Deep-sea sponge grounds of the Flemish Cap, Flemish Pass and the Grand Banks of Newfoundland (Northwest Atlantic Ocean): Distribution and species composition

References

• Amsler , MO , McClintock , JB , Amsler , CD , Angus , RA and Baker , BJ. 2009 . An evaluation of sponge-associated amphipods from the Antarctic Peninsula . Antarctic Science , 21 : 579 – 89 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ardron , JA , Jamieson , GS and Hangaard , D. 2007 . Spatial identification of closures to reduce the by-catch of corals and sponges in the groundfish trawl fishery, British Columbia, Canada . Bulletin of Marine Science , 81 : 157 – 67 .
   Google Scholar
• Barthel , D , Tendal , OS and Thiel , H. 1996 . A wandering population of the hexactinellid sponge Pheronema carpenteri on the continental slope off Moroco, Northwest Africa . Marine Ecology , 17 : 603 – 16 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell , JJ. 2008 . The functional roles of marine sponges. Estuarine . Coastal and Shelf Science , 79 : 341 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bett , BJ and Rice , AL. 1992 . The influence of hexactinellid sponge (Pheronema carpenteri) spicules on the patchy distribution of macrobenthos in the Porcupine Seabight (bathyal NE Atlantic) . Ophelia , 36 : 217 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowering , WR and Brodie , WB. 1995 . “ Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides). A review of the dynamics of its distribution and fisheries off eastern Canada and Greenland ” . In Deep-Water Fisheries of the North Atlantic Oceanic Slope , Edited by: Hopper , AG . 113 – 60 . Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Campanis G , Thompson A , Fischer J , Federizon R. 2008 . The geographical distribution of the high-seas commercial Greenland Halibut Fishery in the Northwest Atlantic . NAFO SCR Doc. No. 1, Serial No. N5483. 11 pages .
   Google Scholar
• Casas JM. 2008 . The Spanish Shrimp Fishery on Flemish Cap (Division 3M) and Division 3L in 2007 . NAFO SCR Doc. No. 65, Serial No. N5597 . 5 pages .
   Google Scholar
• Clarke KR , Warwick RM. 1994 . Change in marine communities: An approach to statistical analysis and interpretation . Swindon : Natural Environment Research Council . 144 pages .
   Google Scholar
• Colbourne , EB and Foote , KD. 2000 . Variability of the stratification and circulation on the Flemish Cap during the decades of the 1950s–1990s . Journal of the Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science , 26 : 103 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Cook SE. 2005 . Ecology of the Hexactinellid Sponge Reefs on the Western Canadian Continental Shelf . MSc thesis, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia . 127 pages .
   Google Scholar
• De Goeij , JM and van Duyl , FC. 2007 . Coral cavities are sinks of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) . Limnology and Oceanography , 52 : 2608 – 17 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Río JL , González F , González D. 2003 . The Spanish Fishery (1998, 2000–2002) and the Spanish 3NO Survey (1995–2002) in relation to the Skate Fishery in NAFO Divisions 3NO. NAFO SCR Doc. No. 39 , Serial No. N4857 . 16 pages .
   Google Scholar
• Durán Muñoz P , Paz X , Casas M , Román E. 2007 . Information on Main Characteristics of Spanish Deep-sea Surveys in NW Atlantic (NAFO Regulatory Area, Divs. 3LMNO). WDoc . ICES Working Group on Deep-Water Ecology. Plymouth, 26–28 February . 5 pages .
   Google Scholar
• Durán Muñoz P , Sayago-Gil M , Patrocinio T , Gonzalez-Porto M , Murillo FJ , Sacau M , et al. 2012 . Distribution patterns of deep-sea fish and benthic invertebrates from trawlable grounds of the Hatton Bank, north-east Atlantic: Effects of deep-sea bottom trawling . Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom . doi: 10.1017/S002531541200015X .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAO . 2009 . International Guidelines for the Management of Deep-sea Fisheries in the High Seas . Rome : FAO . 73 pages .
   Google Scholar
• Freese , L , Auster , PJ , Heifetz , J and Wing , BL. 1999 . Effects of trawling on seafloor habitat and associated invertebrate taxa in the Gulf of Alaska . Marine Ecology Progress Series , 182 : 119 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freese , JL. 2001 . Trawl-induced damage to sponges observed from a research submersible . Marine Fisheries Review , 63 : 7 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Freese , JL and Wing , BL. 2003 . Juvenile red rockfish, Sebastes sp., associations with sponges in the Gulf of Alaska . Marine Fisheries Review , 65 : 38 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Fuller SD. 2011 . Diversity of marine sponges in the Northwest Atlantic . PhD thesis, Dalhousie University, Halifax . 215 pages .
   Google Scholar
• Fuller SD , Murillo Perez FJ , Wareham V , Kenchington E. 2008 . Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems Dominated by Deep-Water Corals and Sponges in the NAFO Convention Area . NAFO SCR Doc. No. 22, Serial No. N5524 . 24 pages .
   Google Scholar
• Gatti , S. 2002 . The role of sponges in high-Antarctic carbon and silicon cycling – A modelling approach . Reports on Polar and Marine Research , 434 : 1 – 124 .
   Google Scholar
• Gil , J , Sánchez , R , Cerviño , S and Garabana , D. 2004 . Geostrophic circulation and heat flux across the Flemish Cap, 1988–2000 . Journal of the Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science , 34 : 61 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• González-Costas F , González-Troncoso D. 2009 . Spanish 2006–2008 Fisheries Footprint, scientific Observers and surveys coverage and update of the Standardized CPUE Indices for Greenland Halibut . NAFO SCR Doc. No. 22, Serial No. N5657 . 16 pages .
   Google Scholar
• González-Costas F , González-Troncoso D , Ramilo G , Román E , Lorenzo J , Casas M , et al. 2011 . Spanish Research Report for 2010 . NAFO SCS Doc. No. 11, Serial No. N5884 . 35 pages .
   Google Scholar
• Hall-Spencer , JM , Tasker , M , Soffker , M , Christiansen , S , Rogers , S Campbell , M . 2009 . Design of Marine Protected Areas on high seas and territorial waters of Rockall Bank . Marine Ecology Progress Series , 397 : 305 – 08 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heifetz , J , Stone , RP and Shotwell , SK. 2009 . Damage and disturbance to coral and sponge habitat of the Aleutian Archipelago . Marine Ecology Progress Series , 397 : 295 – 303 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hentschel , U , Hopke , J , Horn , M , Friedrich , AB , Wagner , M Hacker , J . 2002 . Molecular evidence for a uniform microbial community in sponges from different oceans . Applied and Environmental Microbiology , 68 : 4431 – 40 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrnkind , WF , Butler , IV MJ , Hunt , JH and Childress , M. 1997 . Role of physical refugia: Implications from a mass sponge die-off in a lobster nursery in Florida . Marine and Freshwater Research , 48 : 759 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann , F , Rapp , HT , Zöller , T and Reitner , J. 2003 . Growth and regeneration in cultivated fragments of the boreal deep water sponge Geodia barretti Bowerbank, 1858 (Geodiidae, Tetractinellida, Demospongiae) . Journal of Biotechnology , 100 : 109 – 18 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogg MM , Tendal OS , Conway KW , Pomponi SA , van Soest RWM , Gutt J , et al. 2010 . Deep-sea Sponge Grounds: Reservoirs of Biodiversity . Cambridge : UNEP-WCMC Biodiversity Series No. 32. UNEP-WCMC . 86 pages .
   Google Scholar
• Hoppe , WF. 1988 . Growth, regeneration and predation in three species of large coral reef sponges . Marine Ecology Progress Series , 50 : 117 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ICES . 2009 . Report of the ICES–NAFO Working Group on Deep-Water Ecology (WGDEC), 9–13 March 2009 . ICES Document CM 2009/ACOM: 23 . 92 pages .
   Google Scholar
• ICES . 2010 . Report of the ICES–NAFO Joint Working Group on Deep-Water Ecology (WGDEC), 22–26 March 2010 . ICES Document CM 2010/ACOM: 26 . 136 pages .
   Google Scholar
• IOC, IHO, BODC . 2003 . Centenary Edition of the GEBCO Digital Atlas, published on CD-ROM on behalf of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and the International Hydrographic Organization as part of the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans . British Oceanographic Data Centre , Liverpool , UK . http://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gebco_digital_atlas. (accessed on 02/08/2012)
   Google Scholar
• Jones , JB. 1992 . Environmental impact of trawling on the seabed: A review . New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research , 26 : 59 – 67 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenchington E , Lirette C , Cogswell A , Archambault D , Archambault P , Benoit H , et al. 2010 . Delineating Coral and Sponge Concentrations in the Biogeographic Regions of the East Coast of Canada Using Spatial Analyses . DFO Canadian Scientific Advisory Secretariat Research Document 2010/041 . iv+207 pages .
   Google Scholar
• Klitgaard , AB. 1995 . The fauna associated with outer shelf and upper slope sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) at the Faroe Islands, Northeastern Atlantic . Sarsia , 80 : 1 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Klitgaard , AB and Tendal , OS. 2004 . Distribution and species composition of mass occurrences of large-sized sponges in the northeast Atlantic . Progress in Oceanography , 61 : 57 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klitgaard , AB , Tendal , OS and Westerberg , H. 1997 . “ Mass occurrences of large sponges (Porifera) in Faroe Island (NE Atlantic) shelf and slope areas: Characteristics, distribution and possible causes ” . In The Responses of Marine Organisms to their Environments , Edited by: Hawings , LE , Hutchinson , S , with Jensen , AC , Sheader , M and Williams , JA . 129 – 42 . UK : University of Southampton . Proceedings of the 30th European Marine Biological Symposium
   Google Scholar
• Kunzmann , K. 1996 . Associated fauna of selected sponges (Hexactinellida and Demospongiae) from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica . Reports on Polar Research , 210 : 1 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Leys , SP and Lauzon , NRJ. 1998 . Hexactinellid sponge ecology: Growth rates and seasonality in deep water sponges . Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , 230 : 111 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murillo FJ , Durán Muñoz P , Sacau M , González-Troncoso D , Serrano A. 2008 . Preliminary data on cold-water corals and large sponges by-catch from Spanish/EU bottom trawl groundfish survey in NAFO Regulatory Area (Divs. 3LMNO) and Canadian EEZ (Div. 3L): 2005–2007 period . NAFO SCR Doc. No. 10, Serial No. N5501 . 28 pages .
   Google Scholar
• Murillo , FJ , Durán Muñoz , P , Altuna , A and Serrano , A. 2011 . Distribution of deep-water corals of the Flemish Cap, Flemish Pass, and the Grand Banks of Newfoundland (Northwest Atlantic Ocean): Interaction with fishing activities . ICES Journal of Marine Science , 68 : 319 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NAFO . 2009a . Report of the NAFO Scientific Council Working Group on Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (WGEAFM) . Response to Fisheries Commission Request 9.b and 9.c . NAFO SCS Doc. No. 24, Serial No. N5592 . 26 pages .
   Google Scholar
• NAFO . 2009b . Delineation of Existing Bottom Fishing Areas in the NAFO Regulatory Area . NAFO SCS Doc. No. 21, Serial No. N5676 . 9 pages .
   Google Scholar
• NAFO . 2010 . NAFO Conservation and Enforcement Measures . NAFO/FC Doc. No. 1, Serial No. N5740 . 95 pages .
   Google Scholar
• OSPAR Commision . 2008 . OSPAR List of Threatened and/or Declining Species and Habitats . Reference Number: 2008-6 . 4 pages .
   Google Scholar
• Penney , AJ , Parker , SJ and Brown , JH. 2009 . Protection measures implemented by New Zealand for vulnerable marine ecosystems in the South Pacific Ocean . Marine Ecology Progress Series , 397 : 341 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice , AL , Thurston , MH and New , AL. 1990 . Dense aggregations of a hexactinellid sponge, Pheronema carpenteri, in the Porcupine Seabight (northeast Atlantic Ocean) and possible causes . Progress in Oceanography , 24 : 179 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryer , CH , Stoner , AW and Titgen , RH. 2004 . Behavioural mechanisms underlying the refuge value of benthic habitat structure for two flatfishes with differing anti-predator strategies . Marine Ecology Progress Series , 268 : 231 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spetland , F , Rapp , HT , Hoffmann , F and Tendal , OS. 2007 . “ Sexual reproduction of Geodia barretti Bowerbank, 1858 (Porifera, Astrophorida) in two Scandinavian fjords ” . In Porifera Research: Biodiversity, Innovation and Sustainability , Edited by: Custódio , MR , Lôbo-Hajdu , G , Hajdu , E and Muricy , G . 613 – 20 . Rio de Janeiro , , Brazil : Museu Nacional .
   Google Scholar
• Stein , M. 2007 . Oceanography of the Flemish Cap and adjacent waters . Journal of the Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science , 37 : 135 – 46 .
   Google Scholar
• Thakur , NL and Müller , WEG. 2004 . Biotechnological potential of marine sponges . Current Science , 86 : 1506 – 12 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNGA . 2006 . Resolution adopted by the General Assembly 61/105. Sustainable fisheries, including through the 1995 agreement for the implementation of the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the conservation and management of straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks, and related instruments . Ref.: A/Res/61/105. http://www.un.org/Depts/los/general_assembly/general_assembly_resolutions.htm. (accessed on 02/08/2012)
   Google Scholar
• Vázquez A. 2002 . Catchability comparison between Lofoten and Campelen gears . NAFO SCR. Doc. No. 74, Serial No. N4688 . 9 pages .
   Google Scholar
• Vinnichenko VI , Sklyar VV. 2008 . On the issue of areas closure to protect vulnerable marine habitats in the NAFO Regulatory Area . NAFO SCR Doc. No. 79, Serial No. N5612 . 7 pages .
   Google Scholar
• Wassenberg , TJ , Dews , G and Cook , SD. 2002 . The impact of fish trawls on megabenthos (sponges) on the north-west shelf of Australia . Fisheries Research , 58 : 141 – 51 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar