South African child report of caregiver attunement as a mechanism to decrease engagement in risky sexual situations and depression

References

• Alleyne-Green, B., Grinnell-Davis, C., Clark, T. T., Quinn, C. R., & Cryer-Coupet, Q. R. (2016). Father involvement, dating violence, and sexual risk behaviors among a national sample of adolescent females. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 31(5), 810–830. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514556762
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. (2018). SRMR in mplus. http://www.statmodel.com/download/SRMR2.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Bang, Y. R., Park, J. H., & Kim, S. H. (2015). Cut-Off scores of the children’s depression inventory for screening and rating severity in Korean adolescents. Psychiatry Investigation, 12(1), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.4306/pi.2015.12.1.23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastien, S., Kajula, L. J., & Muhwezi, W. W. (2011). A review of studies of parent-child communication about sexuality and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. Reproductive Health, 8(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4755-8-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell, C. C., Bhana, A., McKay, M. M., & Petersen, I. (2007). A commentary on the triadic theory of influence as a guide for adapting HIV prevention programs for new contexts and populations: the CHAMP-South Africa story. Social Work in Mental Health, 5(3–4), 243–267. https://doi.org/10.1300/J200v05n03_01
   Google Scholar
• Bell, C. C., Bhana, A., Petersen, I., McKay, M. M., Gibbons, R., Bannon, W., & Amataya, A. (2008). Building protective factors to offset sexually risky behaviors among black youths: A randomized control trial. Journal of the National Medical Association, 100(8), 936–944. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0027-9684(15)31408-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berndt, T. J. (1982). The features and effects of friendship in early adolescence. Child Development, 53(6), 1447–1460. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130071
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhana, A., McKay, M. M., Mellins, C., Petersen, I., & Bell, C. (2010). Family-based HIV prevention and intervention services for youth living in poverty-affected contexts: The CHAMP model of collaborative, evidence-informed programme development. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 13(S2), S8–S8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1758-2652-13-S2-S8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bhana, A., Mellins, C. A., Petersen, I., Alicea, S., Myeza, N., Holst, H., Abrams, E., John, S., Chhagan, M., Nestadt, D. F., Leu, C. S., & McKay, M. (2014). The VUKA family program: piloting a family-based psychosocial intervention to promote health and mental health among HIV infected early adolescents in South Africa. AIDS Care, 26(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2013.806770
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhana, A., Mellins, C. A., Small, L., Nestadt, D. F., Leu, C. S., Petersen, I., Machanyangwa, S., & McKay, M. (2016). Resilience in perinatal HIV+ adolescents in South Africa. Aids Care, 28(sup2), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1176676
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhana, A., Petersen, I., Mason, A., Mahintsho, Z., Bell, C., & McKay, M. (2004). Children and youth at risk: adaptation and pilot study of the CHAMP (Amaqhawe) programme in South Africa. African Journal of AIDS Research, 3(1), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.2989/16085900409490316
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Botvin, G. J., Baker, E., Dusenbury, L., Tortu, S., & Botvin, E. M. (1990). Preventing adolescent drug abuse through a multimodal cognitive-behavioral approach: results of a 3-year study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58(4), 437–446. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.58.4.437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyas, J. F., Stauss, K. A., & Murphy-Erby, Y. (2012). Predictors of frequency of sexual health communication: perceptions from early adolescent youth in rural Arkansas. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 29(4), 267–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-012-0264-2
   Google Scholar
• Caron, A., Weiss, B., Harris, V., & Catron, T. (2006). Parenting behavior dimensions and child psychopathology: specificity, task dependency, and interactive relations. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 35(1), 34–45. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp3501_4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiClemente, R. J., Wingood, G. M., Crosby, R., Sionean, C., Cobb, B. K., Harrington, K., Davies, S., Hook, E. W., III, & Oh, M. K. (2001). Parental monitoring: association with adolescents’ risk behaviors. Pediatrics, 107(6), 1363–1368. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.107.6.1363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dishion, T. J., & McMahon, R. J. (1998). Parental monitoring and the prevention of child and adolescent problem behavior: A conceptual and empirical formulation. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 1(1), 61–75. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021800432380
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dombrowski, S. C., Timmer, S. G., Blacker, D. M., & Urquiza, A. J. (2005). A positive behavioural intervention for toddlers: Parent–Child attunement therapy. Child Abuse Review: Journal of the British Association for the Study and Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, 14(2), 132–151. https://doi.org/10.1002/car.888
   Google Scholar
• DuBois, D. L., Felner, R. D., Brand, S., Adan, A. M., & Evans, E. G. (1992). A prospective study of life stress, social support, and adaptation in early adolescence. Child Development, 63(3), 542–557. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131345
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eddy, M. M., Thomson-de Boor, H., & Mphaka, K. (2013). So we are ATM fathers: A study of absent fathers in Johannesburg, South Africa. University of Johannesburg & Sonke Gender Justice Network.
   Google Scholar
• Feshbach, N. D. (1987). Parental empathy and child adjustment/maladjustment. In N. Eisenberg & J. Strayer (Eds.), Empathy and its development (pp. 271–291). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Flisher, A. J., Dawes, A., Kafaar, Z., Lund, C., Sorsdahl, K., Myers, B., Thom, R., & Seedat, S. (2012). Child and adolescent mental health in South Africa. Journal of Child & Adolescent Mental Health, 24(2), 149–161. https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2012.735505
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Govender, K., Reardon, C., Quinlan, T., & George, G. (2014). Children’s psychosocial wellbeing in the context of HIV/AIDS and poverty: A comparative investigation of orphaned and non-orphaned children living in South Africa. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-615
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadley, W., Houck, C. D., Barker, D., & Senocak, N. (2015). Relationships of parental monitoring and emotion regulation with early adolescents’ sexual behaviors. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics: JDBP, 36(5), 381–388. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., & Miller, J. Y. (1992). Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 64–105. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holigrocki, R. J., Kaminski, P. L., & Frieswyk, S. H. (1999). Introduction to the parent-child interaction assessment. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 63(3), 413–428. www.proquest.com/docview/200512173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modelling: guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53–60.
   Google Scholar
• Hutchinson, M. K. (2002). Sexual risk communication with mothers and fathers: influence on the sexual risk behaviors of adolescent daughters. Family Relations, 51(2), 238–247. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2002.00238.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchinson, M. K., & Montgomery, A. J. (2007). Parent communication and sexual risk among African Americans. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 29(6), 691–707. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945906297374
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaccard, J., Dittus, P. J., & Gordon, V. V. (1998). Parent-Adolescent congruency in reports of adolescent sexual behavior and in communications about sexual behavior. Child Development, 69(1), 247–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06146.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaccard, J., Turrisi, R., & Jaccard, J. (2003). Interaction effects in multiple regression (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Jaccard, J., Wan, C. K., & Jaccard, J. (1996). LISREL approaches of interaction effects in multiple regression No. 114. Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: structural equation modeling with the. Scientific Software International. SIMPLIS command language
   Google Scholar
• Kleintjes, S., Flisher, A. J., Fick, M., Railoun, A., Lund, C., Molteno, C., & Robertson, B. A. (2006). The prevalence of mental disorders among children, adolescents and adults in the Western Cape, South Africa. South African Psychiatry Review, 9(3), 157–160.
   Google Scholar
• Kliewer, W., Pillay, B. J., Swain, K., Rawatlal, N., Borre, A., Naidu, T., Pillay, L., Govender, T., Geils, C., Jäggi, L., Drazdowski, T. K., Wright, A. W., & Vawda, N. (2017). Cumulative risk, emotion dysregulation, and adjustment in South African youth. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(7), 1768–1779. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0708-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohut, H. (1984). How does analysis cure? University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kovacs, M. (1985). The children’s depression, inventory (CDI). Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 21(4), 995–998.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krauss, B. J. (1995, February). Calm down, mom, let’s talk about sex, drugs and HIV: 10–13-year old girls’ prescriptions for HIV prevention conversations in their high HIV seroprevalence neighborhood [ Paper presentation]. HIV infection in women conference, Washington, D.C., United States.
   Google Scholar
• Krauss, B. J. (1997). HIV education for teens and preteens in a high-seroprevalence inner-city neighborhood. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 78(6), 579–591. https://doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.3388
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuo, C., Atujuna, M., Mathews, C., Stein, D. J., Hoare, J., Beardslee, W., & K. Brown, L. (2016). Developing family interventions for adolescent HIV prevention in South Africa. AIDS Care, 28(sup1), 106–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1146396
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lachman, J. M., Cluver, L. D., Boyes, M. E., Kuo, C., & Casale, M. (2014). Positive parenting for positive parents: HIV/AIDS, poverty, caregiver depression, child behavior, and parenting in South Africa. AIDS Care, 26(3), 304–313. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2013.825368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latouf, N., & Dunn, M. (2010). Parenting styles affecting the social behaviour of five-year olds. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 20(1), 109–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2010.10820350
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy, S. R., Lampman, C., Handler, A., Flay, B. R., & Weeks, K. (1993). Young adolescent attitudes toward sex and substance use: implications for AIDS prevention. AIDS Education and Prevention, 5(4), 340–351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7(1), 83–104. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makwakwa, T. (2011). Emerging Adulthood: Examining The Relationship Between Parenting Styles And Decision-Making Of University Resident Students [ Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of the Western Cape, Cape Town.
   Google Scholar
• Maurice, J. (2014). South Africa’s battle against HIV/AIDS gains momentum. The Lancet, 383(9928), 1535–1536. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60733-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKay, M. M., Gopalan, G., Franco, L. M., Kalogerogiannis, K., Umpierre, M., Olshtain-Mann, O., Bannon, W., Elwyn, L., & Goldstein, L. (2010). It takes a village to deliver and test child and family-focused services. Research on Social Work Practice, 20(5), 476–482. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731509360976
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellins, C. A., Dolezal, C., Brackis-Cott, E., Nicholson, O., Warne, P., & Meyer-Bahlburg, H. F. L. (2007). Predicting the onset of sexual and drug risk behaviors in HIV-Negative youths with HIV-Positive mothers: the role of contextual, self-regulation, and social-interaction factors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36(3), 265–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-006-9129-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, K. F., Borelli, J. L., & Margolin, G. (2018). Parent–Child attunement moderates the prospective link between parental overcontrol and adolescent adjustment. Family Process, 57(3), 679–693. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moos, R. H., & Moos, B. S. (2013). Family environment scale. In N. Fredman & R. Sherman (Eds.), Handbook of measurements for marriage and family therapy (pp. 82–86). Brunner/Mazel, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Morris, A. S., Robinson, L. R., Hays‐Grudo, J., Claussen, A. H., Hartwig, S. A., & Treat, A. E. (2017). Targeting parenting in early childhood: A public health approach to improve outcomes for children living in poverty. Child Development, 88(2), 388–397. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12743
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Namisi, F., Aarø, L. E., Kaaya, S., Kajula, L. J., Kilonzo, G. P., Onya, H., Wubs, A., & Mathews, C. (2015). Adolescents’ communication with parents, other adult family members and teachers on sexuality: effects of school-based interventions in South Africa and Tanzania. AIDS and Behavior, 19(12), 2162–2176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-015-1019-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Brien, K. H. M., Hernandez, L., & Spirito, A. (2015). Parental monitoring affects the relationship between depressed mood and alcohol-related problems in adolescents. Substance Abuse, 36(1), 82–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2014.934417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paikoff, R. L. (1995). Early heterosexual debut: Situations of sexual possibility during the transition to adolescence. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 65(3), 389–401. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0079652
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parchment, T. M., Small, L., Osuji, H., McKay, M., & Bhana, A. (2016). Familial and contextual influences on children’s prosocial behavior: South African caregivers as adult protective shields in enhancing child mental health. Global Social Welfare, 3(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40609-016-0042-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel, V., Flisher, A. J., Hetrick, S., & McGorry, P. (2007). Mental health of young people: A global public-health challenge. The Lancet, 369(9569), 1302–1313. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60368-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel, V., Flisher, A. J., Nikapota, A., & Malhotra, S. (2008). Promoting child and adolescent mental health in low and middle income countries. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(3), 313–334. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01824.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen, I., Bhana, A., & McKay, M. (2005). Sexual violence and youth in South Africa: the need for community-based prevention interventions. Child Abuse & Neglect, 29(11), 1233–1248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2005.02.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettit, G. S., Laird, R. D., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., & Criss, M. M. (2001). Antecedents and behavior-problem outcomes of parental monitoring and psychological control in early adolescence. Child Development, 72(2), 583–598. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiss, F. (2013). Socioeconomic inequalities and mental health problems in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Social Science & Medicine, 90, 24–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.04.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roman, N. V., Davids, E. L., Moyo, A., Schilder, L., Lacante, M., & Lens, W. (2015). Parenting styles and psychological needs influences on adolescent life goals and aspirations in a South African setting. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 25(4), 305–312. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2015.1078087
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rueger, S. Y., Malecki, C. K., & Demaray, M. K. (2010). Relationship between multiple sources of perceived social support and psychological and academic adjustment in early adolescence: comparisons across gender. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(1), 47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-008-9368-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Small, L. A., Parchment, T. M., Bahar, O. S., Osuji, H. L., Chomanczuk, A. H., & Bhana, A. (2019). South African adult caregivers as “protective shields”: Serving as a buffer between stressful neighborhood conditions and youth risk behaviors. Journal of Community Psychology, 47(8), 1850–1864. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinhauer, P. D., Santa-Barbara, J., & Skinner, H. (1984). The process model of family functioning. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 29(2), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674378402900202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitaker, D. J., & Miller, K. (2000). Parent-adolescent discussions about sex and condoms: Impact on peer influences of sexual risk behavior. Journal of Adolescent Research, 15(2), 251–273. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558400152004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wigfield, A., Eccles, J. S., Mac Iver, D., Reuman, D. A., & Midgley, C. (1991). Transitions during early adolescence: changes in children’s domain-specific self-perceptions and general self-esteem across the transition to junior high school. Developmental Psychology, 27(4), 552–565. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.27.4.552
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, C. D., Lindsey, M., & Joe, S. (2011). Parent–Adolescent concordance on perceived need for mental health services and its impact on service use. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(11), 2253–2260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.07.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar