Infrastructures of immobility: enabling international distance education students in Africa to not move

References

• Adeel, M., and A. G. O. Yeh. 2018. “Gendered Immobility: Influence of Social Roles and Local Context on Mobility Decisions in Pakistan.” Transportation Planning and Technology 41 (6): 660–678. doi:10.1080/03081060.2018.1488932.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adey, P. 2006. “If Mobility Is Everything Then It Is Nothing: Towards a Relational Politics of (Im)Mobilities.” Mobilities 1 (1): 75–94. doi:10.1080/17450100500489080.
   Google Scholar
• Allen, J. 2009. “Three Spaces of Power: Territory, Networks, Plus a Topological Twist in the Tale of Domination and Authority.” Journal of Power 2 (2): 197–212. doi:10.1080/17540290903064267.
   Google Scholar
• Ambrosini, M. 2017. “Why Irregular Migrants Arrive and Remain: The Role of Intermediaries.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 43 (11): 1813–1830. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2016.1260442.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bacevic, J. 2018. “With or without U? Assemblage Theory and (De)Territorialising the University.” Globalisation, Societies and Education 1–14. doi:10.1080/14767724.2018.1498323.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barcus, H., and C. Werner. 2017. “Choosing to Stay: (Im)Mobility Decisions Amongst Mongolia’s Ethnic Kazakhs.” Globalizations 14 (1): 32–50. doi:10.1080/14747731.2016.1161038.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett, G. A., M. Lee, K. Jiang, and H. W. Park. 2016. “The Flow of International Students from A Macro Perspective: A Network Analysis.” Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 46 (4): 533–559. doi:10.1080/03057925.2015.1015965.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayne, S., M. S. Gallagher, and J. Lamb. 2014. “Being ‘At’ University: The Social Topologies of Distance Students.” Higher Education 67 (5): 569–583. doi:10.1007/s10734-013-9662-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bélanger, D., and R. Silvey. 2019. “An Im/Mobility Turn: Power Geometries of Care and Migration.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 1–18. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2019.1592396.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilecen, B., and V. M. Christof. 2017. “Introduction: International Academic Mobility and Inequalities.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 43 (8): 1241–1255. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2017.1300225.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks, R., and J. Waters. 2017. Materialities and Mobilities in Education. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Butcher, N., C. Latchem, M. Mawoyo, and L. Levey. 2011. “Distance Education for Empowerment and Development in Africa.” Distance Education 32 (2): 149–158. doi:10.1080/01587919.2011.584844.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantwell, B., S. G. Luca, and J. J. Lee. 2009. “Exploring the Orientations of International Students in Mexico: Differences by Region of Origin.” Higher Education 57 (3): 335–354. doi:10.1007/s10734-008-9149-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carling, J. 2002. “Migration in the Age of Involuntary Immobility: Theoretical Reflections and Cape Verdean Experiences.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 28 (1): 5–42. doi:10.1080/13691830120103912.
   Google Scholar
• Chan, C. 2017. “In between Leaving and Being Left Behind: Mediating the Mobilities and Immobilities of Indonesian Non-Migrants.” Global Networks 17 (4): 554–573. doi:10.1111/glob.12161.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cleland, J., and K. Machiyama. 2017. “The Challenges Posed by Demographic Change in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Concise Overview: Challenges Posed by Demographic Change in Sub-Saharan Africa.” Population and Development Review 43 (May): 264–286. doi:10.1111/padr.170.
   Google Scholar
• Collins, F. 2008. “Bridges to Learning: International Student Mobilities, Education Agencies and Inter-Personal Networks.” Global Networks 8 (4): 398–417. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0374.2008.00231.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, F. L. 2013. “Regional Pathways: Transnational Imaginaries, Infrastructures and Implications of Student Mobility within Asia.” Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 22 (4): 475–500. doi:10.1177/011719681302200402.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deakin, H., and K. Wakefield. 2014. “Skype Interviewing: Reflections of Two PhD Researchers.” Qualitative Research 14 (5): 603–616. doi:10.1177/1468794113488126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deshingkar, P. 2018. “The Making and Unmaking of Precarious, Ideal Subjects – Migration Brokerage in the Global South.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 1–17. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2018.1528094.
   Google Scholar
• Dominguez-Whitehead, Y., and N. Sing. 2015. “International Students in the South African Higher Education System: A Review of Pressing Challenges.” South African Journal of Higher Education 29 (3): 77–95.
   Google Scholar
• Fihlani, P. 2018. “Hustling for Cash in Zimbabwe.” BBC News, July 26. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-44971474
   Google Scholar
• Findlay, A. M., and F. L. N. Li. 1998. “A Migration Channels Approach to the Study of Professionals Moving to and from Hong Kong.” International Migration Review 32 (3): 682–703. doi:10.1177/019791839803200305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forsey, M. 2015. “Learning to Stay? Mobile Modernity and the Sociology of Choice.” Mobilities 10 (5): 764–783. doi:10.1080/17450101.2014.927202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster, T. B. 2017. “Decomposing American Immobility: Compositional and Rate Components of Interstate, Intrastate, and Intracounty Migration and Mobility Decline.” Demographic Research 37: 1515–1548. doi:10.4054/DemRes.2017.37.47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geel, J. V., and V. Mazzucato. 2017. “Conceptualising Youth Mobility Trajectories: Thinking beyond Conventional Categories.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 44 (13): 2144–2162. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2017.1409107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzales, A. L., J. M. Calarco, and T. Lynch. 2018. “Technology Problems and Student Achievement Gaps: A Validation and Extension of the Technology Maintenance Construct.” Communication Research. doi:10.1177/0093650218796366.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham, S., and N. Thrift. 2007. “Out of Order: Understanding Repair and Maintenance.” Theory, Culture & Society 24 (3): 1–25. doi:10.1177/0263276407075954.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunter, A., and P. Raghuram. 2018. “International Study in the Global South: Linking Institutional, Staff, Student and Knowledge Mobilities.” Globalisation, Societies and Education 16 (2): 192–207. doi:10.1080/14767724.2017.1401453.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannam, K., M. Sheller, and J. Urry. 2006. “Editorial: Mobilities, Immobilities and Moorings.” Mobilities 1 (1): 1–22. doi:10.1080/17450100500489189.
   Google Scholar
• Harding, A. 2018. “No Cash, No Bread, No KFC amid New Zimbabwe Crisis.” October 12. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-45822166
   Google Scholar
• Harvey, W. S., D. Groutsis, and V. D. B. Diane. 2018. “Intermediaries and Destination Reputations: Explaining Flows of Skilled Migration.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 44 (4): 644–662. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2017.1315518.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haugen, H. Ø. 2012. “Nigerians in China: A Second State of Immobility.” International Migration 50 (2): 65–80. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2435.2011.00713.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazelkorn, E. 2015. Rankings and the Reshaping of Higher Education: The Battle for World Wide Excellence. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Hiralal, K. 2015. “Migration and Education Narratives of Student Mobility in South Africa.” Oriental Anthropologists 15 (2): 331–344.
   Google Scholar
• Holton, M., and K. Finn. 2018. “Being-in-Motion: The Everyday (Gendered and Classed) Embodied Mobilities for UK University Students Who Commute.” Mobilities 13 (3): 426–440. doi:10.1080/17450101.2017.1331018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, M. R., and D. Martin. 2016. “The Anticipated Futures of Space Tourism.” Mobilities 11 (1): 135–151. doi:10.1080/17450101.2015.1097034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jon, J.-E., J. J. Lee, and K. Byun. 2014. “The Emergence of a Regional Hub: Comparing International Student Choices and Experiences in South Korea.” Higher Education 67 (5): 691–710. doi:10.1007/s10734-013-9674-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jónsson, G. 2008. “Migration Aspirations and Immobility in a Malian Soninke Village.” IMI Working Papers. Amsterdam: International Migration Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, D., C. A. S. Bankart, X. Jiang, and A. M. Brazil. 2018. “Understanding the College Choice Process of Asian International Students.” In Understanding International Students from Asia in American Universities, edited by M. Yingyi and M. A. Garcia-Murillo, 15–41. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• King, R. 2012. “Geography and Migration Studies: Retrospect and Prospect.” Population, Space and Place 18 (2): 134–153. doi:10.1002/psp.685.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, R., and G. Sondhi. 2018. “International Student Migration: A Comparison of UK and Indian Students’ Motivations for Studying Abroad.” Globalisation, Societies and Education 16 (2): 176–191. doi:10.1080/14767724.2017.1405244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kölbel, A. 2018. “Imaginative Geographies of International Student Mobility.” Social & Cultural Geography 1–19. doi:10.1080/14649365.2018.1460861.
   Google Scholar
• Kondakci, Y. 2011. “Student Mobility Reviewed: Attraction and Satisfaction of International Students in Turkey.” Higher Education 62 (5): 573. doi:10.1007/s10734-011-9406-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lan, S. 2018. “State-Mediated Brokerage System in China’s Self-Funded Study Abroad Market.” International Migration. doi:10.1111/imig.12515.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J. J., and C. Sehoole. 2015. “Regional, Continental, and Global Mobility to an Emerging Economy: The Case of South Africa.” Higher Education 70 (5): 827–843. doi:10.1007/s10734-015-9869-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindquist, J., B. Xiang, and B. S. A. Yeoh. 2012. “Opening the Black Box of Migration: Brokers, the Organization of Transnational Mobility and the Changing Political Economy in Asia.” Pacific Affairs 85 (1): 7–19. doi:10.5509/20128517.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lubkemann, S. C. 2008. “Involuntary Immobility: On a Theoretical Invisibility in Forced Migration Studies.” Journal of Refugee Studies 21 (4): 454–475. doi:10.1093/jrs/fen043.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo, H., A. C. Robinson, and J. Detwiler. 2014. “Effect of Geographic Distance on Distance Education: An Empirical Study.” Journal of Educators Online 11 (3): n3. doi:10.9743/JEO.2014.3.1.
   Google Scholar
• Madge, C., M. R. Breines, M. T. B. Dalu, A. Gunter, J. Mittelmeier, P. Prinsloo, and P. Raghuram. Forthcoming. "WhatsApp Use among African International Distance Education (IDE) Students: Transferring, Translating and Transforming Educational Experiences." Learning, Media and Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Madge, C., P. Raghuram, and P. Noxolo. 2015. “Conceptualizing International Education: From International Student to International Study.” Progress in Human Geography 39 (6): 681–701. doi:10.1177/0309132514526442.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malkki, L. 1992. “National Geographic: The Rooting of Peoples and the Territorialization of National Identity among Scholars and Refugees.” Cultural Anthropology 7 (1): 24–44. doi:10.1525/can.1992.7.1.02a00030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manderscheid, K. 2014. “Criticising the Solitary Mobile Subject: Researching Relational Mobilities and Reflecting on Mobile Methods.” Mobilities 9 (2): 188–219. doi:10.1080/17450101.2013.830406.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, P. 2005. Merchants of Labor: Agents of the Evolving Migration Infrastructure. Geneva: International Labour Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Massey, D. 1994. Space, Place and Gender. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mata Codesal, D. 2015. “Ways of Staying Put in Ecuador: Social and Embodied Experiences of Mobility–Immobility Interactions.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 41 (14): 2274–2290. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2015.1053850.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mata-Codesal, D. 2018. “Is It Simpler to Leave or to Stay Put? Desired Immobility in a Mexican Village.” Population, Space and Place 24 (4): 1–9. doi:10.1002/psp.2127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathews, G., D. Lin, and Y. Yang. 2014. “How to Evade States and Slip past Borders: Lessons from Traders, Overstayers, and Asylum Seekers in Hong Kong and China: How to Evade States and Slip past Borders.” City & Society 26 (2): 217–238. doi:10.1111/ciso.12041.
   Google Scholar
• Mathur, A., B. Schlotfeldt, and M. Chetty. 2015. “A Mixed-Methods Study of Mobile Users’ Data Usage Practices in South Africa.” In Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing,Osaka, Japan, Sept. 7–11, 1209–1220. ACM.
   Google Scholar
• Maurer, B., T. C. Nelms, and S. C. Rea. 2013. “‘Bridges to Cash’: Channelling Agency in Mobile Money: ‘Bridges to Cash.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 19 (1): 52–74. doi:10.1111/1467-9655.12003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEvoy, J., P. Petrzelka, C. Radel, and B. Schmook. 2012. “Gendered Mobility and Morality in a South-Eastern Mexican Community: Impacts of Male Labour Migration on the Women Left Behind.” Mobilities 7 (3): 369–388. doi:10.1080/17450101.2012.655977.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merriman, P. 2016. “Mobility Infrastructures: Modern Visions, Affective Environments and the Problem of Car Parking.” Mobilities 11 (1): 83–98. doi:10.1080/17450101.2015.1097036.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mesoudi, A., L. Chang, K. Murray, and H. J. Lu. 2015. “Higher Frequency of Social Learning in China than in the West Shows Cultural Variation in the Dynamics of Cultural Evolution.” Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282 (1798): 20142209. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.2209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mittelmeier, J., B. Rienties, A. Gunter, and P. Raghuram. Forthcoming. Conceptualising Internationalisation at A Distance (Iad): A ‘Third Category’ of Curriculum Internationalisation.
   Google Scholar
• Mohamedbhai, G. 2014. “Massification in Higher Education Institutions in Africa: Causes, Consequences and Responses.” International Journal of African Higher Education 1 (1). doi:10.6017/ijahe.v1i1.5644.
   Google Scholar
• Mol, A. M., and J. Law. 1994. “Regions, Networks and Fluids: Anaemia and Social Topology.” Social Studies of Science 24 (4): 641–671. doi:10.1177/030631279402400402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morse, C. E., and J. Mudgett. 2018. “Happy to Be Home: Place-Based Attachments, Family Ties, and Mobility among Rural Stayers.” The Professional Geographer 70 (2): 261–269. doi:10.1080/00330124.2017.1365309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muhirwa, J.-M. 2009. “Teaching and Learning against All Odds: A Video-Based Study of Learner-to-Instructor Interaction in International Distance Education.” The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 10 (4): 1–24. doi:10.19173/irrodl.v10i4.628.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naidoo, R. 2004. “Fields and Institutional Strategy: Bourdieu on the Relationship between Higher Education, Inequality and Society.” British Journal of Sociology of Education 25 (4): 457–471. doi:10.1080/0142569042000236952.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman, D. 2003. “On Borders and Power: A Theoretical Framework.” Journal of Borderlands Studies 18 (1): 13–25. doi:10.1080/08865655.2003.9695598.
   Google Scholar
• Nyberg, R. A. 2018. “Using ‘Smartness’ to Reorganise Sectors: Energy Infrastructure and Information Engagement.” International Journal of Information Management 39 (April): 60–68. doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.11.011.
   Google Scholar
• Petroski, H. 1985. To Engineer Is Human: The Role of Failure in Successful Design. London: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Ploner, J. 2015. “Resilience, Moorings and International Student Mobilities – Exploring Biographical Narratives of Social Science Students in the UK.” Mobilities 12 (3): 425–444. doi:10.1080/17450101.2015.1087761.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riaño, Y., C. Van Mol, and P. Raghuram. 2018. “New Directions in Studying Policies of International Student Mobility and Migration.” Globalisation, Societies and Education 16 (3): 283–294. doi:10.1080/14767724.2018.1478721.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross, J., M. S. Gallagher, and H. Macleod. 2013. “Making Distance Visible: Assembling Nearness in an Online Distance Learning Programme.” The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 14 (4). doi:10.19173/irrodl.v14i4.1545.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rye, S. A. 2014. “The Educational Space of Global Online Higher Education.” Geoforum 51 (January): 6–14. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.09.011.
   Google Scholar
• Ryser, L., S. Markey, G. Halseth, and K. Welch. 2017. “Moving from Mobility to Immobility in the Political Economy of Resource-Dependent Regions.” Applied Mobilities 1–22. doi:10.1080/23800127.2017.1421290.
   Google Scholar
• Schapendonk, J., and G. Steel. 2014. “Following Migrant Trajectories: The Im/Mobility of Sub-Saharan Africans En Route to the European Union.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 104 (2): 262–270. doi:10.1080/00045608.2013.862135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schewel, K. 2019. “Understanding Immobility: Moving beyond the Mobility Bias in Migration Studies.” International Migration Review. doi:10.1177/0197918319831952.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheail, P. 2017. “The Digital University and the Shifting Time–Space of the Campus.” Learning, Media and Technology 43 (1): 56–69. doi:10.1080/17439884.2017.1387139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheller, M. 2014. “The New Mobilities Paradigm for a Live Sociology.” Current Sociology 62 (6): 789–811. doi:10.1177/0011392114533211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheller, M., and J. Urry. 2006. “The New Mobilities Paradigm.” Environment and Planning A 38 (2): 207–226. doi:10.1068/a37268.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simone, A. 2004. “People as Infrastructure: Intersecting Fragments in Johannesburg.” Public Culture 16 (3): 407–429. doi:10.1215/08992363-16-3-407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sondhi, G., and R. King. 2017. “Gendering International Student Migration: An Indian Case-Study.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 43 (8): 1308–1324. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2017.1300288.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparke, M. 2016. “Situated Cyborg Knowledge in Not so Borderless Online Global Education: Mapping the Geosocial Landscape of a MOOC.” Geopolitics 22 (1): 51–72. doi:10.1080/14650045.2016.1204601.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Standing, G. 1981. “Migration and Modes of Exploitation: Social Origins of Immobility and Mobility.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 8 (2): 173–211. doi:10.1080/03066158108438133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stockdale, A., and T. Haartsen. 2018. “Editorial Introduction: Putting Rural Stayers in the Spotlight.” Population, Space and Place 24 (4): 1–8. doi:10.1002/psp.2124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Symes, C. 2013. “Entr’acte: Mobile Choreography and Sydney Rail Commuters.” Mobilities 8 (4): 542–559. doi:10.1080/17450101.2012.724840.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UN. 2015. “Population Facts.” https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/documents/youth/fact-sheets/YouthPOP.pdf
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO. 2018. “Education : Outbound Internationally Mobile Students by Host Region.” http://data.uis.unesco.org/Index.aspx?queryid=172
   Google Scholar
• UNISA. 2018a. Open Distance E-Learning Policy. Pretoria: UNISA.
   Google Scholar
• UNISA. 2018b. “Other Countries in Africa.” https://www.unisa.ac.za/sites/myunisa/default/Assignments-&-Examination/Examinations/Examination-centres/Other-countries-in-Africa
   Google Scholar
• UNISA. 2018c. “Student Enrolments.” https://www.unisa.ac.za/sites/corporate/default/About/Facts-&-figures/Student-enrolments
   Google Scholar
• Urry, J. 2007. Mobilities. London: Polity.
   Google Scholar
• Velde, M. V. D., and T. van Naerssen. 2011. “People, Borders, Trajectories: An Approach to Cross-Border Mobility and Immobility in and to the European Union.” Area 43 (2): 218–224. doi:10.1111/area.2011.43.issue-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walton-Roberts, M. 2015. “Femininity, Mobility and Family Fears: Indian International Student Migration and Transnational Parental Control.” Journal of Cultural Geography 32 (1): 68–82. doi:10.1080/08873631.2014.1000561.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters, J. 2017. “Education Unbound? Enlivening Debates with a Mobilities Perspective on Learning.” Progress in Human Geography 41 (3): 279–298. doi:10.1177/0309132516637908.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters, J., and M. Leung. 2013. “Immobile Transnationalisms? Young People and Their in Situ Experiences of ‘International’ Education in Hong Kong.” Urban Studies 50 (3): 606–620. doi:10.1177/0042098012468902.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, J. M. 2015. “From Humanitarian Exceptionalism to Contingent Care: Care and Enforcement at the Humanitarian Border.” Political Geography 47 (July): 11–20. doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2015.01.001.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, A. 2017. “Ambivalences of Mobility: Rival State Authorities and Mobile Strategies in a Saharan Conflict.” American Ethnologist 44 (1): 77–90. doi:10.1111/amet.12427.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang, B., and J. Lindquist. 2018. “Migration Infrastructure.” International Migration Review 48 (S1): S122–48. doi:10.1111/imre.12141.
   Google Scholar
• Xiang, B., and W. Shen. 2009. “International Student Migration and Social Stratification in China.” International Journal of Educational Development 29 (5): 513–522. doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2009.04.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, C. L. 2018. “Political Habitus in Cross-Border Student Migration: A Longitudinal Study of Mainland Chinese Students in Hong Kong and Beyond.” International Studies in Sociology of Education 27 (2–3): 255–270. doi:10.1080/09620214.2017.1415768.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye, J. 2018. “Stayers in China’s ‘Hollowed‐Out’ Villages: A Counter Narrative on Massive Rural–Urban Migration.” Population, Space and Place 24 (4). doi:10.1002/psp.2128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar