Average out-of-pocket healthcare and work-loss costs of traffic injuries in Karachi, Pakistan

References

• Ahmed , A. 2007 . Road safety in Pakistan , Islamabad : National Road Safety Secretariat, Ministry of Communications .
   Google Scholar
• al-Masaeid , H. R. , al-Mashakbeh , A. A. and Qudah , A. M. 1999 . Economic costs of traffic accidents in Jordan . Accident Analysis and Prevention , 31 : 347 – 357 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhatti , M. A. , Ajaib , M. K. , Masud , T. I. and Ali , M. 2008 . Road traffic injuries in Pakistan: Challenges in estimation through routine hospital data . Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad , 20 : 108 – 111 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Channa , R. , Jaffrani , H. A. , Khan , A. J. , Hasan , T. and Razzak , J. A. 2008 . Transport time to trauma facilities in Karachi: An exploratory study . International Journal of Emergency Medicine , 1 : 201 – 204 .
   Google Scholar
• Dalal , K. and Rahman , A. 2009 . Out-of-pocket payments for unintentional injuries: A study in rural Bangladesh . International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion , 16 ( 1 ) : 41 – 47 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engstrom , K. , Diderichsen , F. and Laflamme , L. 2002 . Socioeconomic differences in injury risks in childhood and adolescence: a nation-wide study of intentional and unintentional injuries in Sweden . Injury and Prevention , 8 : 137 – 142 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fatmi , Z. , Hadden , W. C. , Razzak , J. A. , Qureshi , H. I. , Hyder , A. A. and Pappas , G. 2007 . Incidence, patterns and severity of reported unintentional injuries in Pakistan for persons five years and older: Results of the National Health Survey of Pakistan 1990–94 . BMC Public Health , 7 : 152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghaffar , A. , Hyder , A. A. and Masud , T. I. 2004 . The burden of road traffic injuries in developing countries: The 1st national injury survey of Pakistan . Public Health , 118 : 211 – 217 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gosselin , R. A. 2009 . The Increasing Burden of Injuries in Developing Countries . Techniques in Orthopaedics , 24 : 230 – 232 .
   Google Scholar
• Hyder , A. A. and Ghaffar , A. 2002 . Socioeconomic differences in road traffic injuries . Journal Epidemiology and Community Health , 56 : 719
   Google Scholar
• Ipingbemi , O. 2008 . Spatial analysis and socio-economic burden of road crashes in south-western Nigeria . International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion , 15 : 99 – 108 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs , G. , Aeron-Thomas , A. and Astrop , A. 2000 . Estimating global road fatalities (No. TRL Report No. 445) , Crowthorne : Transport Research Laboratory .
   Google Scholar
• Jadaan , K. S. 1989 . Road accidents costs in Jordan . Journal of the Royal Society of Health , 109 : 144 – 146 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaya , E. , Ozguc , H. , Tokyay , R. and Yunuk , O. 1999 . Financial burden of trauma care on a university hospitalin a developing country . Journal of Trauma , 47 : 572 – 575 .
   Google Scholar
• Nantulya , V. M. and Reich , M. R. 2002 . The neglected epidemic: Road traffic injuries in developing countries . British Medical Journal , 324 : 1139 – 1141 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nantulya , V. M. and Reich , M. R. 2003 . Equity dimensions of road traffic injuries in low- and middle-income countries . Injury Control and Safety Promotion , 10 : 13 – 20 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• National Transport Research Centre. 1999 . Manual of road safety improvement by the use of low cost engineering countermeasures , Islamabad : National Transport Research Centre, National Highway Authority, and Finnroad OY .
   Google Scholar
• Nishtar , S. , Mohamud , K. B. , Razzak , J. , Ghaffar , A. , Ahmed , A. and Khan , S. A. 2004 . Injury prevention and control: National Action Plan for NCD Prevention, Control and Health Promotion in Pakistan . Journal of Pakistan Medical Association , 54 : S57 – S68 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peden , M. , Scurfiled , R. , Sleet , D. , Mohan , D. , Hyder , A. and Jarawan , E. 2004 . World report on road traffic injury prevention , Geneva : World Health Organization .
   Google Scholar
• Raja , I. A. , Vohra , A. H. and Ahmed , M. 2001 . Neurotrauma in Pakistan . World Journal of Surgery , 25 : 1230 – 1237 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Razzak , J. A. and Laflamme , L. 2005 . Limitations of secondary data sets for road traffic injury epidemiology: A study from Karachi, Pakistan . Prehospital Emergency Care , 9 : 355 – 360 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reddy , G. M. , Negandhi , H. , Singh , D. and Singh , A. J. 2009 . Extent and determinants of cost of road traffic injuries in an Indian city . Indian Journal of Medical Science , 63 : 549 – 556 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Regional Health Observatory. 2007 . Health systems profile: Pakistan , Egypt: World Health Organization East Mediterranean Regional Office .
   Google Scholar
• Riewpaiboon , A. , Piyauthakit , P. and Chaikledkaew , U. 2008 . Economic burden of road traffic injuries: A micro-costing approach . Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health , 39 : 1139 – 1149 .
   Google Scholar
• Singer , M. S. and Ghaffar , A. 2004 . Risk factors for road traffic injury in Pakistani children . Journal of College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan , 14 : 709 – 712 .
   Google Scholar
• Stevenson , M. , Segui-Gomez , M. , Lescohier , I. , Di , Scala, C. and McDonald-Smith , G. 2001 . An overview of the injury severity score and the new injury severity score . Injury and Prevention , 7 ( 1 ) : 10 – 13 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• The World Bank . 2010 . World Development Report 2010: Development and Climate Change , Washington, DC : The World Bank .
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Population Division. 2009 . World population prospects: The 2008 revision , New York, NY : United Nations .
   Google Scholar
• Watkins , K. , Ugaz , C. , Carvajal , L. , Coppard , D. , Nieva , R. F. Gaye , A. 2007 . Human development report 2007/2008 fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world , New York, NY : United Nations Development Program .
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). 2009 . Global status report on road safety , Geneva : WHO .
   Google Scholar