Monitoring seasonal and long-term changes in test performance in elite swimmers

References

• Atkinson , G. 2003 . Does size matter for sports performance researchers? . Journal of Sports Sciences , 21 : 73 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Avalos , M. , Hellard , P. and Chatard , J.-C. 2003 . Modeling the training-performance relationship using a mixed model in elite swimmers . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 35 ( 5 ) : 838 – 846 .
   Google Scholar
• Beaver , W.L. , Wasserman , K. and Whipp , B.J. 1985 . Improved detection of lactate threshold during exercise using a log-log transformation . Journal of Applied Physiology , 59 ( 6 ) : 1936 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Billat , L.V. 1996 . Use of blood lactate measurements for prediction of exercise performance and for control of training . Sports Medicine , 22 ( 3 ) : 157 – 175 .
   Google Scholar
• Bonifazi , M. , Sardella , F. and Lupo , C. 2000 . Preparatory versus main competitions: differences in performances, lactate responses and pre-competition plasma cortisol concentrations in elite male swimmers . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 82 : 368 – 373 .
   Google Scholar
• Chatard , J.-C. , Collomp , C. , Maglischo , E. and Maglischo , C. 1990 . Swimming skill and stroking characteristics of front crawl swimmers . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 11 ( 2 ) : 156 – 161 .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. 1988 . Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences , Hillsdale, New Jersey : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Costill , D.L. , Maglischo , E.W. and Richardson , A.B. 1992 . Swimming , London : Blackwell Scientific Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Craig , A.B. Jr and Pendergast , D.R. 1979 . Relationship of stroke rate, distance per stroke, and velocity in competitive swimming . Medicine and Science in Sport , 11 ( 3 ) : 278 – 283 .
   Google Scholar
• Edelmann-Nusser , J. , Hohmann , A. and Henneberg , B. 2002 . Modeling and prediction of competitive performance in swimming upon neural networks . European Journal of Sport Science , 2 ( 2 ) : 1 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Foster , C. , Fitzgerald , D.J. and Spatz , P. 1999 . Stability of the blood lactate-heart rate relationship in competitive athletes . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 31 ( 4 ) : 578 – 582 .
   Google Scholar
• Hein , M.S. , Kelly , J.M. and Zeballos , R.J. 1989 . A fixed velocity swimming protocol for determination of individual anaerobic threshold . Journal of Swimming Research , 5 ( 3 ) : 15 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Hellard , P. , Avalos , M. , Millet , G. , Lacoste , L. , Barale , F. and Chatard , J.-C. 2005 . Modeling the residual effects and threshold saturation of training: a case study of Olympic swimmers . Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research , 19 ( 1 ) : 67 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Hopkins , W.G. 2000 . Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science . Sports Medicine , 30 ( 1 ) : 1 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Hopkins , W.G. (2002) . Probabilities of clinical or practical significance . Sportscience . Available from : 6:sportsci.org/jour/0201/wghprob.htm .
   Google Scholar
• Hopkins , W.G. , Anderson , M.E. , Lee , H. , Touretski , G. and Pyne , D.B. 2002 . The LMI: A new practical index of lean mass for monitoring athletes . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 34 ( 5 (Suppl. 1) : S237
   Google Scholar
• Keskinen , K.L. , Tilli , L.J. and Komi , P.V. 1989 . Maximum velocity swimming: Interrelationships of stroking characteristics, force production and anthropometric variables . Scandinavian Journal of Sports Science , 11 ( 2 ) : 87 – 92 .
   Google Scholar
• Lucia , A. , Hoyos , J. , Perez , M. and Chicharro , J.L. 2000 . Heart rate and performance parameters in elite cyclists: a longitudinal study . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 32 ( 10 ) : 1777 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Maglischo , E.W. , Maglischo , C.W. and Bishop , R.A. 1982 . Lactate testing for training pace . Swimming Technique , 19 ( 1 ) : 31 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Meleski , B.W. and Malina , R.M. 1985 . Changes in body composition and physique of elite university-level female swimmers during competitive season . Journal of Sports Sciences , 3 : 33 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Mujika , I. , Chatard , J.C. , Busso , T. , Geyssant , A. , Barale , F. and Lacoste , L. 1995 . Effects of training on performance in competitive swimming . Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology , 20 ( 4 ) : 395 – 406 .
   Google Scholar
• Norton , K. , Whittingham , N. , Carter , L. , Kerr , D. , Gore , C. and Marfell-Jones , M. 1996 . “ Measurement techniques in anthropometry ” . In Anthropometrica , Edited by: Norton , K. and Olds , T. 25 – 76 . Sydney : UNSW Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pelayo , P. , Mujika , I. , Sidney , M. and Chatard , J.C. 1996 . Blood lactate recovery measurements, training, and performance during a 23-week period of competitive swimming . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 74 ( 1–2 ) : 107 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Pyne , D.B. , Lee , H. and Swanwick , K.M. 2001 . Monitoring the lactate threshold in world-ranked swimmers . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 33 ( 2 ) : 291 – 297 .
   Google Scholar
• Renoux , J.C. 2001 . Evaluating the time limit at maximum aerobic speed in elite swimmers. Training Implications . Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry , 109 ( 5 ) : 424 – 429 .
   Google Scholar
• Ryan , R. , Coyle , E.F. and Quick , R.W. 1990 . Blood lactate profile throughout a training season in elite female swimmers . Journal of Swimming Research , 6 ( 3 ) : 5 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Sharp , R.L. , Vitelli , C.A. , Costill , D.L. and Thomas , R. 1984 . Comparison between blood lactate and heart rate profiles during a season of competitive swim training . Journal of Swimming Research , 1 ( 1 ) : 17 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , D.J. , Norris , S.R. and Hogg , J.M. 2002 . Performance evaluation of swimmers. Scientific tools . Sports Medicine , 32 ( 9 ) : 539 – 554 .
   Google Scholar
• Stewart , A.M. and Hopkins , W.G. 2000 . Consistency of swimming performance within and between competitions . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 32 ( 5 ) : 997 – 1001 .
   Google Scholar
• Stoové , M.A. and Andersen , M.B. 2003 . What are we looking at, and how big is it? . Physical Therapy in Sport , 4 : 93 – 97 .
   Google Scholar
• Trewin , C.B. , Hopkins , W.G. and Pyne , D.B. 2004 . Relationship between world-ranking and Olympic performance of swimmers . Journal of Sports Sciences , 22 ( 4 ) : 339 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Wakayoshi , K. , Yoshida , T. , Udo , M. , Harada , T. , Moritani , T. Mutoh , Y. 1993 . Does critical swimming velocity represent exercise intensity at maximal lactate steady state? . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 66 : 90 – 95 .
   Google Scholar