Self-reflected causes of substance abuse among Hong Kong young addicts

References

• Ayers , C. D. , Williams , J. H. W. , Hawkins , J. D. , Peterson , P. L. , Catalano , R. F. and Abbott , R. D. 1999 . Assessing correlates of onset, escalation, deescalation and desistance of delinquent behavior . Journal of Quantitative Criminology , 15 : 277 – 306 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , P. J. , Anderson , L. E. and Dorn , D. S. 1992 . Social problems: A critical thinking approach , 2nd , Belmont , CA : Wadsworth .
   Google Scholar
• Benda , B. B. and Corwyn , R. F. 1997 . Religion and delinquency: The relationship after considering family and peer influences . Journal for Scientific Study of Religion , 36 : 81 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biglan , A. , Weissman , W. and Severson , H. 1985 . “ Coping with social influences to smokes ” . In Coping and substance use , Edited by: Shiffman , S. and Wills , T. A. 95 – 116 . Orlando , FL : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Black , R. and Ramsay , H. 2003 . The Ethics of Gambling: Guidelines for Players and Commercial Providers . International Gambling Studies , 3 : 199 – 215 .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , S. R. 1980 . Political subjectivity: Applications of Q-methodology in political science , New Haven , CT : Yale University .
   Google Scholar
• Butt , T. 1999 . “ Realism, constructionism and phenomenology ” . In Social Constructionist psychology: A critical analysis of theory and practice , Edited by: Nightingale , D. J. and Cromby Social , J. 127 – 140 . Buckingham : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cheung , C. K. , Lee , T. Y. and Lee , C. M. 2003 . Factors in successful relapse prevention among Hong Kong drug addicts . Journal of Offender Rehabilitation , 37 : 179 – 200 .
   Google Scholar
• Coleman , L. and Cater , S. 2005 . Underage ‘binge’ drinking: A qualitative study into motivations and outcomes . Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy , 12 : 125 – 136 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Commission on Narcotic Drugs . 1999 . Youth and drugs: A global overview , Vienna , , Austria : Economic and Social Council, United Nations .
   Google Scholar
• Comrey , A. L. 1973 . A first course in factor analysis , San Diego , CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Crutchfield , R. D. and Pitchford , S. R. 1997 . Work and crime: The effects of labor stratification . Social Forces , 76 : 93 – 118 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cureton , E. and D'Agostino , R. B. 1983 . Factor analysis: An applied approach , Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Dahlback , O. 2003 . Analyzing rational crime: Models and methods , Dordrecht , , the Netherlands : Kluwer .
   Google Scholar
• Dembo , R. , Seeberger , W. , Shemwell , M. , Klein , L. , Rollie , M. Pacheco , K. 2000 . Psychological Functioning among Juvenile Offenders 12 Months after Family Empowerment Intervention . Journal of Offender & Rehabilitation , 32 : 1 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Dijkstra , A. , Sweeney , L. and Gebhardt , W. 2001 . Social cognitive determinants of drinking in youth adults: beyond the alcohol experiences paradigm . Addictive Behaviors , 26 : 689 – 706 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downs , W. R. and Ross , S. R. 1991 . The relationship of adolescent peer group to the incidence of psychological problems . Adolescence , 20 : 473 – 492 .
   Google Scholar
• Fergusson , D. M. and Horwood , L. J. 2000 . Alcohol and crime: A fixed effects regression analysis . Addiction , 95 : 1525 – 1536 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furr , L. A. 1997 . Exploring human behavior and the social environment , Boston : Allyn and Bacon .
   Google Scholar
• Gibbs , J. C. 1991 . “ Sociomoral developmental delay and cognitive distortion: Implications for the treatment of antisocial youth ” . In Handbook of moral behavior and development , Edited by: Kurtines , W. M. and Gewirtz , J. L. Vol. 3 , 95 – 110 . Hillsdale , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Glover , T. D. 2003 . Regulating the rave scene: Exploring the policy alternatives of government . Leisure Sciences , 25 : 307 – 325 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gold , M. 1987 . “ Social ecology ” . In Handbook of juvenile delinquency , Edited by: Quay , Herbert C. 62 – 125 . New York : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Hackney , C. H. and Sanders , G. S. 2003 . Religiosity and mental health: A meta-analysis of recent studies . Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , 42 : 42 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris , K. M. , Duncan , G. J. and Boisjoly , J. 2002 . Evaluating the role of ‘Nothing to Lose’ attitude on risky behavior in adolescence . Social Forces , 80 : 1005 – 1039 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hipp , J. R. , Bauer , D. J. , Curran , P. J. and Bollen , K. A. 2004 . Crimes of opportunity or crimes of emotion? Testing two explanations of seasonal change in crime . Social Forces , 82 : 1333 – 1372 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard , O. and Jenson , J. 1999 . Inhalant use among antisocial youth: Prevalence and correlates . Addictive Behaviors , 24 : 59 – 74 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoyt , D. R. , Ryan , K. D. and Cauce , A. M. 1999 . Personal victimization in a high-risk environment: Homeless and runaway adolescents . Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , 36 : 371 – 392 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston , L. D. , O'Malley , P. M. and Bachman , J. G. 1991 . Drug use among American high school seniors, college student and youth adults, 1975–1990: College students and young adults , Washington , DC : US Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , R. H. 2005 . Mediated addiction: The drug discourses of Hong Kong . Health, Risk & Society , 7 : 25 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly , K. A. 2004 . Working together to stop domestic violence: State–community partnerships and the changing meaning of public and private . Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare , 31 : 27 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Kendall , P. C. 1991 . “ Guiding theory for therapy with children and adolescents ” . In Child and adolescent therapy: Cognitive-behavioral procedures , Edited by: Kendall , P. C. 3 – 22 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Larson , K. A. 1988 . A research review and alternative hypothesis explaining the link between learning disability and delinquency . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 21 : 357 – 363 . 369
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leeds , J. and Morgenstein , J. 1996 . “ Psychoanalytic theories of substance abuse ” . In Treating substance abuse: Theory and techniques , Edited by: Rotgers , F. , Keller , D. S. and Morgenstern , J. 68 – 83 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Levin , J. and Taylor , R. 1998 . Panel religious involvement and well-being in African Americans: Contemporaneous and longitudinal effects . Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , 37 : 695 – 709 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marlatt , G. A. and Witkiewitz , K. 2002 . Harm reduction approaches to alcohol use: Health promotion, prevention, and treatment . Addictive Behaviors , 27 : 867 – 886 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mckeganey , N. 2005 . Physical and sexual abuse among drug users contacting drug treatment services in Scotland . Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy , 12 : 223 – 233 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKeown , B. and Thomas , D. 1988 . Q methodology , Newbury Park , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , N. S. and Gold , M. S. 1990 . Organic solvent and aerosols: An overview of abuse and dependence . Annals of Clinical Psychiatry , 2 : 85 – 92 .
   Google Scholar
• Narcotics Division . 2006a . Central Registry of drug Abuse fifty-fifth report , Hong Kong , , China : Security Bureau .
   Google Scholar
• Narcotics Division . 2006b . Hong Kong narcotics report 2006 , Hong Kong , , China : Security Bureau .
   Google Scholar
• Neubeck , K. J. and Neubeck , M. A. 1997 . Social problems: A critical approach , Boston , MA : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Ngai , N. P. and Cheung , C. K. 2005 . Predictors of the likelihood of delinquency: A study of marginal youth in Hong Kong, China . Youth & Society , 36 : 445 – 470 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nystrom , M. 1992 . Positive and negative consequences of alcohol drinking among young university students in Finland . British Journal of Addiction , 87 : 715 – 722 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pennington , D. C. 2000 . Social cognition , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Peritore , N. P. 1989 . Brazilian party left opinion: A Q-methodology profile . Political Psychology , 10 : 675 – 702 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers , W. S. 1991 . Explaining health and illness: An exploration of diversity , New York : Harvester Wheatsheaf .
   Google Scholar
• Rosenfeld , R. , Messher , S. F. and Baumer , E. P. 2001 . Social capital and homicide . Social Forces , 80 : 283 – 309 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rufus , B. and Ramsay , H. 2003 . The ethics of gambling: Guidelines for players and commercial providers . International Gambling Studies , 3 : 199 – 215 .
   Google Scholar
• Senn , C. Y. 1993 . Women's multiple perspectives and experiences with pornography . Psychology of Women Quarterly , 17 : 319 – 341 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherman , L. W. , Gartin , P. R. and Buerger , M. E. 1989 . Hot sports of predatory crime: Routine activities and the criminology of place . Criminology , 27 : 27 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stenner , P. and Marshall , H. 1995 . A Q methodology of rebelliousness . European Journal of Social Psychology , 25 : 621 – 636 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Aswegen , F. 2000 . Controlling crime: A comparison of the policies of South African political parties . Society in Transition , 31 : 126 – 143 .
   Google Scholar
• Vitale , S. and van de Mheen , D. 2006 . Illicit drug use and injuries: A review of emergency room studies . Drug & Alcohol Dependence , 82 : 1 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weschler , H. , Moeykens , B. , Davenport , A. , Castillo , S. and Hansen , J. 1995 . The adverse impact of heavy episodic drinkers on other college students . Journal of Studies on Alcohol , 56 : 628 – 634 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wexler , H. K. 1994 . Progress in prison substance abuse treatment: A five year report . Journal of Drug Issues , 24 : 349 – 360 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willer , D. 1992 . “ The principle of rational choice and the problem of a satisfactory theory ” . In Rational choice theory: Advocacy and critique , Edited by: Coleman , J. S. and Fararo , T. J. 49 – 78 . Newbury Park , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , S. J. , Mark , W. L. and Haluk , S. 2003 . Are mainstream programs for juvenile delinquency less effective with minority youth than majority youth? A meta-analysis of outcomes research . Research on Social Work Practice , 13 : 3 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar