Building lifespan: effect on the environmental impact of building components in a Danish perspective

References

• Aagaard, N.-J., Brandt, E., Aggerholm, S., & Haugbølle, K. (2013). SBi 2013:30 – Levetider af bygningsdele ved vurdering af bæredygtighed og totaløkonomi. [ Lifespan of building components for assessing sustainability and life-cycle costs]. Copenhagen: Danish Building Research Institute, Aalborg University.
   Google Scholar
• Adalberth, K. (1997). Energy use during the life cycle of single-unit dwellings: Examples. Building and Environment, 32, 321–329. doi:10.1016/S0360-1323(96)00069-8
   Google Scholar
• Aktas, C. B., & Bilec, M. M. (2012). Impact of lifetime on US residential building LCA results. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 17, 337–349. doi:10.1007/s11367-011-0363-x
   Google Scholar
• Al-Ghamdi, S., & Bilec, M. (2015). Life-cycle thinking and the LEED rating system: Global perspective on building energy use and environmental impacts. Environmental Science & Technology, 49, 4048–4056. doi:10.1021/es505938u
   Google Scholar
• Asadi, S., Amiri, S., & Mottahedi, M. (2014). On the development of multi-linear regression analysis to assess energy consumption in the early stages of building design. Energy and Buildings, 85, 246–255. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.07.096
   Google Scholar
• Baumann, Z. (2000). Liquid modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Berggren, B., Hall, M., & Wall, M. (2013). LCE analysis of buildings – Taking the step towards net zero energy buildings. Energy and Buildings, 62, 381–391. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.02.063
   Google Scholar
• Birgisdottir, H., Mortensen, L., Hansen, K., & Aggerholm, S. (2013). SBi 2013:09 – Kortlægning af bæredygtigt byggeri. [ Review of sustainable construction]. Copenhagen: Danish Building Research Institute, Aalborg University.
   Google Scholar
• Blengini, G. A., & Di Carlo, T. (2010). The changing role of life cycle phases, subsystems and materials in the LCA of low energy buildings. Energy and Buildings, 42, 869–880. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.12.009
   Google Scholar
• Brown, N., Malmqvist, T., Peuportier, B., Zabalza, I., Krigsvoll, G., Wetzel, C., … Stoykova, E. (2011). Low resource consumption buildings and constructions by use of LCA in design and decision making: Report on scenarios in constructions, LoRe-LCA-WP4-D42. Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, N., Olsson, S., & Malmqvist, T. (2014). Embodied greenhouse gas emissions from refurbishment of residential building stock to achieve a 50% operational energy reduction. Building and Environment, 79, 46–56. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.04.018
   Google Scholar
• Bullen, P. A. (2007). Adaptive reuse and sustainability of commercial buildings. Facilities, 25, 20–31. doi:10.1108/02632770710716911
   Google Scholar
• Buyle, M., Braet, J., & Audenaert, A. (2013). Life cycle assessment in the construction sector: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 26, 379–388. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.05.001
   Google Scholar
• Cabeza, L. F., Rincón, L., Vilariño, V., Pérez, G., & Castell, A. (2014). Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle energy analysis (LCEA) of buildings and the building sector: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 26, 379–388. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.037
   Google Scholar
• Chau, C. K., Leung, T. M., & Ng, W. Y. (2015). A review on life cycle assessment, life cycle energy assessment and life cycle carbon emissions assessment on buildings. Applied Energy, 143, 395–413. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.023
   Google Scholar
• Danish Architectural Press. (2012). Arkitektur DK. [ Architecture Denmark]. Copenhagen.
   Google Scholar
• DGNB. (2013). Excellence defined: Sustainable building with a systems approach. Stuttgart.
   Google Scholar
• DK-GBC. (2012). DGNB system Denmark 2012 new office and administrative buildings – Environmental quality. Copenhagen: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., & Sathre, R. (2011). Building energy-efficiency standards in a life cycle primary energy perspective. Energy and Buildings, 43, 1589–1597. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.03.002
   Google Scholar
• European Committee for Standardization. (2008). EN ISO 13790:2008 – Energy performance of buildings – Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling. Brussels.
   Google Scholar
• European Committee for Standardization. (2011a). EN 15643-2:2011 – Sustainability of construction works – Sustainability assessment of buildings – Part 2: Framework for the assessment of environmental performance. Brussels.
   Google Scholar
• European Committee for Standardization. (2011b). EN 15978: 2011 – Sustainability of construction works – Assessment of environmental performance of buildings – Calculation method. Brussels.
   Google Scholar
• European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2010). The directive 2010/31/EU of the European parliament and of the council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings (recast). Official Journal of the European Union, 153, 13–35.
   Google Scholar
• Gann, D. (2000). Building innovation: Complex constructs in a changing world. London: Thomas Telford.
   Google Scholar
• Goh, B. H., & Sun, Y. (2016). The development of life-cycle costing for buildings. Building Research & Information, 44, 319–333. doi:10.1080/09613218.2014.993566
   Google Scholar
• Grant, A., Ries, R., & Kibert, C. (2014). Life cycle assessment and service life prediction. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 18, 187–200. doi:10.1111/jiec.12089
   Google Scholar
• Haapio, A., & Viitaniemi, P. (2008). Environmental effect of structural solutions and building materials to a building. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 28, 587–600. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2008.02.002
   Google Scholar
• Hansen, E. J., Stang, B. D., Ginnerup, S., Kirkeby, I. M., Buch-Hansen, T., Aagaard, N-J., … Brandt, E. (2012). SBi Guidelines 230 – Guidelines on Building Regulations 2010 (2nd ed.). Copenhagen: Danish Building Research Institute, Aalborg University.
   Google Scholar
• Huijbregts, M., Hellweg, S., Frischknecht, R., Hendriks, H., Hungerbühler, K., & Hendriks, A. J. (2010). Cumulative energy demand as predictor for the environmental burden of commodity production. Environmental Science & Technology, 44, 2189–2196. doi:10.1021/es902870s
   Google Scholar
• Huijbregts, M., Rombouts, L., Hellweg, S., Frischknecht, R., Hendriks, A. J., van de Meent, D., Ragas, A., … Struij, J. (2006). Is cumulative fossil energy demand a useful indicator for the environmental performance of products? Environmental Science & Technology, 40, 641–648. doi:10.1021/es051689g
   Google Scholar
• ISO. (2011). ISO 15686-1:2011 buildings and constructed assets – Service life planning – Part 1: General principles and framework. Geneva: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Joint Research Centre. (2010). ILCD handbook: Analysis of existing environmental impact assessment methodologies for use in life cycle assessment (1st ed.). Ispra: European Commission Joint Research Centre.
   Google Scholar
• König, H., & De Cristofaro, M. L. (2012). Benchmarks for life cycle costs and life cycle assessment of residential buildings. Building Research & Information, 40, 558–580. doi:10.1080/09613218.2012.702017
   Google Scholar
• Lasvaux, S., Gantner, J., Schiopu, N., Nibel, S., Bazzana, M., Bosdevigie, B., & Sibiude, G. (2013). Towards a new generation of building LCA tools adapted to the building design process and to the user needs. In A. Passer, K. Höfler, & P. Maydl (Eds.), Proceedings of the international conference on sustainable buildings, construction products & technologies, SB13 Graz (pp. 406–417). Graz: Verlag der Technischen Universitaet Graz.
   Google Scholar
• Lstiburek, J. W. (2007). Building science – The perfect wall. ASHRAE Journal, 5, 74–78. Retrieved from https://www.ashrae.org/File20Library/docLib/Journal20Documents/May%202007′/20070503_maybuilding.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Marsh, R., & Lauring, M. (2011). Architecture and energy: Questioning regulative and architectural paradigms for Danish low-energy housing. Architectural Research Quarterly, 15, 165–175. doi:10.1017/S1359135511000583
   Google Scholar
• Mequignon, M., Haddou, H. A., Thellier, T., & Bonhomme, M. (2013). Greenhouse gases and building lifetimes. Building and Environment, 68, 77–86. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.05.017
   Google Scholar
• National Agency for Enterprise and Construction. (2011). Bygningsklasse 2020 [ Building class 2020]. Copenhagen.
   Google Scholar
• NGBC. (2012). Technical manual BREEAM-NOR ver. 1.1. Oslo: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Optis, M., & Wild, P. (2010). Inadequate documentation in published life cycle energy reports on buildings. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 15, 644–651. doi:10.1007/s11367-010-0203-4
   Google Scholar
• Ortiz, O., Castells, F., & Sonnemann, G. (2009). Sustainability in the construction industry: A review of recent developments based on LCA. Construction and Building Materials, 23, 28–39. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.11.012
   Google Scholar
• Peat, M. (2009). Promotion of materials and products with sustainable credentials. Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 5, 46–52. doi:10.3763/aedm.2009.0905
   Google Scholar
• Rauf, A., & Crawford, R. H. (2015). Building service life and its effect on the life cycle embodied energy of buildings. Energy, 79, 140–148. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.10.093
   Google Scholar
• Ravetz, J. (2008). State of the stock – What do we know about existing buildings and their future prospects? Energy Policy, 36, 4462–4470. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2008.09.026
   Google Scholar
• Rydh, C., & Sun, M. (2005). Life cycle inventory data for materials grouped according to environmental and material properties. Journal of Cleaner Production, 13, 1258–1268. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.05.012
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt, A. (2012). Analysis of five approaches to environmental assessment of building components in a whole building context. Lyngby: FORCE Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Schweber, L., & Haroglu, H. (2014). Comparing the fit between BREEAM assessment and design processes. Building Research & Information, 42, 300–317. doi:10.1080/09613218.2014.889490
   Google Scholar
• Sharma, A., Saxena, A., Sethi, M., Shree, M., & Varun, V. (2011). Life cycle assessment of buildings: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, 871–875. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2010.09.008
   Google Scholar
• Sheskin, D. J. (2007). Handbook of parametric and nonparametric statistical procedures (4th ed.). Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
   Google Scholar
• Silvestre, J. D., Lasvaux, S., Hodkovà, J., de Brito, J., & Pinheiro, M. D. (2015). NativeLCA – A systematic approach for the selection of environmental datasets as generic data: Application to construction products in a national context. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 20, 731–750. doi:10.1007/s11367-015-0885-8
   Google Scholar
• Slaughter, E. S. (2001). Design strategies to increase building flexibility. Building Research & Information, 29, 208–217. doi:10.1080/09613210010027693
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Denmark. (2016). BYGV80: Total floor area (adjusted for delays) by phase of construction and use. Retrieved from http://www.statistikbanken.dk/statbank5a/default.asp?w=1440
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, R. (1990). Interpretation of the correlation coefficient: A basic review. Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography, 6, 35–39. doi:10.1177/875647939000600106
   Google Scholar
• Trochim, W., & Donnelly, J. P. (2006). The research methods knowledge base (3rd ed.). Cincinnati, OH: Atomic Dog.
   Google Scholar
• V&S Byggedata. (2013). V&S Prisdata: Nybyggeri – Bygningsdele. [V&S Price data: New build – Building components]. Ballerup.
   Google Scholar
• Valovcin, S., Hering, A., Polly, B., & Heaney, M. (2014). A statistical approach for post-processing residential building energy simulation output. Energy and Buildings, 85, 165–179. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.07.060
   Google Scholar