Modelling Elections in the Caucasus

References

• Acemoglu , D. 2008 . Oligarchic versus democratic societies . Journal of the European Economic Association , 6 : 1 – 44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acemoglu , D. and Robinson , J. 2008 . Persistence of power, elites, and institutions . American Economic Review , 98 : 267 – 293 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anable , D. 2006 . The Role of Georgia's media—and Western aid—in the Rose Revolution . The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics , 11 : 7 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ansolabehere , S. and Snyder , J. 2000 . Valence politics and equilibrium in spatial election models . Public Choice , 103 : 327 – 336 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aragones , E. and Palfrey , T. 2002 . Mixed equilibrium in a Downsian model with a favored candidate . Journal of Economic Theory , 103 : 131 – 161 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aragones , E. and Palfrey , T. 2005 . “ Spatial competition between two candidates of different quality: The effects of candidate ideology and private information ” . In Social Choice and Strategic Decisions , Edited by: Austen-Smith , D. and Duggan , J. 93 – 111 . Heidelberg : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Broers , L. 2005 . After the ‘Revolution’: Civil society and the challenges of consolidating democracy in Georgia . Central Asian Survey , 24 : 333 – 350 .
   Google Scholar
• Bunce , V. and Wolchik , S. 2010 . “ The regional tradition ” . In Democracy and Authoritarianism in the Post Communist World , Edited by: Bunce , V. and Wolchik , S. 30 – 56 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Carothers , T. 2002 . The end of the transition paradigm . Journal of Democracy , 13 : 5 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheterian , V. 2008 . Georgia's Rose Revolution: Change or repetition? Tension between state-building and modernization projects . Nationalities Papers , 36 : 689 – 712 .
   Google Scholar
• Clarke , H. , Sanders , D. , Stewart , M. and Whiteley , P. 2005 . Political Choice in Britain , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Clarke , H. , Sanders , D. , Stewart , M. and Whiteley , P. 2006 . Taking the bloom off new Labour's rose: Party choice and voter turnout in Britain . Journal of Elections, Public Opinion, and Parties , 16 : 3 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Clarke , H. D. , Kornberg , A. and Scotto , T. J. 2009a . Making Political Choices , Toronto : Toronto University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Clarke , H. , Sanders , D. , Stewart , M. and Whiteley , P. 2009b . Performance Politics and the British Voter , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Clarke , H. , Kornberg , A. , Scotto , T. J. , Reifler , J. , Sanders , D. , Stewart , M. and Whiteley , P. 2011a . Yes We Can! Valence politics and electoral choice in America 2008 . Electoral Studies , 30 : 450 – 461 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke , H. , Scotto , T. J. and Kornberg , A. 2011b . Valence politics and economic crisis: Electoral choice in Canada 2008 . Electoral Studies , 30 : 438 – 449 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enelow , J. M. and Hinich , M. J. 1982 . Nonspatial candidate characteristics and electoral competition . Journal of Politics , 44 : 115 – 131 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enelow , J. M. and Hinich , M. J. 1984a . The Spatial Theory of Voting , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Enelow , J. M. and Hinich , M. J. 1984b . Probabilistic voting and the importance of centrist ideologies in democratic elections . Journal of Politics , 46 : 459 – 478 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epstein , D. , Bates , R. , Goldstone , J. , Kristensen , I. and O'Halloran , S. 2006 . Democratic transitions . American Journal of Political Science , 50 : 551 – 568 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fidrmuk , J. 2000a . Economics of voting in post-communist countries . Electoral Studies , 19 : 199 – 217 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fidrmuk , J. 2000b . Political support for reforms: Economics of voting in transition countries . European Economic Review , 44 : 1491 – 1513 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fjelde , H. 2010 . Generals, dictators and kings . Conflict Management and Peace Research , 27 : 195 – 218 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galiani , S. , Schofield , N. and Torrens , G. 2012 . Factor endowments, democracy and trade policy divergence . Journal of Public Economic Theory , forthcoming
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gandhi , J. and Vreeland , J. 2004 . Political institutions and civil war: Unpacking anocracy, Working Paper, Emory University
   Google Scholar
• Groseclose , T. 2001 . A model of candidate location when one candidate has valence advantage . American Journal of Political Science , 45 : 862 – 886 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grzymala-Busse , A. 2002 . Redeeming the Communist Past , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kitschelt , H. , Mansfeldova , Z. , Markowski , R. and Toka , G. 1999 . Post-Communist Party Systems , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Levitsky , S. and Way , L. A. 2002 . The rise of competitive authoritarianism . Journal of Democracy , 13 : 51 – 65 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markowski , R. 2006 . Polish elections of 2005: Pure chaos or restructuring of the party system . Western European Politics , 29 : 814 – 832 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markowski , R. and Tucker , J. 2010a . Euroskepticism and the emergence of political parties in Poland . Party Politics , 16 : 523 – 548 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markowski , R. and Tucker , J. 2010b . Subjective vs. objective proximity in Poland: New directions for the empirical study of political representation, Working Paper, New York University
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell , L. 2008 . Democracy bound . The National Interest , 95 : 70 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Muskhelishvili , M. and Jorjoliani , G. 2009 . Georgia's ongoing struggle for a better future continued: Democracy promotion through civil society development . Democratization , 16 : 682 – 708 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owen , A. and Tucker , J. A. 2010 . Past is still present: Micro-level comparisons of conventional vs. transitional economic voting in three Polish elections . Electoral Studies , 29 : 25 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peress , M. 2010 . The spatial model with non-policy factors: A theory of policy motivated candidates . Social Choice and Welfare , 34 : 265 – 294 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powers , D. V. and Cox , J. H. 1997 . Echoes from the past: The relationship between satisfaction with economic reforms and voting behavior in Poland . American Political Science Review , 91 : 617 – 633 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn , K. , Martin , A. and Whitford , A. 1999 . Voter choice in multiparty democracies . American Journal of Political Science , 43 : 1231 – 1247 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regan , P. M. and Bell , S. R. 2010 . Changing lanes or stuck in the middle: Why are anocracies more prone to civil wars? . Political Research Quarterly , 63 : 747 – 759 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roemer , J. E. 2001 . Political Competition , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Roemer , J. E. 2011 . A theory of income taxation where politicians focus upon core and swing voters . Social Choice and Welfare , 36 : 383 – 422 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders , D. , Clarke , H. D. , Stewart , M. C. and Whiteley , P. 2011 . Downs, Stokes and the dynamics of electoral choice . British Journal of Political Science , 41 : 287 – 314 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schofield , N. 2003 . Valence competition in the spatial stochastic model . Journal of Theoretical Politics , 15 : 371 – 383 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schofield , N. 2004 . Equilibrium in the spatial valence model of elections . Journal of Theoretical Politics , 16 : 447 – 481 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schofield , N. 2005 . A valence model of political competition in Britain: 1992–1997 . Electoral Studies , 24 : 347 – 370 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schofield , N. 2007 . The mean voter theorem: Necessary and sufficient conditions for convergent equilibrium . Review of Economic Studies , 74 : 965 – 980 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schofield , N. , Claassen , C. , Ozdemir , U. and Zakharov , A. V. 2011a . Estimating the effects of activists in two-Party and multi-party systems: Comparing the United States and Israel . Social Choice and Welfare , 36 : 483 – 518 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schofield , N. , Gallego , M. , Ozdemir , U. and Zakharov , A. V. 2011b . Competition for popular support: A valence model of elections in Turkey . Social Choice and Welfare , 36 : 451 – 482 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schofield , N. , Gallego , M. and Jeon , J. 2011c . Leaders, voters and activists in the elections in Great Britain 2005 and 2010 . Electoral Studies , 30 : 484 – 496 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schofield , N. and Sened , I. 2006 . Multiparty Democracy: Elections and Legislative Politics , Cambridg : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schofield , N. and Zakharov , A. 2010 . A stochastic model of the 2007 Russian Duma election . Public Choice , 142 : 177 – 194 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scotto , T. J. , Clarke , H. D. , Kornberg , A. , Reifler , J. , Sanders , D. , Stewart , M. C. and Whiteley , P. 2010 . The dynamic political economy of support for Barack Obama during the 2008 Presidential election campaign . Electoral Studies , 29 : 545 – 556 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonin , K. and Tucker , J. 2007 . Money, votes and effort, Working Paper, New York University
   Google Scholar
• Stokes , D. 1963 . Spatial Models and Party Competition . American Political Science Review , 57 : 368 – 377 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stokes , D. 1992 . “ Valence politics ” . In Electoral Politics , Edited by: Kavanagh , D. Oxford : Clarendon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sumbadze , N. 2009 . Saakashvili in the public eye: What public opinion polls tell us . Central Asian Survey , 28 : 185 – 197 .
   Google Scholar
• Train , K. 2003 . Discrete Choice Methods for Simulation , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tucker , J. 2006 . Regional economic voting: Russia, Poland Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic, 1990–1999 , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Vreeland , J. 2008 . The effect of political regime on civil war . Journal of Conflict Resolution , 52 : 401 – 425 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welt , C. 2010 . “ Georgia's rose revolution ” . In Democracy and Authoritarianism in the Post Communist World , Edited by: Bunce , V. and Wolchik , S. 155 – 188 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar