Biological aspects of the velvet belly lantern shark, Etmopterus spinax (Linnaeus, 1758) off the Azores, North East Atlantic

References

• Bello , G . 1997 . Cephalopods from the stomach contents of demersal chondrichthyans caught in the Adriatic Sea. Vie et Milieu . Serie A Biolgie Marine , 47 : 221 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Belluscio , A , Scacco , U , Colloca , F , Carpentiere , P and Ardizzone , GD . 2000 . Feeding strategies of two species of demersal chondrichthyans, Galeus melastomus (Rafinesque, 1810) and Etmopetrus spinax (Linnaeus, 1758), in the central Tyrrhenian Sea . Biologia Marina Mediterranea , 7 ( 1 ) : 417 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Bergstad , OA , Wik , AD and Hildre , O . 2003 . Predator–prey relationships and food sources of the Skagerrak deep-water fish assemblage . Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science , 31 : 165 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Capapé , C , Tomasini , JA and Quignard , JP . 2000 . Les elasmobraches pleurotrêmes de la Côte du Languedoc (France Méridionale): Observations biologiques et démographiques . Vie et Milieu , 50 ( 2 ) : 123 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Carbonell , A , Alemany , F , Merella , P , Quetglas , A and Román , E . 2003 . The by-catch of sharks in the western Mediterranean (Balearic Islands) trawl fishery . Fisheries Research , 61 : 7 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cecchi , E , Mancusi , C , Pajetta , R and Serena , F . 2004 . Contributo alla conoscenza della biologia di Etmopterus spinax (Linnaeus, 1758) (Chondrichthyes, Etmopteridae) . Biologia Marina Mediterranea , 11 ( 2 ) : 564 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , MR , Anderson , OF , Chris Francis , RIC and Tracey , DM . 2000 . The effects of commercial exploitation on orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) from the continental slope of the Chatham Rise, New Zealand, from 1979 to 1997 . Fisheries Research , 45 : 217 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke , MW , Connolly , PL and Bracken , JJ . 2001 . Aspects of reproduction of the deep water sharks Centroscymnus coelolepis and Centrophorus squamosus from west of Ireland and Scotland . Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , 81 : 1010 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Clarke , MW , Connolly , PL and Bracken , JJ . 2002 . Catch, discarding, age estimation and maturity of the squalid shark Deania calceus west and north of Ireland . Fisheries Research , 56 : 139 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coelho R. 2007 . Biology, population dynamics, management and conservation of deep water lantern shark, Etmopterus spinax and Etmopterus pusillus (Chondrichthyes: Etmopteridae) in southern Portugal (northeast Atlantic) . PhD thesis. University of Algarve. Faro . 264 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Coelho , R , Bentes , L , Gonçalves , JMS , Lino , PG , Ribeiro , J and Erzini , K . 2003 . Reduction of elasmobranch by-catch in the hake semi-pelagic near bottom longline fishery in the Algarve (Southern Portugal) . Fishery Science , 69 : 293 – 9 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coelho , R and Erzini , K . 2005 . Length at first maturity of two species of lantern sharks (Etmopterus spinax and Etmopterus pusillus) off southern Portugal . Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , 85 : 1163 – 5 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colloca , F , Cardinale , M , Belluscio , A and Ardizzione , G . 2003 . Pattern of distribution and diversity of demersal assemblages in the central Mediterranean sea . Estuarine Coast and Shelf Science , 56 : 469 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Compagno LJV. 1984 . Sharks of the world . An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fisheries Synopsis no. 125 , vol. 4 , part 1 , 249 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Compagno , L , Dando , M and Fowler , S . 2005 . Sharks of the World. Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cortés , E . 2000 . Life history patterns and correlations in sharks . Reviews in Fisheries Science , 8 : 299 – 344 .
   Google Scholar
• Daan , N , Heessen , H and Hofstede , R . 2005 . North Sea Elasmobranchs: Distribution, abundance and biodiversity . ICES CM , 2005/N : 06
   Google Scholar
• Ellis , JR , Cruz-Martínez , A , Rackham , BD and Rogers , SI . 2004 . The distribution of Chondrichthyan fishes around the British Isles and implications for conservation . Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science , 35 : 195 – 231 .
   Google Scholar
• Erzini , K , Gonçalves , JMS , Bentes , L , Lino , PG and Ribeiro , J . 2001 . The hake deep-water semi-pelagic (‘pedra-bola’) longline fishery in the Algarve (southern Portugal) . Fisheries Research , 51 : 327 – 36 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girard , M and Du-Buit , MH . 1999 . Reproductive biology of two deep-water sharks from the British Isles, Centroscymnus coelolepis and Centrophorus squamosus (Chondrichthyes: Squalidae) . Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , 79 : 923 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hareide , N and Garnes , G . 2001 . The distribution and catch rates of deep water fish along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge from 43 to 61°N . Fisheries Research , 51 : 297 – 310 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes , DB , Brodziak , JKT and O'Gorman , JB . 1995 . Efficiency and bias of estimators and sampling designs for determining length–weight relationships of fish . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 52 : 84 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ICES . 2005 . Report of the Study Group of Elasmobranches Fishes (WGEF) . ICES CM 2005/ACFM: 03 , 224 p.
   Google Scholar
• Jakobsdóttir , KB . 2001 . Biological aspects of two deep-water squalid sharks: Centroscyllium fabricii (Reinhardt, 1825) and Etmopterus princeps (Collett, 1904) in Icelandic waters . Fisheries Research , 51 : 247 – 65 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , BC and Geen , GH . 1977 . Reproduction and embryonic development of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia . Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada , 34 : 1286 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , EG , Tselepides , A , Bagley , PM , Collins , MA and Priede , IG . 2003 . Bathymetric distribution of some benthic and benthopelagic species attracted to baited cameras and traps in the deep eastern Mediterranean . Marine Ecology Progress Series , 251 : 75 – 86 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohler , NE , Casey , JG and Turner , PA . 1995 . Length–weight relationships for 13 species of sharks from the western North Atlantic . Fishery Bulletin , 93 : 412 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macpherson , E and Duarte , CM . 1991 . Bathymetric trends in demersal fish size: Is there a general relationship? . Marine Ecology Progress Series , 71 : 103 – 12 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massutí , E and Moranta , J . 2003 . Demersal assemblages and depth distribution of elasmobranches from the continental shelf and slope off the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean) . ICES Journal of Marine Science , 60 : 753 – 66 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menezes , GM , Sigler , MF , Silva , HM and Pinho , MR . 2006 . Structure and zonation of demersal fish assemblages off the Azores Archipelago (mid-Atlantic) . Marine Ecology Progress Series , 324 : 241 – 60 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monteiro , P , Araújo , A , Erzini , K and Castro , M . 2001 . Discards of the Algarve (southern Portugal) crustacean trawl fishery . Hydrobiologia , 449 : 267 – 77 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morales-Nin , B , Maynou , F , Sardà , F , Cartes , J , Moranta , J Massutí , E . 2003 . Size influence in zonation patterns in fishes and crustaceans from deep-water communities of the Western Mediterranean . Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science , 31 : 413 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Moranta , J , Massutí , E and Morales-Nin , B . 2000 . Fish catch composition of the deep-sea dacapod crustacean fisheries in the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean) . Fisheries Research , 45 : 253 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moranta , J , Stefanescu , C , Massutí , E , Morales-Nin , B and Lloris , D . 1998 . Fish community structure and depth-related trends on the continental slope of Balearic Islands (Algerian basin, western Mediterranean) . Marine Ecology Progress Series , 171 : 247 – 59 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neiva , J , Coelho , R and Erzini , K . 2006 . Feeding habits of the velvet belly lanternshark Etmopterus spinax (Chondrinchthyes, Etmopteridae) off the Algarve, southern Portugal . Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , 86 : 835 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinho MR 2003 . Abundance estimation and management of Azorean demersal species . PhD thesis. Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, Horta . 163 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Priede , IG , Froese , R , Bailey , DM , Bergstad , OA , Collins , MA Dyb , JE . 2006 . The absence of sharks from abyssal regions of the world's oceans . Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , 273 : 1435 – 41 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiner F. 1996 . Catálogo dos peixes do Arquipélago de Cabo Verde . Publicações avulsas do IPIMAR No. 2 . 339 p.
   Google Scholar
• Rosa , A , Menezes , G , Melo , O and Pinho , MR . 2006 . Weight–length relationships of 33 demersal fish species from Azores archipelago . Fisheries Research , 80 : 329 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosa A Pinho MR Menezes G Melo O 2005 . Deep-water elasmobranches of the Azores: A vertical distribution . ICES CM 2005/N: 31 – Poster .
   Google Scholar
• Santos , J and Borges , T . 2001 . Trophic relationships in deep-water fish communities off Algarve, Portugal . Fisheries Research , 51 : 337 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos RS Porteiro FM Barreiros JP 1997 . Marine fishes of the Azores: Annotated checklist and bibliography . Bulletin of the University of Azores . Supplement 1 . 244 p.
   Google Scholar
• Serena F Cecchi E Mancusi C Pajetta R 2003 . Contribution to the knowledge of the biology of Etmopterus spinax (Linnaeus 1758) (Chondrinchthyes, Etmopteridae) . In FAO Fisheries Proceedings: Deep-sea 2003: Conference on the Governance and Management of Deep-Sea Fisheries. Part 2: Conference poster and workshop papers. Shotton, R. (Ed.). Queenstown, New Zealand, 1–5 December 2003 .
   Google Scholar
• Sion L , D'Onghia G , Carlucci R . 2002 . A simple technique for ageing the velvet belly, Etmopterus spinax (Squalidae) . In Proceedings of the Fourth European Elasmobranch Association Meeting, Livorno (Italy) , 27–30 Setember 2000, pp. 135–139. M. Vacchi, G. La Mesa, F. Serena, and B. Séret. ICRAM, ARPAT & SFI .
   Google Scholar
• Sion L D'Onghia G Tursi A Mytilineou Ch 2003 . First data on distribution and biology of Squalus blainville (Risso, 1826) from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea . Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science 31 : 213 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Sion , L , Bozzano , A , D'Onghia , G , Capezzuto , F and Panza , M . 2004 . Chondrichthyes species in deep waters of the Mediterranean Sea . Scientia Marina , 68 : 153 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokal , RR and Rohlf , FJ . 1981 . Biometry – The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research , 2nd ed , San Francisco, CA : W.H. Freeman .
   Google Scholar
• Stefanescu , C , Rucabado , J and Lloris , D . 1992 . Depth–size trends in western Mediterranean demersal deep-sea fishes . Marine Ecology Progress Series , 81 : 205 – 13 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stehmann , M . 1987 . Quick and dirty tabulation of stomach contents and maturity stages for skates (Rajidae), squaloid and other ovoviviparous and vivipapours species of sharks . American Elasmobranch Society Newsletter , 3 : 5 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Tanaka , S , Shiobara , Y , Hioki , S , Abe , H , Nishi , G Yano , K . 1990 . The reproductive biology of the frilled shark, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, from Suruga Bay, Japan . Japanese Journal of Ichthyology , 37 : 273 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uiblein , F , Bordes , F and Castillo , R . 1996 . Diversity, abundance, and depth distribution of demersal deep-water fishes off Lanzarote and Fuerteventura, Canary Islands . Journal of Fish Biology , 49 ( Suppl. A ) : 75 – 90 .
   Google Scholar
• Vacchi , M and Relini Orsi , L . 1979 . Aspetti riproduttivi in Etmopterus spinax L. (Chondrichthyes, Squalidae) . Quaderni della Civica Stazione Idrobiological , 7 : 64 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Veríssimo , A , Gordo , L and Figueiredo , I . 2003 . Reproductive biology and embryonic development of Centroscymnus coelolepis in Portuguese mainland waters . ICES Journal of Marine Science , 60 : 1335 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wetherbee , BM . 1996 . Distribution and reproduction of the southern lantern shark from New Zealand . Journal of Fish Biology , 49 : 1186 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wirtz , P and Morato , T . 2001 . Unequal sex raios in longline catches . Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , 81 : 187 – 8 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yano , K . 1995 . Reproductive biology of the Black Dogfish, Centroscyllium fabricii, collected from waters off Western Greeland . Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , 75 : 285 – 310 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yano , K . 1991 . Catch distribution, stomach contents and size at maturity of two squaloid sharks, Deania calceus and D. crepidalbus, from southeast Atlantic of Namibia . Bulletin of the Japanese Society Fisheries and Oceanography , 55 : 189 – 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Yano , K and Tanaka , S . 1983 . Portuguese shark, Centroscymnus coelolepis from Japan, with notes on C. owstoni . Japanese Journal of Ichthyology , 30 : 208 – 16 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yano , K and Tanaka , S . 1988 . Size at maturity, reproduction cycle, fecundity, and depth segregation of deep sea squaloid sharks Centrophorus owstoni and Centroscymnus coelolepis in Suruga Bay, Japan . Nippon Suisan Gakkashi , 54 : 167 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zar JH 1996 . Biostatistical Analysis (3rd ed) . Upper Saddle River, , NJ : Prentice Hall . 920 pp.
   Google Scholar