Caffeine increases parasympathetic reactivation without altering resting and exercise cardiac parasympathetic modulation: A balanced placebo design

References

• Bai, X., Li, J., Zhou, L., & Li, X. (2009). Influence of the menstrual cycle on nonlinear properties of heart rate variability in young women. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 297(2), H765–H774. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.01283.2008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beedie, C. J., & Foad, A. J. (2009). The placebo effect in sports performance: A brief review. Sports Medicine, 39(4), 313–329. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200939040-00004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beedie, C. J., Stuart, E. M., Coleman, D. A., & Foad, A. J. (2006). Placebo effects of caffeine on cycling performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 38(12), 2159–2164. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000233805.56315.a9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billman, G. E. (2009). Cardiac autonomic neural remodeling and susceptibility to sudden cardiac death: Effect of endurance exercise training. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 297(4), H1171–H1193. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00534.2009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole, C. R., Blackstone, E. H., Pashkow, F. J., Snader, C. E., & Lauer, M. S. (1999). Heart-rate recovery immediately after exercise as a predictor of mortality. New England Journal of Medicine, 341(18), 1351–1357. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199910283411804
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corti, R., Binggeli, C., Sudano, I., Spieker, L., Hanseler, E., Ruschitzka, F., … Noll, G. (2002). Coffee acutely increases sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure independently of caffeine content: Role of habitual versus nonhabitual drinking. Circulation, 106(23), 2935–2940.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig, C. L., Marshall, A. L., Sjostrom, M., Bauman, A. E., Booth, M. L., Ainsworth, B. E., … Oja, P. (2003). International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 35(8), 1381–1395. doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz, C., Molina, G. E., Porto, L. G. G., & Junqueira, L. F., Jr. (2017). Resting bradycardia, enhanced postexercise heart rate recovery and cardiorespiratory fitness in recreational ballroom dancers. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 88(3), 371–376. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2017.1318202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz, C. J. G., Rolim, P. S., Pires, D. S., Mendes, C. M. O., de Paula, G. M., Porto, L. G. G., … Molina, G. E. (2017). Reliability of heart rate variability threshold and parasympathetic reactivation after a submaximal exercise test. Motriz, 23(1), 65–70.
   Google Scholar
• Daniels, J. W., Mole, P. A., Shaffrath, J. D., & Stebbins, C. L. (1998). Effects of caffeine on blood pressure, heart rate, and forearm blood flow during dynamic leg exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 85(1), 154–159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, J. K., & Green, J. M. (2009). Caffeine and anaerobic performance: Ergogenic value and mechanisms of action. Sports Medicine, 39(10), 813–832. doi: 10.2165/11317770-000000000-00000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan, M. J., Lyons, M., & Hankey, J. (2009). Placebo effects of caffeine on short-term resistance exercise to failure. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 4(2), 244–253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farag, N. H., Vincent, A. S., McKey, B. S., Al'Absi, M., Whitsett, T. L., & Lovallo, W. R. (2006). Sex differences in the hemodynamic responses to mental stress: Effect of caffeine consumption. Psychophysiology, 43(4), 337–343. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2006.00416.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flueck, J. L., Schaufelberger, F., Lienert, M., Schafer Olstad, D., Wilhelm, M., & Perret, C. (2016). Acute effects of caffeine on heart rate variability, blood pressure and tidal volume in paraplegic and tetraplegic compared to able-bodied individuals: A randomized, blinded trial. PLoS One, 11(10), e0165034. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredholm, B. B., Battig, K., Holmen, J., Nehlig, A., & Zvartau, E. E. (1999). Actions of caffeine in the brain with special reference to factors that contribute to its widespread use. Pharmacological Reviews, 51(1), 83–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaister, M., & Gissane, C. (2018). Caffeine and physiological responses to submaximal exercise: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13(4), 402–411. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2017-0312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzaga, L. A., Vanderlei, L. C. M., Gomes, R. L., & Valenti, V. E. (2017). Caffeine affects autonomic control of heart rate and blood pressure recovery after aerobic exercise in young adults: A crossover study. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 14091. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14540-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hibino, G., Moritani, T., Kawada, T., & Fushiki, T. (1997). Caffeine enhances modulation of parasympathetic nerve activity in humans: Quantification using power spectral analysis. The Journal of Nutrition, 127(7), 1422–1427.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamimori, G. H., Penetar, D. M., Headley, D. B., Thorne, D. R., Otterstetter, R., & Belenky, G. (2000). Effect of three caffeine doses on plasma catecholamines and alertness during prolonged wakefulness. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 56(8), 537–544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karapetian, G. K., Engels, H. J., Gretebeck, K. A., & Gretebeck, R. J. (2012). Effect of caffeine on LT, VT and HRVT. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 33(7), 507–513. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1301904
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenig, J., & Thayer, J. F. (2016). Sex differences in healthy human heart rate variability: A meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 64, 288–310. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lima, J. R. P., & Kiss, M. A. P. D. M. (1999). Limiar de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca. Revista Brasileira de Atividade Físicae Saúde, 4(1), 29–38.
   Google Scholar
• Meissner, K. (2011). The placebo effect and the autonomic nervous system: Evidence for an intimate relationship. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 366(1572), 1808–1817. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monda, M., Viggiano, A., Vicidomini, C., Iannaccone, T., Tafuri, D., & De Luca, B. (2009). Espresso coffee increases parasympathetic activity in young, healthy people. Nutritional Neuroscience, 12(1), 43–48. doi:10.1179/147683009X388841.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishijima, Y., Ikeda, T., Takamatsu, M., Kiso, Y., Shibata, H., Fushiki, T., & Moritani, T. (2002). Influence of caffeine ingestion on autonomic nervous activity during endurance exercise in humans. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 87(6), 475–480. doi: 10.1007/s00421-002-0678-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noonan, V., & Dean, E. (2000). Submaximal exercise testing: Clinical application and interpretation. Physical Therapy, 80(8), 782–807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Notarius, C. F., Morris, B. L., & Floras, J. S. (2006). Caffeine attenuates early post-exercise hypotension in middle-aged subjects. American Journal of Hypertension, 19(2), 184–188. doi: 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2005.07.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pallares, J. G., Fernandez-Elias, V. E., Ortega, J. F., Munoz, G., Munoz-Guerra, J., & Mora-Rodriguez, R. (2013). Neuromuscular responses to incremental caffeine doses: Performance and side effects. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 45(11), 2184–2192. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31829a6672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelligrino, D. A., Xu, H. L., & Vetri, F. (2010). Caffeine and the control of cerebral hemodynamics. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 20(Suppl 1), S51–S62. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-091261
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rauh, R., Burkert, M., Siepmann, M., & Mueck-Weymann, M. (2006). Acute effects of caffeine on heart rate variability in habitual caffeine consumers. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, 26(3), 163–166. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-097X.2006.00663.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothwell, P. M., Howard, S. C., & Spence, J. D. (2003). Relationship between blood pressure and stroke risk in patients with symptomatic carotid occlusive disease. Stroke, 34(11), 2583–2590. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000094424.38761.56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasaki, K., & Maruyama, R. (2014). Consciously controlled breathing decreases the high-frequency component of heart rate variability by inhibiting cardiac parasympathetic nerve activity. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 233(3), 155–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sondermeijer, H. P., van Marle, A. G., Kamen, P., & Krum, H. (2002). Acute effects of caffeine on heart rate variability. The American Journal of Cardiology, 90(8), 906–907.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souza, A. A., Silva, R. S., Silva, T. F., Tavares, R. L., & Silva, A. S. (2016). Influence of different doses of coffee on post-exercise blood pressure response. American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease, 6(4), 146–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spriet, L. L. (2014). Exercise and sport performance with low doses of caffeine. Sports Medicine, 44(Suppl 2), 175–184. doi: 10.1007/s40279-014-0257-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R. (2001). Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 37(1), 153–156. doi: S0735-1097(00)01054-8 [pii]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tulppo, M. P., Makikallio, T. H., Takala, T. E., Seppanen, T., & Huikuri, H. V. (1996). Quantitative beat-to-beat analysis of heart rate dynamics during exercise. American Journal of Physiology, 271(1 Pt 2), H244–H252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeragani, V. K., Krishnan, S., Engels, H. J., & Gretebeck, R. (2005). Effects of caffeine on linear and nonlinear measures of heart rate variability before and after exercise. Depression and Anxiety, 21(3), 130–134. doi: 10.1002/da.20061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmermann-Viehoff, F., Thayer, J., Koenig, J., Herrmann, C., Weber, C. S., & Deter, H. C. (2016). Short-term effects of espresso coffee on heart rate variability and blood pressure in habitual and non-habitual coffee consumers – A randomized crossover study. Nutritional Neuroscience, 19(4), 169–175. doi: 10.1179/1476830515Y.0000000018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar