Effects of the dietary ratio of ruminal degraded to undegraded protein and feed intake on intestinal flows of endogenous nitrogen and amino acids in goats

References

• Anderson LP, Paterson JA, Ansotegui RP, Cecava M, Schmutz W. 2001. The effects of degradable and undegradable intake protein on the performance of lactating first-calf heifers. J Anim Sci. 79:2224–2232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [AOAC] Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 2002. Official methods of analysis. 16th ed. Washington (DC): Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson RL, Toone CD, Ludden PA. 2007. Effects of supplemental ruminally degradable protein versus increasing amounts of supplemental ruminally undegradable protein on site and extent of digestion and ruminal characteristics in lambs fed low-quality forage. J Anim Sci. 85:3322–3330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-Ghedalia D, Tagari H, Bondi A, Tadmor A. 1974. Protein digestion in the intestine of sheep. Brit J Nutr. 31:125–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunting LD, Boling JA, MacKown CT, Davenport GM. 1989. Effect of dietary protein level on nitrogen metabolism in the growing bovine: II. Diffusion into and utilization of endogenous urea nitrogen in the rumen. J Anim Sci. 67:820–826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darragh AJ, Moughan PJ, Smith WC. 1990. The effect of amino acid and peptide alimentation on the determination of endogenous amino acid flow at the terminal ileum of the rat. J Sci Food Agr. 51:47–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen B. 1989. Determination of nitrogen as elementary N, an alternative to Kjeldahl. Acta Agr Scand A-AN. 39:113–118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hess V, Ganier P, Thibault JN, Seve B. 2000. Comparison of the isotope dilution method for determination of the ileal endogenous amino acid losses with labelled diet and labelled pigs. Brit J Nutr. 83:123–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutton K, Bailey FJ, Annison EF. 1971. Measurement of the bacterial nitrogen entering the duodenum of the ruminant using diaminopimelic acid as a marker. Brit J Nutr. 25:165–173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hvelplund T, Madsen J. 1985. Amino acid passage to the small intestine in dairy cows compared with estimates of microbial protein and undegraded dietary protein from analysis on the feed. Acta Agr Scand (Suppl). 25:21–36.
   Google Scholar
• Jensen C, Weisbjerg MR, Hvelplund T. 2006. Evaluation of methods for estimating the amino acid supply to the duodenum of microbial, endogenous and undegraded feed protein on maize silage diets fed to dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 131:1–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapierre H, Ouellet DR, Berthiaume R, Martineau R, Holtrop G, Lobley GE. 2008. Distribution of 15N in amino acids during 15N-leucine infusion: impact on the estimation of endogenous flows in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 91:2702–2714.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen M, Madsen TG, Weisbjerg MR, Hvelplund T, Madsen J. 2000. Endogenous amino acid flow in the duodenum of dairy cows. Acta Agr Scand A-AN. 50:161–173.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen M, Madsen TG, Weisbjerg MR, Hvelplund T, Madsen J. 2001. Small intestinal digestibility of microbial and endogenous amino acids in dairy cows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 85:9–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lien KA, Sauer WC, Fenton M. 1997. Mucin output in ileal digesta of pigs fed a protein-free diet. Z Ernährungswiss. 36:182–190.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lofgreen GP, Kleiber M. 1983. The availability of the phosphorus in alfalfa hay. J Anim Sci. 12:366–371.
   Google Scholar
• Mason VC, Bech-Andersen S, Rudemo M. 1980. Hydrolysate preparation for amino acid determinations in feed constituents. 8. Studies of oxidation conditions for streamlined procedures. Z Tierphysiol Tierernährg Futtermittelkde. 43:146–164.
   Google Scholar
• Moughan PJ, Schuttert G. 1991. Composition of nitrogen-containing fractions in digesta from the distal ileum of pigs fed a protein-free diet. J Nutr. 121:1570–1574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [NRC] National Research Council. 2001. Protein and amino acids. In: Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 7th ed. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; p. 43–104.
   Google Scholar
• Ørskov ER, McDonald I. 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. J Agr Sci. 92:499–503.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouellet DR, Demers M, Zuur G, Lobley GE, Seoane JR, Nolan JV, Lapierre H. 2002. Effect of dietary fiber on endogenous nitrogen flows in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 85:3013–3025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravindran V, Hew LI, Ravindran G, Bryden WL. 2004. Endogenous amino acid flow in the avian ileum: quantification using three techniques. Brit J Nutr. 92:217–223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed JJ, Lardyl GP, Bauer ML, Gilbery TC, Caton JS. 2004. Effect of field pea level on intake, digestion, microbial efficiency, ruminal fermentation and in situ disappearance in beef steers fed growing diets. J Anim Sci. 82:2123–2130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandek A, Krawielitzki K, Kowalczyk J, Kreienbring F, Gabel M, Schönhusen U, Zebrowska T, Hagemeisister H, Voigt J. 2001. Studies on N-metabolism in different gastrointestinal sections of sheep using the digesta exchange technique. 2. Passage of endogenous nitrogen. J Anim Feed Sci. 10:1230–1388.
   Google Scholar
• SAS. 1996. SAS user’s guide: statistics, version 6. 12th ed. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Schurch AF, Lloyd LE, Crampton EW. 1950. The use of chromic oxide as an index for determining the digestibility of a diet. J Nutr. 41:629–636.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon O, Zebrowska T, Bergner H, Münchmeyer R. 1983. Investigations on the pancreatic and stomach secretion in pigs by means of continuous infusion of 14C-amino acids. Arch Anim Nutr. 33:9–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snook JT, Meyer JH. 1964. Response of digestive enzymes to dietary protein. J Nutr. 82:409–414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun ZH, Tan ZL, Yao JH, Tang ZR, Shan JG, Hu JP, Tang SX, Jiang YM. 2007. Effects of intra-duodenal provision of limiting amino acids on serum concentrations of immunoglobulins and tissue concentrations of DNA and RNA in growing goats fed a maize stover-based diet. Small Ruminant Res. 69:159–166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamminga S, Schulze H, Van Bruchem J, Huisman J. 1995. The nutritional significance of endogenous N-losses along the gastro-intestinal tract of farm animals. Arch Anim Nutr. 48:9–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan Z-L, Lu D-X, Hu M, Niu W-Y, Han C-Y, Ren X-P, Na R, Lin S-L. 2001. Effects of dietary nitrogen sources on fiber digestion and ruminal fluid characteristics in sheep fed wheat straw. Asian-Austral J Anim Sci. 14:1374–1382.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taverner MR, Hume ID, Farrell DJ. 1981. Availability to pigs of amino acids in cereal grains. 1. Endogenous levels of amino acids in ileal digesta and faeces of pigs given cereal diets. Brit J Nutr. 46:149–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Bruchem J, Bongers LJGM, Lammers-Wienhoven SCW, Bangma GA, Van Adrichem PWM. 1989. Apparent and true digestibility of protein and amino acids in the small intestine of sheep as related to the duodenal passage of protein and non-protein dry matter. Livest Prod Sci. 23:317–327.
   Google Scholar
• Van Bruchem J, Voight J, Lammers-Wienhoven SCW, Schönhusen U, Ketelaars JJMH, Tamminga S. 1997. Secretion and reabsorption of endogenous protein along the small intestine of sheep: estimates derived from 15N dilution of plasma non-protein-N. Brit J Nutr. 77:273–286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci. 74:3583–3597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang HF, Zhang ZY. 1998. Animal nutrition parameters and feeding standard. Beijing, China: China Agriculture Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao XG, Wang M, Tan ZL, Tang SX, Sun ZH, Zhou CS, Han XF. 2009. Effects of rice straw particle size on chewing activity, feed intake, rumen fermentation and digestion in goats. Asian-Austral J Anim Sci. 22:1256–1266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou CS, Jiang HL, Tan ZL, Zhao XG, Sun ZH, Tang SX, Wang M. 2008. Estimation of endogenous nitrogen and amino acids flow at the duodenum and ileum in growing goats fed on different NDF level diets. J Appl Anim Res. 33:137–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar