2,277
Views
21
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Ethnography in a virtual world

&
Pages 255-272 | Published online: 28 May 2013

References

  • Anderson , Benedict . 1991 . Imagined Communities , London : Verso Books .
  • Appadurai , Arjun . 1990 . Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy . Public Culture , 2 ( 2 ) : 1 – 24 . doi: 10.1215/08992363-2-2-1
  • Barab , Sasha , Kling , Rob and Grey , James H. 2004 . Designing for Virtual Communities in the Service of Learning , New York : Cambridge University Press . doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511805080
  • Bauman , Zygmunt . 2000 . Liquid Modernity , Cambridge , MA : Polity Press .
  • Beaulieu , Ann . 2004 . Mediating Ethnography: Objectivity and the Making of Ethnographies of the Internet . Social Epistemology , 18 ( 2–3 ) : 139 – 163 . http://courses.washington.edu/com529/page2/page10/files/page10_4.pdf doi: 10.1080/0269172042000249264
  • Boellstorff , Tom . 2008 . Coming of Age in Second Life: An Anthropologist Explores the Virtually Human , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
  • Boellstorff , Tom , Nardi , Bonnie , Pearce , Cecilia and Taylor , T. L. 2012 . Ethnography and Virtual Worlds: A Handbook of Method , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
  • Bohman , James . 2004 . Expanding Dialogue: The Internet, the Public Sphere and Prospects for Transnational Democracy . The Sociological Review , 52 ( 1 ) : 131 – 155 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-954X.2004.00477.x
  • Burbules , Nicholas C. and Torres , Carlos Alberto . 2000 . Globalization and Education: Critical Perspecitives , New York : Routledge .
  • Carter , Denise . 2005 . Living in Virtual Communities: An Ethnography of Human Relationships in Cyberspace . Information, Communication and Society , 8 ( 2 ) : 148 – 167 . doi: 10.1080/13691180500146235
  • Castells , Manuel . 2010 . The Rise of the Network Society , Cambridge , MA : Blackwell .
  • Clifford , James . 1988 . The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth-Century Ethnography, Literature, and Art , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Clifford , James and Marcus , George . 1986 . Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography , Berkley : University of California Press .
  • Cuban , Larry . 1986 . Teachers and Machines: The Classroom Use of Technology Since 1920 , New York : Teachers College Press .
  • Deleuze , Gilles and Guattari , Felix . 1987 . Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota .
  • Dennis , Dion . 2003 . “ The Digital Death Rattle of the American Middle Class: A Cautionary Tale .” http://www.ctheory.net/articles.aspx?id=402.
  • Donath , Judith S . 1999 . “ Identity and Deception in the Virtual Community ” . In Communities in Cyberspace , Edited by: Smith , Mark . 27 – 58 . New York : Routledge .
  • Erikson , Erik . 1968 . Identity: Youth and Crisis , New York : Norton .
  • Ess , Charles . 2001 . Culture, Technology, Communication: Towards an Intercultural Global Village , New York : State University of New York .
  • Ewen , Stuart and Ewen , Elizabeth . 1982 . Channels of Desire: Mass Images and the Shaping of American Consciousness , New York : McGraw-Hill .
  • Falk , Joanie and Drayton , Brian . 2009 . Creating and Sustaining Online Professional Learning Communities , London : Teachers College Press .
  • Faubion , James . 2009 . “ The Ethics of Fieldwork as an Ethics of Connectivity, or the Good Anthropologist (isn't what she used to be) ” . In Fieldwork is Not What It Used to Be: Learning Anthropology's Method in a Time of Transition , Edited by: Faubion , James and Marcus , George . 145 – 165 . Ithaca , NY : Cornell University .
  • Fornäs , Johan . 2002 . Digital Borderlands: Cultural Studies of Identity and Interactivity on the Internet , New York : Peter Lang .
  • Francis , Russell . 2012 . “ Trajectories of Participation Through Online Affinity Spaces .” In Rethinking Educational Ethnography: Researching Online Communities and Interactions , edited by S. Marques da Silva and P. Landri , 123 – 132 . Portugal : Centre for Research in Education, University of Porto .
  • Gee , James P . 2003 . What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy , New York : Palgrave Macmillan .
  • Gee , James P . 2005 . “ Semiotic Social Spaces and Affinity Spaces ” . In Beyond Communities of Practice: Language, Power and Social Context , Edited by: Barton , David and Tusting , Karin . 214 – 232 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Gee , James. P. 2009 . “ Affinity Spaces: From the Age of Mythology to Today's Schools .” http://www.jamespaulgee.com/node/5
  • Geertz , Clifford . 1963 . Peddlers and Princes: Social Development and Economic Change in Two Indonesian Towns , Chicago , IL : University of Chicago Press .
  • Gupta , Ahkil and Ferguson , James . 1997 . Anthropological Locations: Boundaries and Grounds of a Field Science , Berkeley : University of California Press .
  • Habermas , Jurgen . 1989 . The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society , Cambridge , MA : Polity Press .
  • Hakken , David . 2003 . The Knowledge Landscapes of Cyberspace , New York : Routledge .
  • Hardt , Michael and Negri , Antonio . 2000 . Empire , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Harvey , David . 1990 . The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change , Oxford : Blackwell Publishers .
  • Hernandez , Fernando , Juana M. Sancho , and Rachel Fendler . 2011 . “ When the ‘(Playing) Field’ has No Physical Limits: Ethnographic Research with Young People on their Learning Experiences Outside School .” Presented at Rethinking Educational Ethnography: Researching Online Communities and Interactions , University of Porto, May 3 .
  • Herzfeld , Michael . 2001 . Anthropology: Theoretical Practice in Culture and Society , Oxford : Blackwell Publishers .
  • Hine , Christine . 2000 . Virtual Ethnography , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage Publications .
  • Jones , Steve . 1997 . Virtual Culture: Identity and Communication in Cybersociety , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage Publishers .
  • Jones , Steve . 1998 . Cybersociety 2.0: Revisiting Computer-Mediated Communication and Community , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage Publications .
  • Jones , Steve . 1999 . Doing Internet Research: Critical Issues and Methods for Examining the Net , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage Publications .
  • Jordan , Brigitte . 2009 . Blurring Boundaries: The ‘Real’ and the ‘Virtual’ in Hybrid Spaces . Human Organization , 68 ( 2 ) : 181 – 193 . https://www.e-education.psu.edu/drupal6/files/sgam/virtual_space/blurringboundaries.pdf
  • Kollock , Peter and Smith , Marc . 2002 . Communities in Cyberspace , New York : Taylor & Francis .
  • Kozinets , Robert . 2010 . Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage Publications .
  • Leander , Kevin and McKim , Kelly K. 2003 . Tracing the Everyday ‘Sittings’ of Adolescents on the Internet: A strategic Adaptation of Ethnography across Online and Offline Spaces . Education, Communication & Information , 3 ( 2 ) : 211 – 240 . doi: 10.1080/14636310303140
  • Lefebvre , Henri . 1991 . The Production of Space , Oxford : Blackwell Publishers .
  • Lewin , Tamar . 2012 . “ Harvard and M.I.T. Team Up to Offer Free Online Courses .” The New York Times . http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/03/education/harvard-and-mit-team-up-to-offer-free-online-courses.html?_r=0.
  • Lindlof , Thomas R. and Shatzer , Milton J. 1998 . Media Ethnography in Virtual Space: Strategies, Limits, and Possibilities . Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , 42 ( 2 ) : 170 – 189 . doi: 10.1080/08838159809364442
  • Lipman , Pauline . 2003 . High Stakes Education: Inequality, Globalization, and Urban School Reform , New York : Routledge .
  • Marcus , George . 1986 . “ Contemporary Problems of Ethnography in the Modern World System ” . In Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography , Edited by: Clifford , James and Marcus , George . 165 – 193 . Berkley : University of California Press .
  • Marcus , George . 1995 . Ethnography in/of the World System: The Emergence of Multi-Sited Ethnography . Annual Review of Anthropology , 24 ( 1 ) : 95 – 117 . doi: 10.1146/annurev.an.24.100195.000523
  • Marcus , George . 2009 . “ Introduction: Notes Toward an Ethnographic Memoir of Supervising Graduate Research through Anthropology's Decades of Transformation ” . In Fieldwork is not What it Used to Be: Learning Anthropology's Method in a Time of Transition , Edited by: Faubion , James and Marcus , George . 1 – 35 . Ithaca , NY : Cornell University .
  • Marcus , George . 2010 . “ Notes from Within a Laboratory for the Reinvention of Anthropological Method ” . In Ethnographic Practice in the Present , Edited by: Melhuus , Marit , Mitchell , John P. and Wulff , Helena . 69 – 79 . New York : Berghahn Books .
  • Marcus , George . 2012 . “ Multi-sited Ethnography: Five or Six Things I know About It Now ” . In Multi-Sited Ethnography: Problems and Possibilities in the Translocation of Research Methods , Edited by: Coleman , Simon and von Hellermann , Pauline . 16 – 32 . New York : Routledge .
  • Marcus , George and Fischer , Michael . 1986 . Anthropology as Cultural Critique: An Experimental Moment in the Human Sciences , Chicago , IL : The University of Chicago Press .
  • Mason , Bruce Lionel . 1996 . Moving Toward Virtual Ethnography . American Folklore Society News , 25 ( 2 ) : 4 – 6 .
  • McPherson , Miller , Smith-Lovin , Lynn and Brashears , Mathew . 2006 . Social Isolation in America: Changes in Core Discussion Networks over Two Decades . American Sociological Review , 71 ( 3 ) : 353 – 375 . doi: 10.1177/000312240607100301
  • Miller , Daniel and Slater , Don . 2001 . The Internet: An Ethnographic Approach , London : Berg Publishers .
  • Miller , Elmer . 1995 . Nurturing Doubt: From Mennonite Missionary to Anthropologist in the Argentine Chaco , Chicago : University of Illinois Press .
  • Noble , David F . 2002 . Digital Diploma Mills: The Automation of Higher Education , New York : Monthly Review Press .
  • Ohmann , Richard . 1987 . Politics of Letters , Middletown , CT : Wesleyan University Press .
  • Papacharissi , Zizi . 2002 . The Virtual Sphere: The Internet as the Public Sphere . New Media & Society , 4 ( 1 ) : 9 – 27 . doi: 10.1177/14614440222226244
  • Pasek , Josh , More , Eian and Romer , Daniel . 2009 . Realizing the Social Internet? Online Social Networking Meets Offline Civic Engagement . Journal of Information Technology & Politics , 6 ( 3–4 ) : 197 – 215 . doi: 10.1080/19331680902996403
  • Poster , Mark . 2001 . What's the Matter with the Internet? , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
  • Putnam , Robert D . 2001 . Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community , New York : Simon and Schuster .
  • Renninger , K. Ann and Shumar , Wesley . 2000 . Building Virtual Communities: Learning and Change in Cyberspace , New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Rheingold , Howard . 1993 . The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier , New York : Harper Perennial .
  • Sade-Beck , Liav . 2004 . Internet Ethnography: Online and Offline International Journal of Qualitative Methods 3 2 : 45 51 . https://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/IJQM/article/view/4472/3597.
  • Sassen , Saskia . 1998 . Globalization and its Discontents: Essays on the New Mobility of People and Money , New York : New Press .
  • Shumar , Wesley . 2004 . Global Pressures, Local Reactions: Higher Education and Neo-Liberal Economic Policies . International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education , 17 ( 6 ) : 823 – 839 . doi: 10.1080/0951839042000256475
  • Spring , Joel . 2009 . Globalization of Education: An Introduction , New York : Routledge .
  • Sunden , Jenny . 2003 . Material Virtualities: Approaching Online Textual Embodiment , New York : Peter Lang Publishing .
  • Turkle , Sherry . 1995 . Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet , New York : Simon & Schuster .
  • Van Maanen , John . 1988 . Tales of the Field: On Writing Ethnography , Chicago and London : University of Chicago Press .
  • Weber , Steven . 1997 . The End of the Business Cycle? . Foreign Affairs , 76 ( 4 ) : 65 – 82 . doi: 10.2307/20048122
  • Wilson , Samuel M. and Peterson , Leighton C. 2002 . The Anthropology of Online Communities . Annual Review of Anthropology , 31 : 449 – 467 . http://jrichardstevens.com/articles/wilson_peterson.pdf doi: 10.1146/annurev.anthro.31.040402.085436
  • Wittel , Andreas . 2000 . Ethnography on the Move: From Field to Net to Internet Forum: Qualitative Social Research 1 . http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1131/2517 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.