The European Issue and Party Choice at British General Elections, 1974–2005

References

• Achen , Chris H. 1975 . Mass political attitudes and survey response . American Political Science Review , 69 (4) : 1218 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams , James and Ezrow , Lawrence . 2009 . Who do European parties represent? How Western European parties represent the policy preferences of opinion leaders . Journal of Politics , 71 (2) : 206 – 223 .
   Google Scholar
• Adams , James , Grofman , Bernard and Merrill , James . 2005 . A Unified Theory of Party Competition: A Cross‐national Analysis Integrating Spatial and Behavioural Factors , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Alvarez , Robert M. and Brehm , John . 2002 . Hard Choices, Easy Answers , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Alvarez , Robert M. and Nagler , Jonathan . 2004 . Party system compactness: measurement and consequences . Political Analysis , 12 (1) : 46 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bara , Judith . 2006 . The 2005 manifestos: a sense of deja vu? . Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties , 16 (3) : 265 – 281 .
   Google Scholar
• Bara , Judith and Budge , Ian . 2001 . Party policy and ideology: still New Labour? . Parliamentary Affairs , 54 (4) : 590 – 606 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartels , Larry . 2001 . “ An agenda for voting research ” . In Election Studies. What’s their Use? , Edited by: Katz , Elihu and Warshel , Yael . 59 – 81 . Boulder , CO : Westview Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bartels , Larry . 1996 . Uninformed votes: information effects in presidential elections . American Journal of Political Science , 40 (1) : 194 – 230 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartle , John . 1998 . Left–right matters, but does social class? Causal models of the 1992 British general election . British Journal of Political Science , 28 (3) : 501 – 529 .
   Google Scholar
• Bartle , John . 2000 . Political awareness, opinion constraint and the stability of ideological positions . Political Studies , 48 (3) : 467 – 484 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartle , John . 2003 . Partisanship, performance and personality: competing and complementary characterisations of the 2001 British General Election . Party Politics , 9 (3) : 317 – 345 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartle , John . 2005 . Homogenous models and heterogeneous voters . Political Studies , 53 (4) : 653 – 675 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartle , John and Bellucci , Paolo . 2009 . “ Introduction ” . In Political Parties and Partisanship: Social Identity and Individual Attitudes , Edited by: Bartle , John and Bellucci , Paolo . 1 – 25 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Baumgartner , Frank R. and Jones , Bryan D. 1993 . Agendas and Instability in American Politics , Chicago : Chicago University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Benoit , Kenneth and Laver , Michael . 2007 . Benchmarks for text analysis: a reply to Budge and Pennings . Electoral Studies , 26 (1) : 130 – 135 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blais , André , Martin , Pierre and Nadeau , Richard . 1998 . Can people explain their own vote? Introspective questions as indicators of salience in the 1995 Quebec referendum on sovereignty . Quality and Quantity , 32 (4) : 355 – 366 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boninger , S. , Krosnick , Jon A. , Berent , Matthew K. and Fabrigar , L. R. 1995 . “ The causes and consequences of attitude importance ” . In Attitude Strength: Antecedents and Consequences , Edited by: Petty , Richard E. and Krosnick , Jon A. 159 – 190 . Mahwah , NJ : Lawerence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Borre , Ole . 2001 . Issue Voting , Aarhus : Aarhus University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brody , Richard A. and Page , Benjamin I. 1972 . Comment: the assessment of policy voting . American Political Science Review , 66 (2) : 450 – 458 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Budge , Ian and Farlie , Derek . 1983 . Explaining and Predicting Elections , London : Allen and Unwin .
   Google Scholar
• Budge , Ian , Klingemann , Hans Dieter , Volkens , Andrea , Bara , Judith and Tanenbaum , Eric . 2001 . Mapping Policy Preferences: Estimates for Parties, Electors, and Governments, 1945–1998 , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Butler , David and Kavanagh , Dennis . 1992 . The British General Election of 1992 , Basingstoke : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Butler , David and Stokes , Donald . 1971 . Political Change in Britain: Forces Shaping Electoral Change , London : Penguin .
   Google Scholar
• Butler , D. and Stokes , Donald . 1974 . Political Change in Britain: The Evolution of Electoral Choice , London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , Angus , Converse , Philip E. , Miller , Warren E. and Stokes , Donald . 1960 . The American Voter , New York : John Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Clarke , Harold D. , Sanders , David , Stewart , Marianne C. and Whiteley , Paul . 2004 . Political Choice in Britain , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Converse , Philip E. 1964 . “ The nature of belief systems in mass publics ” . In Ideology and Discontent , Edited by: Apter , David . 206 – 261 . New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Converse , Philip E. 1990 . “ Popular representation and the distribution of information ” . In Information and Democratic Processes , Edited by: Ferejohn , John A. and Kuklinski , James H. 369 – 388 . Urbana : University of Illinois Press .
   Google Scholar
• Converse , Philip E. 1995 . “ Foreword ” . In Attitude Strength: Antecedents and Consequences , Edited by: Petty , Richard E. and Krosnick , Jon A. xi – xviii . Mahwah , NJ : Lawerence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Crewe , Ivor and King , Anthony . 1994 . SDP: The Birth, Life and Death of the Social Democratic Party , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Davis , James A. 1985 . The Logic of Causal Order , Beverley Hills , CA : Sage Publications . Sage University Paper Series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences 007–5
   Google Scholar
• Deacon , David and Wring , Dominic . 2005 . “ Election unspun? The mediation of the campaign ” . In Britain Decides: The UK General Election 2005 , Edited by: Geddes , Andrew and Tonge , Jonathan . 208 – 223 . Basingstoke : Palgrave .
   Google Scholar
• Denman , Roy . 1996 . Missed Chances: Britain and Europe in the Twentieth Century , London : Cassell .
   Google Scholar
• De Vries , Catherine E. 2007 . Sleeping giant: fact or fairytale? . European Union Politics , 8 (3) : 363 – 385 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorussen , Han and Palmer , Harvey D. 2002 . “ The context of economic voting ” . In Economic Voting , Edited by: Dorussen , Han and Taylor , Michael . 1 – 16 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Evans , Geoffrey . 1998 . Euroscepticism and Conservative support: how an asset became a liability . British Journal of Political Science , 28 (4) : 573 – 590 .
   Google Scholar
• Evans , Geoffrey . 1999 . “ Europe: a new electoral cleavage ” . In Critical Elections: British Parties and Voters in Long‐term Perspective , Edited by: Norris , Pippa and Evans , Geoffrey . 207 – 222 . London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Evans , Geoffrey , Curtice , John and Pippa , Norris . 1998 . “ New Labour, new tactical voting? The causes and consequences of tactical voting in the 1997 general election ” . In British Elections and Parties Review, Volume 8: The 1997 General Election , Edited by: Denver , David , Fisher , Justin , Cowley , Philip and Pattie , Charles . 65 – 79 . London : Frank Cass .
   Google Scholar
• Fiorina , Maurice P. 1981 . Retrospective Voting in American National Elections , New Haven , CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fisher , Stephen and Curtice , John . 2006 . Tactical unwind? Changes in party preference structure and tactical voting in Britain between 2001 and 2005 . Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties , 16 (1) : 55 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Forster , Anthony . 2002 . Euroscepticism and British Politics: Opposition to Europe in the British Conservative and Labour Parties , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Franklin , Mark N. 1984 . The Decline of Class Voting in Britain , Oxford : Clarendon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Geer , John G. 1991 . Do open‐ended questions measure “salient” issues? . Public Opinion Quarterly , 55 (3) : 360 – 370 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George , Stephen . 1998 . An Awkward Partner: Britain in the European Community , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gilens , Martin , Vavreck , Lynn and Cohen , Martin . 2007 . The mass media and the public’s assessments of presidential candidates, 1952–2000 . Journal of Politics , 69 (4) : 1160 – 1175 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green , Jane and Hobolt , Sara B. 2008 . Owning the issue agenda: party strategies and vote choices in British elections . Electoral Studies , 27 (3) : 460 – 476 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton , James T. 2003 . All the News that’s Fit to Sell: How the Market Transforms Information into News , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Heath , Anthony , Jowell , Roger and Curtice , John . 1985 . How Britain Votes , Oxford : Pergamon .
   Google Scholar
• Heath , Anthony , Jowell , Roger and Curtice , John . 1991 . Understanding POLITICAL CHANGE: The British Voter 1964–1987 , Oxford : Pergamon .
   Google Scholar
• Jennings , Will and John , Peter . Error correction in policy/opinion dynamics: the most important problem and the executive agenda in the United Kingdom, 1959–2001 . Paper presented at the ECPR General Conference . September 6–8 , Pisa .
   Google Scholar
• Johnston , Ron , Pattie , Charles J. , MacAllister , Ian , Rossiter , David , Dorling , Daniel F. L. and Tunstall , Helena . 1997 . Spatial variations in voter choice: modelling tactical voting at the 1997 general election in Great Britain . Geographical and Environmental Modelling , 1 (2) : 153 – 178 .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , Bryan D. and Baumgartner , Frank R. 2005 . The Politics of Attention: How Government Prioritizes Problems , Chicago : Chicago University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kahn , Kim F. and Kenney , Patrick J. 1999 . The Spectacle of U.S. Senate Campaigns , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• King , Anthony . 2002 . “ Introduction ” . In Leaders’ Personalities and the Outcome of Democratic Elections , Edited by: King , Anthony . 1 – 43 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• King , Gary , Keohane , Robert O. and Verba , Sidney . 1994 . Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Krosnick , Jon A. 1990 . Government policy and citizen passion: a study of issue publics in contemporary America . Political Behavior , 12 (1) : 59 – 92 .
   Google Scholar
• Krosnick , Jon A. 1991 . Response strategies for coping with the cognitive demands of attitude measures in surveys . Applied Cognitive Psychology , 5 (3) : 213 – 236 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krosnick , Jon A. 2002 . “ The causes of no‐opinion responses to attitude measures in surveys: they rarely are what they appear to be ” . In Survey Nonresponse , Edited by: Groves , Robert M. , Dillman , Don A. , Eltinge , John L. and Little , Roderick J. A. 88 – 100 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Krosnick , J. A. , Holbrook , A. L. , Berent , Matthew K. , Carson , Richard T. , Haneman , W. Michael , Kopp , Raymond J. , Mitchell , Robert C. , Presser , Stanley , Rudd , Paul A. , Smith , V. Kerry , Moody , Wendy R. , Green , Melanie C. and Conway , M. 2002 . The impact of “no opinion” response options on data quality: attitude reduction of an invitation to satisfice? . Public Opinion Quarterly , 66 (3) : 371 – 403 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lupia , Arthur and McCubbins , Matthew D. 1998 . The Democratic Dilemma: Can Citizens Learn what They Need to Know? , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• McKay , David . 2006 . “ ‘Europe’ ” . In Britain at the Polls 2005 , Edited by: Bartle , John and King , Anthony . 78 – 96 . Washington, DC : CQ Press .
   Google Scholar
• Markus , Gregory B. 1988 . The impact of personal and national economic conditions on the presidential vote: a pooled cross‐sectional analysis . American Journal of Political Science , 32 (1) : 137 – 154 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , Warren E. and Shanks , J. Merrill . 1996 . The New American Voter , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nairn , Tom . 1972 . The Left against Europe , London : Penguin .
   Google Scholar
• Niemi , Richard and Bartels , Larry M. 1985 . New measures of issue salience: an evaluation . Journal of Politics , 47 (4) : 1212 – 20 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nisbett , Richard E. and Wilson , Timothy D. 1977 . Telling more than we can know: verbal reports on mental processes . Psychological Review , 34 (2) : 231 – 259 .
   Google Scholar
• Norris , Pippa , Curtice , John , Sanders , David , Scammell , Margaret and Semetko , Holli A. 1999 . On Message: Communicating the Campaign , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Rabinowitz , George , Prothro , James W. and Jacoby , William . 1982 . Salience as a factor in the impact of issues on candidate evaluation . Journal of Politics , 44 (1) : 41 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RePass , David E. 1971 . Issue salience and party choice . American Political Science Review , 65 (2) : 389 – 400 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivers , Douglas . 1988 . Heterogeneity in models of electoral choice . American Journal of Political Science , 32 (3) : 737 – 757 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson , David . 1976 . A Theory of Party Competition , London : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Sanders , David . 1999 . “ The impact of left–right ideology ” . In Critical Elections: British Parties and Voters in Long‐term Perspective , Edited by: Norris , Pippa and Evans , Geoffrey . 181 – 205 . London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Sarlvik , Bo and Crewe , Ivor . 1984 . Decade of Dealignment , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schumann , Howard and Presser , Stanley . 1996 . Questions and Answers in Attitude Surveys: Experiments on Question Form, Wording and Context , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Sniderman , Paul M. , Brody , Richard A. and Tetlock , Philip E. 1991 . Reasoning and Choice: Explorations in Political Psychology , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stimson , James A. 1999 . Public Opinion in America: Moods, Cycles, Swings , Boulder , CO : Westview Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stimson , James A. 2004 . Tides of Consent: How Public Opinion Shapes American Politics , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Studlar , Donley T. 1978 . Policy Voting in Britain: The Colored Immigration Issue in the 1964, 1966 and 1970 General Elections . American Political Science Review , 72 (1) : 46 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tillman , Erik R. 2004 . The European Union at the Ballot Box? European Integration and Voting Behavior in the New Member States . Comparative Political Studies , 37 (5) : 590 – 610 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tourangeau , Roger , Rips , Lance J. and Rasinksi , Kenneth . 2000 . The Psychology of Survey Response , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Turner , John . 2000 . The Tories and Europe , Manchester : Manchester University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Vavreck , Lynn . 2009 . The Message Matters: The Economy and Presidential Campaigns , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Webb , Paul . 2000 . The Modern British Party System , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Wlezien , Chris . 2005 . On the salience of political issues: the problem with “most important problem” . Electoral Studies , 24 (4) : 555 – 579 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young , Hugo . 1998 . This Blessed Plot: Britain and Europe from Churchill to Blair , London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Young , John . 2000 . Britain and European Unity, 1945–1999 , Basingstoke : Macmillan Press .
   Google Scholar
• Zaller , John R. 1992 . The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Zaller , John R. and Feldman , Stanley . 1992 . A simple theory of survey response: Answering questions versus revealing references . American Journal of Political Science , 36 (3) : 579 – 616 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar