Gender, marriage, and the dynamic of (im)mobility in the mid-Western hills of Nepal

References

• Abramsky, T., J. Mak, C. Zimmerman, L. Kiss, and B. Sijapati. 2018. “Migration Planning among Female Prospective Labour Migrants from Nepal: A Comparison of First-Time and Repeat-Migrants.” International Migration 56 (4): 197–216. DOI:10.1111/imig.12449.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adhikari, J., and M. Hobley. 2015. “Everyone Is Leaving–Who Will Sow Our Fields? The Effects of Migration from Khotang District to the Gulf and Malaysia.” Himalaya 35 (1): 11–23.
   Google Scholar
• Adhikari, R. 2013. “Empowered Wives and Frustrated Husbands: Nursing, Gender and Migrant Nepali in the UK.” International Migration 51 (6): 168–179. doi:10.1111/imig.12107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad, A. 2017. Everyday Conversions: Islam, Domestic Work, and South Asian Migrant Women in Kuwait. Durham: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bhadra, C. 2013. “Final Report on Impact of Foreign Labour Migration to Enhance Economic Security and Address VAW among Nepali Women Migrant Workers and Responsiveness of Local Governance to Ensure Safe Migration.” Submitted to: Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare, Ministry of Labour and Employment, Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development, Government of Nepal.
   Google Scholar
• Brunson, J. 2014. ““Scooty Girls”: Mobility and Intimacy at the Margins of Kathmandu.” Ethnos 79 (5): 610–629. doi:10.1080/00141844.2013.813056.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruslé, T. 2012. “What Kind of Place Is This?. Daily Life, Privacy and the Inmate Metaphor in a Nepalese Workers’ Labour Camp (Qatar).” South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal 6: 1–28.
   Google Scholar
• Charsley, K. 2005. “Unhappy Husbands: Masculinity and Migration in Transnational Pakistani Marriages.” The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 11 (1): 85–105. doi:10.1111/jrai.2005.11.issue-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connell, R. W., and J. W. Messerschmidt. 2005. “Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept.” Gender & Society 19 (6): 829–859. doi:10.1177/0891243205278639.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cresswell, T. 2010. “Towards a Politics of Mobility.” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 28 (1): 17–31. doi:10.1068/d11407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franquesa, J. 2011. ““We’ve Lost Our Bearings”: Place, Tourism, and the Limits of the “Mobility Turn.” Antipode 43 (4): 1012–1033. doi:10.1111/anti.2011.43.issue-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaibazzi, P. 2015. Bush Bound : Young Men and Rural Permanence in Migrant West Africa. New York: Berghahn Books.
   Google Scholar
• Galam, R. G. 2017. “Women “Like Parched Earth in Need of Rain” and Who Relax by Working: Gossip and the Surveillance of Filipino Seafarer Wives’ Morality and Mobility.” Mobilities 12 (6): 861–874. doi:10.1080/17450101.2017.1331016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamburd, M. R. 1995. “Sri Lanka’s “Army of Housemaids”: Control of Remittances and Gender Transformations.” Anthropologica 37 (1): 49–88. doi:10.2307/25605790.
   Google Scholar
• Gamburd, M. R. 2000. The Kitchen Spoon’s Handle: Transnationalism and Sri Lanka’s Migrant Housemaids. Ithaca, N.Y.; London: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gardner, A. M. 2011. “Gulf Migration and the Family.” Journal of Arabian Studies 1 (1): 3–25. doi:10.1080/21534764.2011.576043.
   Google Scholar
• Gartaula, H. N., L. Visser, and A. Niehof. 2011. “Socio-Cultural Dispositions and Wellbeing of the Women Left Behind: A Case of Migrant Households in Nepal.” Social Indicators Research 108 (3): 401–420. doi:10.1007/s11205-011-9883-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Government of Nepal, Ministry for Labour and Employment. 2016. “Labour Migration for Employment: A Status Report for Nepal 2014/2015.” Report. Kathmandu: Singha Durbar.
   Google Scholar
• Grossman-Thompson, B. 2016. “Protection and Paternalism: Narratives of Nepali Women Migrants and the Gender Politics of Discriminatory Labour Migration Policy.” Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees 32 (3): 40-48.
   Google Scholar
• Hanson, S. 2010. “Gender and Mobility: New Approaches for Informing Sustainability.” Gender, Place & Culture 17 (1): 5–23. doi:10.1080/09663690903498225.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Labour Organization. 2015. “No Easy Exit – Migration Bans Affecting Women from Nepal.” Report. Geneva: International Labour Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Kapadia, K. 1993. “Marrying Money: Changing Preference and Practice in Tamil Marriage.” Contributions to Indian Sociology 27 (1): 25–51. doi:10.1177/006996693027001002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kathiravelu, L. 2015. Migrant Dubai: Low Wage Workers and the Construction of a Global City. Global Diversities. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Kodoth, P., and V. J. Varghese. 2012. “Protecting Women or Endangering the Emigration Process.” Economic and Political Weekly 47 (43): 56–66.
   Google Scholar
• Lama, A. S., S. Kharel, and T. Ghale. 2017. “When the Men are Away: Migration and Women’s Participation in Nepal’s Community Forestry.” Mountain Research and Development 37 (3): 263–270. doi:10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-16-00092.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liechty, M. 2002. Suitably Modern. Making Middle-Class Culture in a New Consumer Society. Princeton: University of Princeton Press.
   Google Scholar
• Maharjan, A., S. Bauer, and B. Knerr. 2012. “Do Rural Women Who Stay behind Benefit from Male Out-Migration? A Case Study in the Hills of Nepal.” Gender, Technology and Development 16 (1): 95–123. doi:10.1177/097185241101600105.
   Google Scholar
• Mahdavi, P. 2016. Crossing the Gulf: Love and Family in Migrant Lives. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Maycock, M. 2017a. “Masculinities, Remittances and Failure: Narratives from Far-West Nepal.” South Asia Research 37 (2): 179–193. doi:10.1177/0262728017700204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maycock, M. 2017b. “Hegemonic at Home and Subaltern Abroad: Kamaiya Masculinities and Changing Mobility in Nepal.” Gender, Place & Culture 24 (6): 812–822. doi:10.1080/0966369X.2015.1058761.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEvoy, J., P. Petrzelka, C. Radel, and B. Schmook. 2012. “Gendered Mobility and Morality in a South-Eastern Mexican Community: Impacts of Male Labour Migration on the Women Left Behind.” Mobilities 7 (3): 369–388. doi:10.1080/17450101.2012.655977.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molnar, A. 1981. The Kham Magar Women of Thabang. Centre for Economic Development and Administration, Kathmandu: Tribhuvan University.
   Google Scholar
• Osella, F., and C. Osella. 2000. “Migration, Money and Masculinity in Kerala.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 6 (1): 117–133. doi:10.1111/jrai.2000.6.issue-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pauli, J. 2008. “A House of One’s Own: Gender, Migration, and Residence in Rural Mexico.” American Ethnologist 35 (1): 171–187. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2008.00012.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pribilsky, J. 2012. “Consumption Dilemmas: Tracking Masculinity, Money and Transnational Fatherhood between the Ecuadorian Andes and New York City.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 38 (2): 323–343. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2012.646429.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reeves, M. 2011. “Staying Put? Towards a Relational Politics of Mobility at a Time of Migration.” Central Asian Survey 30 (3–4): 555–576. doi:10.1080/02634937.2011.614402.
   Google Scholar
• Salazar, N. B., and A. Smart. 2011. “Anthropological Takes on (Im)Mobility.” Identities 18 (6): i– ix. doi:10.1080/1070289X.2012.683674.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato, S. 2016. “Yolmo Women on the Move: Marriage, Migrant Work and Relocation to Kathmandu.” European Bulletin of Himalayan Research 47: 69–95.
   Google Scholar
• Schiller, N. G., and N. B. Salazar. 2013. “Regimes of Mobility across the Globe.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 39 (2): 183–200. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2013.723253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schippers, M. 2007. “Recovering the Feminine Other: Masculinity, Femininity, and Gender Hegemony.” Theory and Society 36 (1): 85–102. doi:10.1007/s11186-007-9022-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, J. R. 2013. “Marginal but Modern: Young Nepali Labour Migrants in India.” Young 21 (4): 347–362. doi:10.1177/1103308813506307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, S., Sh. Pandey, D. Pathak, and B. Sijapati-Basnett. 2014. “State of Migration in Nepal.” Centre for the Study of Labour and Mobility. Kathmandu: Centre for the Study of Labour and Mobility.
   Google Scholar
• Simkhada, P., E. van Teijlingen, M. Gurung, and S. P. Wasti. 2018. “A Survey of Health Problems of Nepalese Female Migrants Workers in the Middle-East and Malaysia.” BMC International Health and Human Rights 18 (January). doi:10.1186/s12914-018-0145-7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Speck, S. 2017. ““They Moved to City Areas, Abroad”: Views of the Elderly on the Implications of Outmigration for the Middle Hills of Western Nepal.” Mountain Research and Development 37 (4): 425–435. doi:10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-17-00034.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Still, C. 2011. “Spoiled Brides and the Fear of Education: Honour and Social Mobility among Dalits in South India.” Modern Asian Studies 45 (05): 1119–1146. doi:10.1017/S0026749X10000144.
   Google Scholar
• Thieme, S. 2008. “Living in Transition: How Kyrgyz Women Juggle Their Different Roles in a Multi-Local Setting.” Gender, Technology and Development 12 (3): 325–345. doi:10.1177/097185240901200303.
   Google Scholar
• Valentin, K. 2015. “Transnational Education and the Remaking of Social Identity: Nepalese Student Migration to Denmark.” Identities 22 (3): 318–332. doi:10.1080/1070289X.2014.939186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zharkevich, I. forthcoming. “Money and Blood: Remittances as a Substance of Relatedness in Transnational Families in Nepal”. American Anthropologist.
   Google Scholar