650
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

From semisolid metal processing to thixotropic 3D printing of metallic alloys

ORCID Icon, , &
Pages 489-507 | Received 11 Sep 2021, Accepted 20 Feb 2022, Published online: 11 Mar 2022

References

  • Abdulhameed, O., A. Al-Ahmari, W. Ameen, and S. H. Mian. 2019. “Additive Manufacturing: Challenges, Trends, and Applications.” Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11 (2): 168781401882288.
  • Apelian, D., Y. Tsutsui, M. Kiuchi, and K. Ichikawa. 2002. “Semi-solid processing routes and microstructure evolution.” In Proc. 7th Int. Conf. on ‘Semi-solid processing of alloys and composites’, Tsukuba, Japan, (pp. 25–30).
  • Atkinson, H. 2005. “Modelling the Semisolid Processing of Metallic Alloys.” Progress in Materials Science 50 (3): 341–412.
  • Barnes, H. A. 1997. “Thixotropy—a Review.” Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 70 (1-2): 1–33.
  • Barnes, H. A., J. F. Hutton, and K. Walters. 1989. An Introduction to Rheology Vol. 3. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Blair, G. S., and F. M. V. Coppen. 1942. “The Subjective Conception of the Firmness of Soft Materials.” The American Journal of Psychology 55: 215–229.
  • Buschow, K. J., R. W. Cahn, M. C. Flemings, B. Ilschner, E. J. Kramer, and S. Mahajan. 2001. “Encyclopedia of Materials.” Science and Technology 1: 11.
  • Canyook, R., J. Wannasin, S. Wisuthmethangkul, and M. C. Flemings. 2012. “Characterization of the Microstructure Evolution of a Semi-solid Metal Slurry During the Early Stages.” Acta Materialia 60 (8): 3501–3510.
  • Chen, W., L. Thornley, H. G. Coe, S. J. Tonneslan, J. J. Vericella, C. Zhu, E. B. Duoss, R. M. Hunt, M. J. Wight, and D. Apelian. 2017. “Direct Metal Writing: Controlling the Rheology Through Microstructure.” Applied Physics Letters 110 (9): 094104.
  • Chhabra, R. P., and J. F. Richardson. 1999. Non-newtonian Flow in the Process Industries Fundamentals and Engineering Applications. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Chhabra, R. P., and J. F. Richardson. 2011. Non-newtonian Flow and Applied Rheology: Engineering Applications. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Cotterill, R. 2003. Biophysics: An Introduction. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Darvell, B. W. 2018. Materials Science for Dentistry. San Diego: Elsevier Science & Technology.
  • Deepak Kumar, S., J. Ghose, and A. Mandal. 2019. “Chapter 2 - Thixoforming of Light-Weight Alloys and Composites: An Approach Toward Sustainable Manufacturing.” In Sustainable Engineering Products and Manufacturing Technologies. 1st ed., edited by K. Kumar, D. Zindani, and P. Davim, 25–43. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816564-5.00002-5.
  • de Figueredo, A. 2001. Science and Technology of Semi-Solid Metal Processing. Rosemont, Ill: North American Die Casting Association.
  • de Souza Mendes, P. R., and R. L. Thompson. 2012. “A Critical Overview of Elasto-viscoplastic Thixotropic Modeling.” Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 187-188: 8–15.
  • Fan, Z. 2002. “Semisolid Metal Processing.” International Materials Reviews 47 (2): 49–85.
  • Fan, Z., and J. Y. Chen. 2002. “Modelling of Rheological Behaviour of Semisolid Metal Slurries Part 2 – Steady State Behaviour.” Materials Science and Technology 18 (3): 243–249.
  • Fang, X., J. Du, Z. Wei, X. Wang, P. He, H. Bai, B. Wang, J. Chen, R. Geng, and B. Lu. 2016. “Study on Metal Deposit in the Fused-coating Based Additive Manufacturing.” Procedia Cirp 55: 115–121.
  • Flemings, M. C. 1974. “Solidification Processing.” Metallurgical Transactions 5 (10): 2121–2134.
  • Flemings, M. C. 1991. “Behavior of Metal Alloys in the Semisolid State.” Metallurgical Transactions A 22 (5): 957–981.
  • Flemings, M., R. Riek, and K. P. Young. 1976. “Rheocasting.” Materials Science and Engineering 25: 103–117.
  • Frazier, W. E. 2014. “Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Review.” Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 23 (6): 1917–1928.
  • Freundlich, H., and H. L. Röder. 1938. “Dilatancy and its Relation to Thixotropy.” Transactions of the Faraday Society 34: 308–316.
  • Gao, W., Y. Zhang, D. Ramanujan, K. Ramani, Y. Chen, C. B. Williams, C. C. Wang, Y. C. Shin, S. Zhang, and P. D. Zavattieri. 2015. “The Status, Challenges, and Future of Additive Manufacturing in Engineering.” Computer-Aided Design 69: 65–89.
  • Goodeve, C. F. 1939. “A General Theory of Thixotropy and Viscosity.” Transactions of the Faraday Society 35: 342–358.
  • Goodeve, C., and G. W. Whitfield. 1938. “The Measurement of Thixotropy in Absolute Units.” Transactions of the Faraday Society 34: 511–520.
  • Haga, T., and P. Kapranos. 2002. “Simple Rheocasting Processes.” Journal of Materials Processing Technology 130-131: 594–598.
  • Hashmi, S. 2014. Comprehensive Materials Processing. Walltham: Elsevier.
  • Jabbari, A., and K. Abrinia. 2018. “A Metal Additive Manufacturing Method: Semi-solid Metal Extrusion and Deposition.” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 94 (9-12): 3819–3828.
  • Jabbari, A., and K. Abrinia. 2019. “Preparing a Solid Filament for use in Additive Manufacturing of Metals.” JOM Journal of the Minerals Metals and Materials Society 71 (3): 1088–1094.
  • Ji, S., Z. Fan, and X. Fang. 2002. “Twin-screw rheomoulding of AZ91D Mg-alloys.” In Proceedings of the 7-th International Conference Semi-solid Processing of Alloys and Composites, Tsukuba (pp. 683–688).
  • Joly, P., and R. Mehrabian. 1976. “The Rheology of a Partially Solid Alloy.” Journal of Materials Science 11 (8): 1393–1418.
  • Kaufmann, H., and P. J. Uggowitzer. 2001. “Fundamentals of the New Rheocasting Process for Magnesium Alloys.” Advanced Engineering Materials 3 (12): 963–967.
  • Kaufmann, H., H. Wabusseg, and P. J. Uggowitzer. 2000. “Metallurgical and Processing Aspects of the nrc Semi-solid Casting Technology.” ALUMINIUM-DUSSELDORF THEN ISERNHAGEN 76 (1/2): 70–74.
  • Kirkwood, D. 1994. “Semisolid Metal Processing.” International Materials Reviews 39 (5): 173–189.
  • Kobelev, V., and K. S. Schweizer. 2005. “Dynamic Yielding, Shear Thinning, and Stress Rheology of Polymer-particle Suspensions and Gels.” The Journal of Chemical Physics 123 (16): 164903.
  • Kopp, R., D. Neudenberger, and G. Winning. 2001. “Different Concepts of Thixoforging and Experiments for Rheological Data.” Journal of Materials Processing Technology 111 (1-3): 48–52.
  • Larson, R. G., and Y. Wei. 2019. “A Review of Thixotropy and its Rheological Modeling.” Journal of Rheology 63 (3): 477–501.
  • Lashkari, O., and R. Ghomashchi. 2007. “The Implication of Rheology in Semi-solid Metal Processes: An Overview.” Journal of Materials Processing Technology 182 (1-3): 229–240.
  • Lima, D. D., K. N. Campo, S. T. Button, and R. Caram. 2020. “3d Thixo-printing: A Novel Approach for Additive Manufacturing of Biodegradable Mg-Zn Alloys.” Materials & Design 196: 109161.
  • Liu, T. Y. 2002. “Rheology of semisolid alloys under rapid change in shear rate.” PhD thesis, University of Sheffield.
  • Mewis, J. 1979. “Thixotropy - A General Review.” Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 6 (1): 1–20.
  • Mewis, J., and N. J. Wagner. 2009. “Thixotropy.” Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 147-148: 214–227.
  • Mewis, J., and N. J. Wagner. 2012. Colloidal Suspension Rheology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Modigell, M., and J. Koke. 1999. “Time-dependent Rheological Properties of Semi-solid Metal Alloys.” Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials 3 (1): 15–30.
  • Mohammed, M., M. Omar, M. Salleh, K. Alhawari, and M. Abdelgnei. 2014. “An Overview of Semi-solid Metal Processing.” Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 8 (19): 369–373.
  • Mohammed, M. N., M. Z. Omar, J. Syarif, Z. Sajuri, M. S. Salleh, and K. S. Alhawari. 2013. “Microstructural Evolution during DPRM Process of Semisolid Ledeburitic D2 Tool Steel.” The Scientific World Journal 2013: Article ID 828926, 7 pages. doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/828926.
  • Mujumdar, A., A. N. Beris, and A. B. Metzner. 2002. “Transient Phenomena in Thixotropic Systems.” Journal of Non-newtonian Fluid Mechanics 102 (2): 157–178.
  • Ngo, T. D., A. Kashani, G. Imbalzano, K. T. Nguyen, and D. Hui. 2018. “Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing): A Review of Materials, Methods, Applications and Challenges.” Composites Part B: Engineering 143: 172–196.
  • Nguyen, Q., and P. Uhlherr. 1985. “Thixotropic behaviour of concentrated real mud suspensions.” In Proc 3rd Nat Conf Rheol, Melbourne, (pp. 63–67).
  • Nishimatsu, C., and J. Gurland. 1958. Experimental Survey of the Deformation of a Hard-ductile Two-phase Alloy System, WC-co. Providence, RI: Division of Engineering, Brown University.
  • Omar, M. Z., E. Palmiere, A. Howe, H. Atkinson, and P. Kapranos. 2005. “Thixoforming of a High Performance HP9/4/30 Steel.” Materials Science and Engineering: A 395 (1-2): 53–61.
  • Pan, Q., D. Apelian, and A. N. Alexandrou. 2004. “Yield Behavior of Commercial Al-Si Alloys in the Semisolid State.” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 35 (6): 1187–1202.
  • Peterfi, T. 1927. “Arch Entwicklungsmech.” The Organ 112: 680.
  • Polmear, I., D. Stjohn, J.-F. Nie, and M. Qian. 2017. Light Alloys: Metallurgy of the Light Metals. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Püttgen, W., W. Bleck, G. Hirt, and H. Shimahara. 2007. “Thixoforming of Steels – A Status Report.” Advanced Engineering Materials 9 (4): 231–245.
  • Quaak, C., L. Katgerman, and W. Kool. 1996. “Viscosity evolution of partially solidified Aluminium slurries after a shear rate jump.” In Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on SS Processing of Alloys and Composites, (pp. 35–39).
  • Riecker, S., J. Clouse, T. Studnitzky, O. Andersen, and B. Kieback. 2016. “Fused deposition modeling-opportunities for cheap metal AM.” World PM2016-AM-Deposition Technologies.
  • Roussel, N. 2006. “A Thixotropy Model for Fresh Fluid Concretes: Theory, Validation and Applications.” Cement and Concrete Research 36 (10): 1797–1806.
  • Tanner, R. I., and K. Walters. 1998. Rheology: An Historical Perspective. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Tzimas, E., and A. Zavaliangos. 2000. “Evolution of Near-equiaxed Microstructure in the Semisolid State.” Materials Science and Engineering: A 289 (1-2): 228–240.
  • Uggowitzer, P., G. Gullo, and A. Wahlen. 2000. Vom Werkstoff zum Bauteilsystem. Ranshofen: LKR-Verlag.
  • Underwood, E. E. 1970. Quantitative Stereology. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Wagner, M. A., A. Hadian, T. Sebastian, F. Clemens, T. Schweizer, M. Rodriguez-Arbaizar, E. Carreño-Morelli, and R. Spolenak. 2022. “Fused Filament Fabrication of Stainless Steel Structures - From Binder Development to Sintered Properties.” Additive Manufacturing 49: 102472. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102472.
  • Wei, Y., M. J. Solomon, and R. G. Larson. 2019. “Time-dependent Shear Rate Inhomogeneities and Shear Bands in a Thixotropic Yield-stress Fluid Under Transient Shear.” Soft Matter 15 (39): 7956–7967.
  • Zhang, Y., Y. Zhang, W. She, L. Yang, G. Liu, and Y. Yang. 2019. “Rheological and Harden Properties of the High-thixotropy 3d Printing Concrete.” Construction and Building Materials 201: 278–285.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.