Usefulness of marine protected areas as tools for preserving the highly endangered limpet, Patella ferruginea, in the Mediterranean Sea

References

• APAL. 2003. Etude des Plans de Gestion des Sites MEDWETCOAST – Site de Zembra. Tunis: URAM Press. 70 pages.
   Google Scholar
• Bazairi H, Salvati E, Benhissoune S, Tunesi L, Rais C, Agnesi S, et al. 2004. Considerations on a population of the endangered marine mollusc Patella ferruginea Gmelin, 1791 (Gastropoda, Patellidae) in the Cala Iris islet (National Park of Al Hoceima-Morocco, Alboran Sea). Bolletino Malacologico 40:95–100.
   Google Scholar
• Bazairi H, Benhissoune S, Ben Haj S, Benhoussa A, Ouerghi A, Idrissi HR, et al. 2012. New and updated quantitative data on the Mediterranean endangered limpet Patella ferruginea Gmelin, 1791 along the Moroccan coast. XVII Iberian Symposium on Marine Biology Studies. Revista de Investigación Marina 19(6):609.
   Google Scholar
• Biagi V, Poli D. 1986. Considerazione su una popolazione di Patella ferruginea Gmelin, 1791 per le acque del Promontorio di Piombino. Bollettino Malacologico 22:171–74.
   Google Scholar
• Boudouresque CF, Laborel-Deguen F. 1986. Patella ferruginea. In: Boudouresque CF, Harmelin JG, Jeudy de Grissac A, editors. Le Benthos Marin de l'Île de Zembra (Parc National, Tunisie). Marseille: GIS Posidonie Publishers, p 105–10.
   Google Scholar
• Bowman RS, Lewis JR. 1977. Annual fluctuations in the recruitment of Patella vulgata L. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 57(3):793–815. doi:10.1017/S0025315400025169
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Branch GM, Barkai A. 1988. Interspecific behaviour and its reciprocal interaction with evolution, population dynamics and community structure. In: Chelazzi G, Vannini M, editors. Behavioural Adaptations to Intertidal Life. NATO ASI Series, Volume 151. New York: Plenum Press, p 225–54.
   Google Scholar
• Branch GM, Odendaal F. 2003. The effects of marine protected areas on the population dynamics of a South African limpet, Cymbula oculus, relative to the influence of wave action. Biological Conservation 114:255–69. doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00045-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannicci S, Gomei M, Boddi B, Vannini M. 2002. Feeding habits and natural diet of the intertidal crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus: opportunistic browser or selective feeder? Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 54:983–1001. doi:10.1006/ecss.2001.0869
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr MH. 2000. Marine protected areas: challenges and opportunities for understanding and conserving coastal marine ecosystems. Environmental Conservation 27:106–09. doi:10.1017/S0376892900000151
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casu M, Casu D, Lai T, Cossu P, Curini-Galletti M. 2006. Inter-simple sequence repeat markers reveal strong genetic differentiation among populations of the endangered mollusc Patella ferruginea (Gastropoda: Patellidae) from two Sardinian marine protected areas. Marine Biology 149:1163–74. doi:10.1007/s00227-006-0255-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casu M, Rivera-Ingraham GA, Cossu P, Lai T, Sanna D, Dedola GL, et al. 2011. Patterns of spatial genetic structuring in the endangered limpet Patella ferruginea: implications for the conservation of a Mediterranean endemic. Genetica 139:1293–308. doi:10.1007/s10709-012-9631-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claudet J. 2011. Marine Protected Areas: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 392 pages.
   Google Scholar
• Coppa S. 2012. On the Ecology and Conservation of Marine Endangered Species, Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758) and Patella ferruginea (Gmelin, 1791), in the Marine Protected Area of Penisola del Sinis – Isola di Mal di Ventre (Western Sardinia, Italy). Doctoral Thesis. Università degli studi della Tuscia di Viterbo, Italy. 155 pages.
   Google Scholar
• Coppa S, Andrea de Lucia G, Massaro G, Camedda A, Marra S, Magni P, et al. 2015. Is the establishment of MPAs enough to preserve endangered intertidal species? The case of Patella ferruginea in Mal di Ventre Island (W Sardinia, Italy). Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Fresh Water Ecosystems 26(4):623–38. doi: 10.1002/aqc.2579
   Google Scholar
• Dedola GL. 2011. Analysis of the Genetic Variability of Patella ferruginea, Patella ulyssiponensis (Mollusca: Gastropoda) and Pinna nobilis (Mollusca: Bivalvia): Contribution of Molecular Data in Threatened Species Conservation Studies. Doctoral Thesis. University of Sassari, Italy. 185 pages.
   Google Scholar
• Defos du Rau P, Bourgeois K, Thévenet M, Ruffino L, Dromzée S, Ouni R, et al. 2015. Reassessment of the size of the Scopoli’s shearwater population at its main breeding site resulted in a tenfold increase: implications for the species conservation. Journal of Ornithology 156(4):877–92. doi:10.1007/s10336-015-1187-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espinosa F. 2006. Caracterización Biológica del Molusco Protegido Patella ferruginea Gmelin, 1791 (Gastropoda: Patellidae): Bases Para su Gestión y Conservación. Doctoral Thesis. University of Seville, Spain. 329 pages.
   Google Scholar
• Espinosa F. 2009. Population status of the endangered mollusc Patella ferruginea Gmelin, 1791 (Gastropoda: Patellidae) in Algerian islands (SW Mediterranean). Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 32:19–28.
   Google Scholar
• Espinosa F, Bazairi H. 2009. Etude biologique des populations de Patella ferruginea de l’archipel de Zembra. Rapport final. France: Conservatoire du Littoral et des Rivages Lacustres. 34 pages.
   Google Scholar
• Espinosa F, Ozawa T. 2006. Population genetics of the endangered limpet Patella ferruginea (Gastropoda: Patellidae): taxonomic, conservation and evolutionary considerations. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 44:8–16. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2005.00348.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espinosa F, Fa D, Ocaña TMJ. 2005. Estado de la especie amenazada Patella ferruginea Gmelin, 1791 (Gastropoda: Patellidae) en la bahía de Algeciras y Gibraltar. Iberus 23(2):39–46.
   Google Scholar
• Espinosa F, Guerra-García JM, Fa D, García-Gómez JC. 2006a. Aspects of reproduction and their implications for the conservation of the endangered limpet, Patella ferruginea. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 49:85–92. doi:10.1080/07924259.2006.9652197
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espinosa F, Guerra-García JM, Fa D, García-Gómez JC. 2006b. Effects of competition on an endangered limpet Patella ferruginea (Gastropoda: Patellidae): implications for conservation. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 330:482–92. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2005.09.020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espinosa F, Guerra-García JM, García-Gómez JC. 2007a. Sewage pollution and extinction risk: an endangered limpet as a bioindicator? Biodiversity and Conservation 16:377–97. doi:10.1007/s10531-005-3014-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espinosa F, González AR, Maestre MJ, Fa D, Guerra-García JM, García-Gómez JC. 2007b. Preliminary observations on activity rhythms and foraging behavior in the endangered limpet Patella ferruginea: influence of environmental factors. Acta Zoologica Sinica 53(1):179–83.
   Google Scholar
• Espinosa F, Gonzáles AR, Maestre MJ, Fa D, Guerra-García JM, García-Gómez JC. 2008a. Responses of the endangered limpet Patella ferruginea to reintroduction under different environmental conditions: survival, growth rates and life-history. Italian Journal of Zoology 75:371–84. doi:10.1080/11250000801887740
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espinosa F, Rivera-Ingraham GA, García-Gómez JC. 2008b. Seasonal activity and foraging behaviour of the endangered limpet Patella ferruginea. Ethology Ecology and Evolution 20:173–81. doi:10.1080/08927014.2008.9522537
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espinosa F, Rivera-Ingraham G, García-Gómez JC. 2009a. Gonochorism or protandrous hermaphroditism? Evidence of sex change in the endangered limpet Patella ferruginea. Marine Biodiversity Records 2:e153. 3 pages. doi:10.1017/S1755267209990790
   Google Scholar
• Espinosa F, Maestre M, García-Gómez JC. 2009b. New record of distribution for the highly endangered limpet Patella ferruginea on the Spanish coasts. Marine Biodiversity Records 2:e105. 3 pages. doi:10.1017/S1755267209001225
   Google Scholar
• Espinosa F, Rivera-Ingraham GA, García-Gómez JC. 2010. Early stages of development in the endangered limpet Patella ferruginea Gmelin (Gastropoda: Patellidae). The Nautilus 124(1):51–53.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espinosa F, Rivera-Ingraham GA, Maestre M, Gonzalez AR, Bazairi H, García-Gómez JC. 2013. Updated global distribution of the threatened marine limpet Patella ferruginea (Gastropoda: Patellidae): an example of biodiversity loss in the Mediterranean. Oryx 48:266–75. doi:10.1017/S0030605312000580
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espinosa F, Navarro-Barranco C, González AR, Maestre M, García-Gómez JC, Benhoussa A, et al. 2014. A combined approach to assessing the conservation status of Cap des Trois Fourches as a potential MPA: is there a shortage of MPAs in the southern Mediterranean? Mediterranean Marine Science 15(3):654–66. doi:10.12681/mms.775
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Firth LB, Williams GA. 2009. The influence of multiple environmental stressors on the limpet Cellana toreuma during the summer monsoon season in Hong Kong. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 375(1):70–75. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2009.05.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frenkiel L. 1975. Contribution à l’étude des cycles de reproduction des Patellidae en Algérie. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli 39:153–89.
   Google Scholar
• Gabrié C, Lagabrielle E, Bissery C, Crochelet E, Meola B, Webster C, et al. 2012. Statut des Aires Marines Protégées en mer Méditerranée. MedPAN, RAC/SPA, editors. MedPAN Collection. 260 pages.
   Google Scholar
• García-Gómez JC, López-Fé CM, Espinosa F, Guerra-Garcia JM, Rivera-Ingraham GA. 2011. Marine artificial micro-reserves: a possibility for the conservation of endangered species living on artificial substrata. Marine Ecology 32:6–14. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0485.2010.00409.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giacoma C, Papale E, Azzolin M. 2013. Are land based surveys a useful tool for managing marine species of coastal protected areas? Diversity 5:15–25. doi:10.3390/d5010015
   Google Scholar
• Golubić S, Schneider J. 2003. Microbial endoliths as internal biofilms. In: Krumbein WE, Dornieden T, Volkmann M, editors. Fossil and Recent Biofilms. Amsterdam: Kluwer Academic Publishers, p 249–63.
   Google Scholar
• Guallart J, Templado J, Calvo M, Cabezas P, Acevedo I, Machordom A, et al. 2006. Inventario y Seguimiento de Patella ferruginea en España así como la Elaboración de una Propuesta de Estrategia de Conservación de la Especie. Informe Final. Madrid: Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. 52 pages.
   Google Scholar
• Guallart J, Acevedo I, Calvo M. 2012. Estimas de edad y crecimiento de la lapa amenazada Patella ferruginea (Mollusca, Patellidae) en las islas Chafarinas (Mediterráneo occidental). XVII Iberian Symposium on Marine Biology Studies. Revista de Investigación Marina 19(6):181.
   Google Scholar
• Guallart J, Calvo M, Acevedo I, Templado J. 2013a. Two-way sex change in the endangered limpet Patella ferruginea (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 57(3):247–53. doi:10.1080/07924259.2012.754794
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guallart J, Peña JJ, Pérez-Larruscain J. 2013b. Primeras imágenes de una forma juvenil de la lapa ferruginosa. Quercus 325:52–53.
   Google Scholar
• Guallart J, Luque AA, Acevedo I, Calvo M. 2013c. Distribución y censo actualizado de la lapa ferrugínea (Patella ferruginea Gmelin,1791) en el litoral de Melilla (Mediterraneo suroccidental). Iberus 31:21–51.
   Google Scholar
• Guerra-García JM, Corzo J, Espinosa F, García-Gómez JC. 2004. Assessing habitat use of the endangered marine mollusc Patella ferruginea (Gastropoda, Patellidae) in northern Africa: preliminary results and implications for conservation. Biological Conservation 116:319–26. doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00201-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins SJ, Firth LB, McHugh M, Poloczanska ES, Herbert RJH, Burrows MT, et al. 2013a. Data rescue and re-use: recycling old information to address new policy concerns. Marine Policy 42:91–98. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2013.02.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins SJ, Vale M, Firth LB, Burrows MT, Mieszkowska N, Frost M. 2013b. Sustained observation of marine biodiversity and ecosystems. Journal of Oceanography and Marine Research 1:e101. 4 pages. doi:10.4172/2332-2632.1000e101.
   Google Scholar
• Jefford J. 2015. Effects of storm-induced sand scour on Patella vulgata off south-west Britain. The Plymouth Student Scientist 8(2):115–32.
   Google Scholar
• Juanes F. 2001. Mediterranean marine protected areas. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 16:169–70. doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02111-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kallouche M, Bouras D, Bazairi H. 2014. Faunal composition, distribution and richness of the Oran’s intertidal coastal zone (Mediterranean Sea, Algeria). Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 5(4):122–32.
   Google Scholar
• Kido JS, Murray SN. 2003. Variation in owl limpet Lottia gigantea population structures, growth rates, and gonadal production on southern California rocky shores. Marine Ecology Progress Series 257:111–24. doi: 10.3354/meps257111
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laborel-Deguen F, Laborel J. 1991a. Statut de Patella ferruginea Gmelin en Méditerranée. In: Boudouresque CF, Avon M, Gravez V, editors. Les Espèces Marines à Protéger en Méditerranée. Marseille: GIS Posidonie Publishers, p 91–103.
   Google Scholar
• Laborel-Deguen F, Laborel J. 1991b. Nouvelles observations sur la population de Patella ferruginea Gmelin de Corse. In: Boudouresque CF, Avon M, Gravez V, editors. Les Espèces Marines à Protéger en Méditerranée. Marseille: GIS Posidonie Publishers, p 119–28.
   Google Scholar
• Lasiak T. 2006. Spatial variation in density and biomass of patellid limpets inside and outside a Marine Protected Area. Journal of Molluscan Studies 72(2):137–42. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyi058
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis JR, Bowman RS. 1975. Local habitat-induced variations in the population dynamics of Patella vulgata L. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 17:165–203. doi:10.1016/0022-0981(75)90029-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Limam A, Rais C, Ramos-Espla A. 2004. Project Régional pour le Développement d’Aires Protégées Marines et Côtières dans la Région Méditerranéenne (Project MedMPA). Activité MP3: Élaboration du Plan de Gestion de la Partie Marine du Parc National de Zembra et Zembretta. Rapport Global des Travaux de Prospection Marine. Alicante, Spain: CAR/ASP. 71 pages.
   Google Scholar
• Martin J, Kitchens WM, Hines JE. 2007. Importance of well-designed monitoring programs for the conservation of endangered species: case study of the snail kite. Conservation Biology 21:472–81. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00613.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menge BA, Freidenburg TL. 2011. Keystone species. In: Levin SA, editor. Encyclopedia of Biodiversity. Volume 4. New York: Academic Press, p 613–31.
   Google Scholar
• Micheli F, Halpern BS, Botsford LW, Warner RR. 2004. Trajectories and correlates of community change in no-take marine reserves. Ecological Applications 14:1709–23. doi:10.1890/03-5260
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mieszkowska N, Sugden H, Firth LB, Hawkins SJ. 2014. The role of sustained observations in tracking impacts of environmental change on marine biodiversity and ecosystems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 372(2025):20130339. 13 pages. doi:10.1098/rsta.2013.0339
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millot C, Taupier-Letage I. 2005. Circulation in the Mediterranean Sea. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 5:29–66.
   Google Scholar
• Moore P, Thompson RC, Hawkins SJ. 2007. Effects of grazer identity on the probability of escapes by a canopy-forming macroalga. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 344:170–80. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2006.12.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orozco A, Guallart J, Templado J. 2013. Population status of the endangered limpet Patella ferruginea (Mollusca: Patellidae) in the Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera (south-west Mediterranean Sea). Marine Biodiversity Records 6:121–27. doi:10.1017/S1755267213001024
   Google Scholar
• Paracuellos M, Nevado JC, Moreno D, Giménez A, Alesina JJ. 2003. Conservational status and demographic characteristics of Patella ferruginea Gmelin (Mollusca: Gastropoda) on the Alboran Island (Western Mediterranean). Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 26(2):29–37.
   Google Scholar
• Ramos MA. 1998. Implementing the Habitats Directive for mollusc species in Spain. Journal of Conchology, Special Publications 2:125–32.
   Google Scholar
• Rivera-Ingraham GA, Espinosa F, García-Gómez JC. 2011a. Population dynamics and viability analysis for the critically endangered ferruginean limpet. Journal of Shellfish Research 30:889–99. doi:10.2983/035.030.0330
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivera-Ingraham GA, Espinosa F, García-Gómez JC. 2011b. Conservation status and updated census of Patella ferruginea (Gastropoda, Patellidae) in Ceuta: distribution patterns and new evidence of the effects of environmental parameters on population structure. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 34:83–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivera-Ingraham GA, Espinosa F, García-Gómez JC. 2011c. Effect of γ-amino butyric acid on limpet populations: towards the future management and conservation of endangered patellid species. Journal of Chemical Ecology 37:1–9. doi:10.1007/s10886-010-9884-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivera-Ingraham GA, Espinosa F, García-Gómez JC. 2011d. Environmentally mediated sex change in the endangered limpet Patella ferruginea (Gastropoda: Patellidae). Journal of Molluscan Studies 77:226–31. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyr007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivera-Ingraham GA, Espinosa F, García-Gómez JC. 2014. Long-term monitoring of the critically endangered limpet Patella ferruginea Gmelin, 1791: new ecological insights and first demographic results. Journal of Molluscan Studies 81(1):124–30. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyu061
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santini G, Thompson RC, Tendi C, Hawkins SJ, Hartnoll RG, Chelazzi G. 2004. Intra-specific variability in the temporal organization of foraging activity in the limpet Patella vulgata. Marine Biology 144:1165–72. doi:10.1007/s00227-003-1283-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva AC, Hawkins SJ, Clarke KR, Boaventura DM, Thompson RC. 2010. Preferential feeding by the crab Necora puber on differing sizes of the intertidal limpet Patella vulgata. Marine Ecology Progress Series 416:179–88. doi:10.3354/meps08777
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Templado J. 2001. Patella ferruginea Gmelin, 1791. In: Ramos MA, Bragado D, Fernández J, editors. Los Invertebrados y Insectos de la ‘Directiva Hábitat’ en España. Madrid: Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza, Serie Técnica Press, p 41–50.
   Google Scholar
• Templado J, Calvo M, Moreno D, Flores A, Conde F, Abad R, et al. 2006. Flora y fauna de la Reserva Marina de Pesca de la Isla de Alborán. Madrid: Secretaría General de Pesca Martítima, MAPA Press. 269 pages.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson RC, Norton TA, Hawkins SJ. 2004. Physical stress and biological control regulate the producer-consumer balance in intertidal biofilms. Ecology 85(5):1372–82. doi:10.1890/03-0279
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tlig-Zouari S, Rabaoui L, Fguiri H, Diawara M, Ben Hassine OK. 2010. Spatial diversity of rocky midlittoral macro-invertebrates associated with the endangered species Patella ferruginea (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Tunisian coastline. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 87:275–83. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2009.12.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams GA, Morritt D. 1995. Habitat partitioning and thermal tolerance in a tropical limpet, Cellana grata. Marine Ecology Progress Series 124:89–103. doi:10.3354/meps124089
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright WG, Lindberg DR. 1979. A non-fatal method of sex determination for patellacean gastropods. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 59:803. doi:10.1017/S0025315400045793
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar