Azadinium caudatum var. margalefii, a poorly known member of the toxigenic genus Azadinium (Dinophyceae)

References

• Álvarez G, Uribe E, Ávalos P, Mariño C, Blanco J. 2010. First identification of azaspiracid and spirolides in Mesodesma donacium and Mulinia edulis from Northern Chile. Toxicon 55:638–41. 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.07.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amzil Z, Sibat M, Royer F, Savar V. 2008. First report on azaspiracid and yessotoxin groups detection in French shellfish. Toxicon 52:39–48. 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.05.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baek SH, Shimode S, Kikuchi T. 2008. Growth of dinoflagellates, Ceratium furca and Ceratium fusus in Sagami Bay, Japan: The role of temperature, light intensity and photoperiod. Harmful Algae 7:163–73. 10.1016/j.hal.2007.06.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banse K. 1982. Cell volumes, maximal growth rates of unicellular algae and ciliates, and the role of ciliates in the marine pelagial. Limnology and Oceanography 27:1059–71. 10.4319/lo.1982.27.6.1059
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjørnland T, Haxo FT, Liaaen-Jensen S. 2003. Carotenoids of the Florida red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 31:1147–62. 10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00044-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braña Magdalena A, Lehane M, Krys S, Fernandez ML, Furey A, James KJ. 2003. The first identification of azaspiracids in shellfish from France and Spain. Toxicon 42:105–08. 10.1016/S0041-0101(03)00105-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delgado M, Fortuño JM. 1991. Atlas de fitoplancton del Mar Mediterráneo. Scientia Marina 55(Suppl. 1):1–133.
   Google Scholar
• Dodge JD. 1963. The nucleus and nuclear division in the Dinophyceae. Archiv für Protistenkunde 106:442–52.
   Google Scholar
• Dodge JD. 1982. The Dinoflagellates of the British Isles. London: Her Majesty′s Stationery Office. 303 pages.
   Google Scholar
• Dodge JD, Saunders RD. 1985. An SEM study of Amphidoma nucula (Dinophyceae) and description of the thecal plates in A. caudata. Archiv für Protistenkunde 129:89–99. 10.1016/S0003-9365(85)80012-9
   Google Scholar
• Elbrächter M. 2003. Dinophyte reproduction: Progress and conflicts. Journal of Phycology 39:629–32. 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.39041.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritz L, Triemer RE. 1985. A rapid simple technique utilizing Calcofluor white M2R for the visualization of dinoflagellate thecal plates. Journal of Phycology 21:662–64. 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1985.00662.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu FX, Tatters AO, Hutchins DA. 2012. Global change and the future of harmful algal blooms in the ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 470:207–33. 10.3354/meps10047
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furey A, O'Doherty S, O'Callaghan K, Lehane M, James KJ. 2010. Azaspiracid poisoning (AZP) toxins in shellfish: Toxicological and health considerations. Toxicon 56:173–90. 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.09.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu H, Luo Z, Krock B, Witt M, Tillmann U. 2013. Morphology, phylogeny and azaspiracid profile of Azadinium poporum (Dinophyceae) from the China Sea. Hamful Algae 21–22:64–75. 10.1016/j.hal.2012.11.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halldal P. 1953. Phytoplankton investigations from Weather Ship M in the Norwegian Sea, 1948–49. Hvalrådets Skrifter 38:1–91.
   Google Scholar
• Hansen PJ. 2002. Effect of high pH on the growth and survival of marine phytoplankton: Implications for species succession. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 28:279–88. 10.3354/ame028279
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen PJ, Lundholm N, Rost B. 2007. Growth limitation in marine red-tide dinoflagellates: Effects of pH versus inorganic carbon availability. Marine Ecology Progress Series 334:63–71. 10.3354/meps334063
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann L, Peeken JI, Lochte K, Assmy P, Veldhuis M. 2006. Different reactions of Southern Ocean phytoplankton size classes to iron fertilization. Limnology and Oceanography 51:1217–29. 10.4319/lo.2006.51.3.1217
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakobsen HH. 2001. Escape response of plantonic protists to fluid mechanical signals. Marine Ecology Progress Series 214:67–78. 10.3354/meps214067
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakobsen HH. 2002. Escape of protists in predator-generated feeding currents. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 26:271–81. 10.3354/ame026271
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jauffrais T, Marcaillou C, Herrenknecht C, Truquet P, Séchet V, Nicolau E, et al. 2012. Azaspiracid accumulation, detoxification and biotransformation in blue mussels experimentally fed Azadinium spinosum (Dinophyceae). Toxicon 60:582–95. 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.04.351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jauffrais T, Séchet V, Herrenknecht C, Truquet P, Veronique S, Tillmann U, et al. 2013. Effect of environmental and nutritional factors on growth and azaspiracid production of the dinoflagellate Azadinium spinosum. Harmful Algae 27:138–48. 10.1016/j.hal.2013.05.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller MD, Selvin RC, Claus W, Guillard RRL. 1987. Media for the culture of oceanic ultraphytoplankton. Journal of Phycology 23:633–38. 10.1111/j.1529-8817.1987.tb04217.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim DI, Matsuyama Y, Nagasoe S, Yamaguchi M, Yoon YH, Oshima Y, et al. 2004. Effects of temperature, salinity and iradiance on the growth of the harmful red tide dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides Margalef (Dinophyceae). Journal of Plankton Research 26:61–66. 10.1093/plankt/fbh001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirk JTO, 1994. Light & Photosynthesis in Aquatic Ecosystems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 509 pages.
   Google Scholar
• Krock B, Tillmann U, John U, Cembella AD. 2009. Characterization of azaspiracids in plankton size-fractions and isolation of an azaspiracid-producing dinoflagellate from the North Sea. Harmful Algae 8:254–63. 10.1016/j.hal.2008.06.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krock B, Tillmann U, Voß D, Koch BP, Salas R, Witt M, et al. 2012. New azaspiracids in Amphidomataceae (Dinophyceae): Proposed structures. Toxicon 60:830–39. 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.05.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo Z, Gu H, Krock B, Tillmann U. 2013. Azadinium dalianense, a new dinoflagellate from the Yellow Sea, China. Phycologia 52:625–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magana HA, Villareal TA. 2006. The effect of environmental factors on the growth rate of Karenia brevis (Davis) G. Hansen and Moestrup. Hamful Algae 5:192–98. 10.1016/j.hal.2005.07.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margalef R. 1995. Fitoplancton del NW del Mediterráneo (Mar Catalán) en junio de 1993, y factores que condicionan su producción y distribución. Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona 60:1–56.
   Google Scholar
• Margalef R, Herrera J, Rodiguez-Roda J, Larrañeta M. 1954. Plancton recogido por los laboratorios costeros, VIII. Fitoplancton de las costas de Castellón durante el año 1952. Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología Aplicada 17:87–100.
   Google Scholar
• Netzel H, Dürr G. 1984. Dinoflagellate cell cortex. In: Spector DL, editor. Dinoflagellates. Orlando: Academic Press Inc., p 43–105.
   Google Scholar
• Nézan E, Tillmann U, Bilien G, Boulben S, Chèze K, Zentz F, et al. 2012. Taxonomic revision of the dinoflagellate Amphidoma caudata: transfer to the genus Azadinium (Dinophyceae) and proposal of two varieties, based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Journal of Phycology 48:925–39. 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01159.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ofuji K, Satake M, McMahon T, Silke J, James KJ, Naoki H, et al. 1999. Two analogs of azaspiracid isolated from mussels, Mytilus edulis, involved in human intoxication in Ireland. Natural Toxins 7:99–102. 10.1002/(SICI)1522-7189(199905/06)7:3%3C99::AID-NT46%3E3.0.CO;2-L
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pedersen MF, Hansen PJ. 2003. Effects of high pH on the growth and survival of six marine heterotrophic protists. Marine Ecology Progress Series 260:33–41. 10.3354/meps260033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Percopo I, Siano R, Rossi R, Soprano V, Sarno D, Zingone A. 2013. A new potentially toxic Azadinium species (Dinophyceae) from the Mediterranean Sea, A. dexteroporum sp. nov. Journal of Phycology 5:950–66.
   Google Scholar
• Pfiester LA, Anderson DM. 1987. Dinoflagellate reproduction. In: Taylor FJR, editor. The Biology of Dinoflagellates. New York: Academic Press, p 611–48.
   Google Scholar
• Potvin E, Hwang YJ, Yoo YD, Kim JS, Jeong HJ. 2013. Feeding by heterotrophic protists and copepods on the photosynthetic dinoflagellate Azadinium cf. poporum from Western Korean waters. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 68:143–58. 10.3354/ame01603
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rampi L. 1969. Su alcuni elementi fitoplanctonici (Peridinee, Silicococcales ed Heterococcales) rari o nuovi raccolti nelle acque del Mare Ligure. Natura (Milano) 60:49–56.
   Google Scholar
• Rost B, Richter KU, Riebesell U, Hansen PJ. 2006. Inorganic carbon acquisition in red tide dinoflagellates. Plant, Cell and Environment 29:810–22. 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01450.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salas R, Tillmann U, John U, Kilcoyne J, Burson A, Cantwell C, et al. 2011. The role of Azadinium spinosum (Dinophyceae) in the production of Azasdpiracid Shellfish Poisoning in mussels. Harmful Algae 10:774–83. 10.1016/j.hal.2011.06.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satake M, Ofuji K, James K, Furey A, Yasumoto T. 1998. New toxic events caused by Irish mussels. In: Reguera B, Blanco J, Fernandez ML, Wyatt T, editors. Harmful Algae. Santiago de Compostela: Xunta de Galicia and Interantional Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, p 468–69.
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt LE, Hansen PJ. 2001. Allelopathy in the prymnesiophyte Chrysochromulina polylepis: effect of cell concentration, growth phase and pH. Marine Ecology Progress Series 216:67–81. 10.3354/meps216067
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnepf E, Elbrächter M. 1999. Dinophyte chloroplasts and phylogeny – A review. Grana 38:81–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva ES. 1968. Plancton da lagoa de Óbidos (III). Abundância, variações sazonais e grandes ‘blooms’. Notas e Estudos di Instituto de Biologia Marítima 34:1–79.
   Google Scholar
• Smayda TJ. 1997. Harmful algal blooms: Their ecophysiology and general relevance to phytoplankton blooms in the sea. Limnology and Oceanography 42:1137–53. 10.4319/lo.1997.42.5_part_2.1137
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smayda TJ. 2002a. Turbulence, watermass stratification and harmful algal blooms: An alternative view and frontal zones as ‘pelagic seed banks’. Harmful Algae 1:95–112. 10.1016/S1568-9883(02)00010-0
   Google Scholar
• Smayda TJ. 2002b. Adaptive ecology, growth strategies and the global bloom expansion of dinoflagellates. Journal of Oceanography 58:281–94. 10.1023/A:1015861725470
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soederberg LM, Hansen PJ. 2007. Growth limitation due to high pH and low inorganic carbon concentrations in temperate species of the dinoflagellate genus Ceratium. Marine Ecology Progress Series 351:103–12. 10.3354/meps07146
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sohn MH, Seo KW, Choi YS, Lee SJ, Kang YS, Kang YS. 2011. Determination of the swimming trajectory and speed of chain-forming dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides with digital holographic particle tracking velocimetry. Marine Biology 158:561–70. 10.1007/s00227-010-1581-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taleb H, Vale P, Amanhir R, Benhadouch A, Sagou R, Chafik A. 2006. First detection of azaspirazids in mussels in north west Africa. Journal of Shellfish Research 25:1067–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor BB, Torrecilla E, Bernhardt A, Taylor MH, Peeken I, Röttgers R, et al. 2011. Bio-optical provinces in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and their biogeographical relevance. Biogeosciences 8:3609–29. 10.5194/bg-8-3609-2011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tillmann U. 2004. Interactions between planktonic microalgae and protozoan grazers. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 51:156–68. 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2004.tb00540.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tillmann U, Elbrächter M. 2010. Plate overlap pattern of Azadinium spinosum Elbrächter et Tillmann (Dinophyceae), the newly discovered primary source of azaspiracid toxins. In: Ho KC, Zhou MJ, Qi YZ, editors. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Harmful Algae. Hong Kong: Environmental Publication House, p 42–44.
   Google Scholar
• Tillmann U, Elbrächter M. 2013. Cell division in Azadinium spinosum. Botanica Marina 56:399–408.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tillmann U, Elbrächter M, Krock B, John U, Cembella A. 2009. Azadinium spinosum gen. et sp. nov. (Dinophyceae) identified as a primary producer of azaspiracid toxins. European Journal of Phycology 44:63–79. 10.1080/09670260802578534
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tillmann U, Elbrächter M, John U, Krock B, Cembella A. 2010. Azadinium obesum (Dinophyceae), a new nontoxic species in the genus that can produce azaspiracid toxins. Phycologia 49:169–82. 10.2216/PH09-35.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tillmann U, Elbrächter M, John U, Krock B. 2011. A new non-toxic species in the dinoflagellate genus Azadinium: A. poporum sp. nov. European Journal of Phycology 46:74–87. 10.1080/09670262.2011.556753
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tillmann U, Salas R, Gottschling M, Krock B, O′Driscoll D, Elbrächter M. 2012a. Amphidoma languida sp. nov. (Dinophyceae) reveals a close relationship between Amphidoma and Azadinium. Protist 163:701–19. 10.1016/j.protis.2011.10.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tillmann U, Soehner S, Nézan E, Krock B. 2012b. First record of the genus Azadinium (Dinophyceae) from the Shetland Islands, including the description of Azadinium polongum sp. nov. Harmful Algae 20:142–55. 10.1016/j.hal.2012.10.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomas RN. 1974. Cell division in Gonyaulax catenella, a marine catenate dinoflagellate. Journal of Protozoology 21:316–21. 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03661.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Totti C, Civitarese G, Acri F, Barletta D, Candelari G, Paschini E, et al. 2000. Seasonal variability of phytoplankton populations in the middle Adriatic sub-basin. Journal of Plankton Research 22:1735–56. 10.1093/plankt/22.9.1735
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ueoka R, Ito A, Izumikawa M, Maeda S, Takagi M, Shin-Ya K, et al. 2009. Isolation of azaspiracid-2 from a marine sponge Echinoclathria sp as a potent cytotoxin. Toxicon 53:680–84. 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.02.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilicić D, Leder N, Gržetić Z, Jasprica N. 1995. Microphytoplankton in the Strait of Otranto (eastern Mediterranean). Marine Biology 123:619–30. 10.1007/BF00349240
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao J, Tan Z, Zhou D, Guo M, Xing L, Yang S. 2010. Determination of azaspiracid-1 in shellfishes by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Chinese Journal of Chromatography 28:363–67. 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2010.00363
   Google Scholar
• Zapata M, Frage S, Rodriguez F, Garrido JL. 2012. Pigment-based chloroplast types in dinoflagellates. Marine Ecology Progress Series 465:33–52. 10.3354/meps09879
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu M, Tillmann U. 2012. Nutrient starvation effects on the allelochenical potency of Alexandrium tamarense (Dinophyceae). Marine Biology 159:1449–59. 10.1007/s00227-012-1924-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar