NJ : The Red Sea Press Inc .
- Walgren , J. 1998 . The Lost Boys of Natinga, A School for Sudan's Young Refugees , Boston, MA : Houghton Mifflin Company .
- Wani , M. 1998 . “ Women – now the sole breadwinners ” . In War Wounds, Development Costs of Conflict in southern Sudan , Edited by: Twose , N. and Pogrund , B. 95 – 104 . London : The Panos Institute .
- Warburg , G. 2005 . Review article, from Mahdism to neo-Mahdism in Sudan: the role of Sudanese graduates in paving the way to independence, 1881–1959 . Middle Eastern Studies , 41 ( 6 ) : 975 – 995 .
- Yuval-Davis , N. 1997 . Gender and Nation , London : Sage Publications .