Alterations in core temperature during World Rugby Sevens Series tournaments in temperate and warm environmentsFootnote^†

† Research Conducted: Led by affiliation one, with data collection at relevant stadium in Singapore and London.

References

• Aldous, J. W., Chrismas, B. C., Akubat, I., Dascombe, B., Abt, G., & Taylor, L. (2016). Hot and hypoxic environments inhibit simulated soccer performance and exacerbate performance decrements when combined. Frontiers in Physiology, 6, 421. doi:10.3389/fphys.2015.00421.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aldous, J. W. F., Chrismas, B. C., Akubat, I., Stringer, C. A., Abt, G., & Taylor, L. (2018). Mixed-methods pre-match cooling improves simulated soccer performance in the heat: Cooling during simulated soccer. European Journal of Sport Science, 1–10. doi:10.1080/17461391.2018.1498542
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aughey, R. J., Goodman, C. A., & McKenna, M. J. (2014). Greater chance of high core temperatures with modified pacing strategy during team sport in the heat. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 17(1), 113–118. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.02.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baehr, E. K., Revelle, W., & Eastman, C. I. (2000). Individual differences in the phase and amplitude of the human circadian temperature rhythm: With an emphasis on morningness-eveningness. Journal of Sleep Research, 9(2), 117–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergeron, M., Bahr, R., Bärtsch, P., Bourdon, L., Calbet, J., Carlsen, K.,  … Engebretsen, L. (2012). International Olympic committee consensus statement on thermoregulatory and altitude challenges for high-level athletes. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 46(11), 770–779. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bleakley, C. M., Bieuzen, F., Davison, G. W., & Costello, J. T. (2014). Whole-body cryotherapy: Empirical evidence and theoretical perspectives. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine, 5, 25–36. doi: 10.2147/oajsm.s41655
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bongers, C., Daanen, H. A. M., Bogerd, C. P., Hopman, M. T. E., & Eijsvogels, T. M. H. (2018). Validity, reliability, and inertia of four different temperature capsule systems. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 50(1):169–175. doi: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bongers, C. C. W. G., Hopman, M. T. E., & Eijsvogels, T. M. H. (2017). Cooling interventions for athletes: An overview of effectiveness, physiological mechanisms, and practical considerations. Temperature, 4(1), 60–78. doi: 10.1080/23328940.2016.1277003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bongers, C. C. W. G., Thijssen, D. H. J., Veltmeijer, M. T. W., Hopman, M. T. E., & Eijsvogels, T. M. H. (2015). Precooling and percooling (cooling during exercise) both improve performance in the heat: A meta-analytical review. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 49(6):377–384. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092928
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne, C., & Lim, C. L. (2007). The ingestible telemetric body core temperature sensor: A review of validity and exercise applications. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(3), 126–133. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2006.026344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casadio, J. R., Kilding, A. E., Cotter, J. D., & Laursen, P. B. (2017). From lab to real world: Heat acclimation considerations for elite athletes. Sports Medicine, 47(8), 1467–1476. doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0668-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlot, K., Faure, C., & Antoine-Jonville, S. (2017). Influence of hot and cold environments on the regulation of energy balance following a single exercise session: A mini-review. Nutrients, 9(6), 592. doi: 10.3390/nu9060592
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Couderc, A., Thomas, C., Lacome, M., Piscione, J., Robineau, J., Delfour-Peyrethon, R., … Hanon, C. (2016). Movement patterns and metabolic responses during an international Rugby Sevens tournament. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 1–23. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2016-0313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffield, R., Coutts, A. J., & Quinn, J. (2009). Core temperature responses and match running performance during intermittent-sprint exercise competition in warm conditions. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(4), 1238–1244. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318194e0b1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowler, P. M., Lumley, N., Farooq, A., Murrary, A., & Taylor, L. (2017). Subjective and objective responses to two Rugby 7’s world series competitions. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, In Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gabbett, T. J. (2008). Influence of fatigue on tackling technique in rugby league players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(2), 625–632. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181635a6a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girard, O., Brocherie, F., & Bishop, D. J. (2015). Sprint performance under heat stress: A review. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 25(Suppl 1), 79–89. doi: 10.1111/sms.12437
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Girard, O., Brocherie, F., Morin, J.-B., Racinais, S., Millet, G. P., & Périard, J. D. (2017). Mechanical alterations associated with repeated treadmill sprinting under heat stress. PLoS One, 12(2), e0170679. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170679
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higham, D. G., Hopkins, W. G., Pyne, D. B., & Anson, J. M. (2014). Performance indicators related to points scoring and winning in international rugby sevens. Journal of Science and Medicine, 13(2), 358–364.
   Google Scholar
• Hopkins, W. G. (2007). A spreadsheet for deriving a confidence interval, mechanistic inference and clinical inference from a p value. Sportscience, 11, 16–20.
   Google Scholar
• Hopkins, W. G., Marshall, S. W., Batterham, A. M., & Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(1), 3–13. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ihsan, M., Watson, G., & Abbiss, C. R. (2016). What are the physiological mechanisms for post-exercise cold water immersion in the recovery from prolonged endurance and intermittent exercise? Sports Medicine, 46(8), 1095–1109. doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0483-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kakamu, T., Wada, K., Smith, D. R., Endo, S., & Fukushima, T. (2017). Preventing heat illness in the anticipated hot climate of the Tokyo 2020 summer Olympic games. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 22(1), 68. doi: 10.1186/s12199-017-0675-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kashimura, O., Minami, K., & Hoshi, A. (2016). Prediction of WBGT for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic marathon. Japanese Journal of Biometeorology, 53(4), 139–144. doi: 10.11227/seikisho.53.139
   Google Scholar
• Krauchi, K., & Wirz-Justice, A. (1994). Circadian rhythm of heat production, heart rate, and skin and core temperature under unmasking conditions in men. American Journal of Physiology, 267(3 Pt 2), R819–R829. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1994.267.3.R819
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, J. A., Pumpa, K. L., & Pyne, D. B. (2017). Responses of lower-body power and match running demands following long-haul travel in international rugby sevens players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(3), 686–695. doi: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001526
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Périard, J. D., Racinais, S., Timpka, T., Dahlström, Ö., Spreco, A., Jacobsson, J., … Alonso, J.-M. (2017). Strategies and factors associated with preparing for competing in the heat: A cohort study at the 2015 IAAF world athletics championships. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(4), 264-270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Racinais, S., Alonso, J. M., Coutts, A. J., Flouris, A. D., Girard, O., Gonzalez-Alonso, J., … Periard, J. D. (2015). Consensus recommendations on training and competing in the heat. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(18), 1164–1173. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094915
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Refinetti, R. (2010). The circadian rhythm of body temperature. Frontiers in Bioscience, 15, 564–594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Refinetti, R., & Menaker, M. (1992). The circadian rhythm of body temperature. Physiology and Behavior, 51(3), 613–637. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(92)90188-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reilly, T., Atkinson, G., Edwards, B., Waterhouse, J., Åkerstedt, T., Davenne, D., … Wirz-Justice, A. (2007). Coping with jet-lag: A position statement for the European college of sport science. European Journal of Sport Science, 7(1), 1–7. doi: 10.1080/17461390701216823
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross, A., Gill, N., & Cronin, J. (2014). Match analysis and player characteristics in rugby sevens. Sports Medicine, 44(3), 357–367. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0123-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross, A., Gill, N., Cronin, J., & Malcata, R. (2015). The relationship between physical characteristics and match performance in rugby sevens. European Journal of Sport Science, 15(6), 565–571. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2015.1029983
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scales, W. E., Vander, A. J., Brown, M. B., & Kluger, M. J. (1988). Human circadian rhythms in temperature, trace metals, and blood variables. Journal of Applied Physiology, 65(4), 1840–1846. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1988.65.4.1840
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuster, J., Howells, D., Robineau, J., Couderc, A., Natera, A., Lumley, N., … Winkelman, N. (2018). Physical preparation recommendations for elite rugby sevens performance. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13(3), 255–268. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2016-0728
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shorten, A. L., Wallman, K. E., & Guelfi, K. J. (2009). Acute effect of environmental temperature during exercise on subsequent energy intake in active men. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 90(5), 1215–1221. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, R. M., & Hanna, J. M. (1975). Skinfolds and resting heat loss in cold air and water: Temperature equivalence. Journal of Applied Physiology, 39(1), 93–102. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1975.39.1.93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephens, J. M., Halson, S., Miller, J., Slater, G. J., & Askew, C. D. (2017). Cold-water immersion for athletic recovery: One size does not fit all. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(1), 2–9. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2016-0095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens, C. J., Bennett, K. J., Sculley, D. V., Callister, R., Taylor, L., & Dascombe, B. J. (2017b). A comparison of mixed-method cooling interventions on preloaded running performance in the heat. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(3), 620–629. doi: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens, C., Kittel, A., Sculley, D., Callister, R., Taylor, L., & Dascombe, B. (2017a). Running performance in the heat is improved by similar magnitude with pre-exercise cold-water immersion and mid-exercise facial water spray. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(8), 798–805. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1192294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens, C. J., Taylor, L., & Dascombe, B. J. (2017c). Cooling during exercise: An overlooked strategy for enhancing endurance performance in the heat. Sports Medicine, 47(5), 829–841. doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0625-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Travers, G. J., Nichols, D. S., Farooq, A., Racinais, S., & Periard, J. D. (2016). Validation of an ingestible temperature data logging and telemetry system during exercise in the heat. Temperature, 3(2), 208–219. doi: 10.1080/23328940.2016.1171281
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wasse, L. K., King, J. A., Stensel, D. J., & Sunderland, C. (2013). Effect of ambient temperature during acute aerobic exercise on short-term appetite, energy intake, and plasma acylated ghrelin in recreationally active males. Applied physiolology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 38(8), 905–909. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0008
   Google Scholar
• West, D. J., Cook, C. J., Beaven, M. C., & Kilduff, L. P. (2014). The influence of the time of day on core temperature and lower body power output in elite rugby union sevens players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(6), 1524–1528. doi: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar