1,235
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
SPECIAL ISSUE ARTICLES

Understanding placebo and nocebo effects in the context of sport: A psychological perspective

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon

References

  • Alphs, L., Benedetti, F., Fleischhacker, W. W., & Kane, J. M. (2012). Placebo-related effects in clinical trials in schizophrenia: What is driving this phenomenon and what can be done to minimize it? The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 15(7), 1003–1014. doi: 10.1017/S1461145711001738
  • Amanzio, M., Palermo, S., & Benedetti, F. (2016). Nocebo and pain. In M. A. Flaten & M. al’Absi (Eds.), Neuroscience of pain, Stress, and Emotion (pp. 117–131). London: Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800538-5.00006-6
  • Beecher, H. K. (1955). The powerful placebo. Journal of the American Medical Association, 159(17), 1602–1606.
  • Beedie, C. J. (2007). Placebo effects in competitive sport: Qualitative data. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 6, 21–28.
  • Beedie, C., Benedetti, F., Barbiani, D., Camerone, E., Cohen, E., Coleman, D., … Harvey, S. (2018). Consensus statement on placebo effects in sports and exercise: The need for conceptual clarity, methodological rigour, and the elucidation of neurobiological mechanisms. European Journal of Sport Science, 18(10), 1383–1389.
  • Beedie, C., Benedetti, F., Barbiani, D., Camerone, E., Lindheimer, J., & Roelands, B. (2019). Incorporating methods and findings from neuroscience to better understand placebo and nocebo effects in sport. European Journal of Sport Science, 1–13. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1675765
  • Beedie, C. J., Coleman, D. A., & Foad, A. J. (2007). Positive and negative placebo effects resulting from the deceptive administration of an ergogenic Aid. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 17(3), 259–269. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.17.3.259
  • Beedie, C. J., & Foad, A. J. (2009). The placebo effect in sports performance. Sports Medicine, 39(4), 313–329. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200939040-00004
  • Beedie, C. J., Whyte, G., Lane, A. M., Cohen, E., Raglin, J., Hurst, P., … Foad, A. (2017). “Caution, this treatment is a placebo. It might work, but it might not”: why emerging mechanistic evidence for placebo effects does not legitimise complementary and alternative medicines in sport. British Journal of Sports Medicine, bjsports–2017–097747. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-097747
  • Benedetti, F. (2013). Placebo and the new physiology of the doctor-patient relationship. Physiological Reviews, 93(3), 1207–1246. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2012
  • Benedetti, F., Carlino, E., & Pollo, A. (2011). Hidden administration of drugs. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 90(5), 651–661. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2011.206
  • Benedetti, F., Lanotte, M., Lopiano, L., & Colloca, L. (2007). When words are painful: Unraveling the mechanisms of the nocebo effect. Neuroscience, 147(2), 260–271. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.02.020
  • Benedetti, F., Pollo, A., & Colloca, L. (2007). Opioid-mediated placebo responses boost pain endurance and physical performance: Is it doping in sport competitions? Journal of Neuroscience, 27(44), 11934–11939. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3330-07.2007
  • Bérdi, M., Köteles, F., Hevesi, K., Bárdos, G., & Szabo, A. (2015). Elite athletes’ attitudes towards the use of placebo-induced performance enhancement in sports. European Journal of Sport Science, 15(4), 315–321. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2014.955126
  • Bérdi, M., Köteles, F., Szabó, A., & Bárdos, G. (2011). Placebo effects in sport and exercise: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Mental Health, 6(2), 196–212. doi: 10.5708/ejmh.6.2011.2.5
  • Bonetti, D. L., & Hopkins, W. G. (2009). Sea-level exercise performance following adaptation to hypoxia. Sports Medicine, 39(2), 107–127. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200939020-00002
  • Braakhuis, A. J., & Hopkins, W. G. (2015). Impact of dietary antioxidants on sport performance: A review. Sports Medicine, 45(7), 939–955. doi: 10.1007/s40279-015-0323-x
  • Brooling, J., Pyne, D., Fallon, K., & Fricker, P. (2008). Characterizing the Perception of the placebo effect in sports medicine. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 18(5), 432–437. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0b013e318185362a
  • Carlino, E., Benedetti, F., & Pollo, A. (2015). The effects of manipulating verbal suggestions on physical performance. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, doi: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000178
  • Clark, V. R., Hopkins, W. G., Hawley, J. A., & Burke, L. M. (2000). Placebo effect of carbohydrate feedings during a 40-km cycling time trial. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(9), 1642–1647. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200009000-00019
  • Colloca, L., & Benedetti, F. (2009). Placebo analgesia induced by social observational learning. PAIN®, 144(1-2), 28–34. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2009.01.033
  • Corsi, N., & Colloca, L. (2017). Placebo and nocebo effects: The advantage of measuring expectations and psychological factors. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 308. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00308
  • De Craen, A. J., Kaptchuk, T. J., Tijssen, J. G., & Kleijnen, J. (1999). Placebos and placebo effects in medicine: Historical overview. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 92(10), 511–515. doi: 10.1177/014107689909201005
  • DeGood, D. E., & Tait, R. C. (2001). Assessment of pain beliefs and pain coping. Handbook of Pain Assessment, 2, 320–341.
  • de la Fuente-Fernández, R., Ruth, T. J., Sossi, V., Schulzer, M., Calne, D. B., & Stoessl, A. J. (2001). Expectation and dopamine release: Mechanism of the placebo effect in Parkinson's disease. Science, 293(5532), 1164–1166. doi: 10.1126/science.1060937
  • Doering, B. K., & Rief, W. (2012). Utilizing placebo mechanisms for dose reduction in pharmacotherapy. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 33(3), 165–172. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12301
  • Dömötör, Z., Ruíz-Barquín, R., & Szabo, A. (2016). Superstitious behavior in sport: A literature review. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 57(4), 368–382. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12301
  • Espay, A. J., Norris, M. M., Eliassen, J. C., Dwivedi, A., Smith, M. S., Banks, C., & Szaflarski, J. P. (2015). Placebo effect of medication cost in Parkinson disease: A randomized double-blind study. Neurology, 84(8), 794–802. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001282
  • Faasse, K., & Petrie, K. J. (2013). The nocebo effect: Patient expectations and medication side effects. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 89(1055), 540–546. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2012-131730
  • Gam, S., Guelfi, K. J., & Fournier, P. A. (2016). New insights into enhancing maximal exercise performance through the use of a bitter tastant. Sports Medicine, 46(10), 1385–1390. doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0522-0
  • Geers, A. L., Helfer, S. G., Kosbab, K., Weiland, P. E., & Landry, S. J. (2005). Reconsidering the role of personality in placebo effects: Dispositional optimism, situational expectations, and the placebo response. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 58(2), 121–127. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.08.011
  • Guijarro, C. (2015). A history of the placebo. Neurosciences and History, 3(2), 68–80.
  • Hall, K. T., Loscalzo, J., & Kaptchuk, T. J. (2015). Genetics and the placebo effect: The placebome. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 21(5), 285–294. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.02.009
  • Handley, I. M., Fowler, S. L., Rasinski, H. M., Helfer, S. G., & Geers, A. L. (2013). Beliefs about expectations moderate the influence of expectations on pain perception. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 20(1), 52–58. doi: 10.1007/s12529-011-9203-4
  • Hurst, P., Schipof-Godart, L., Szabo, A., Raglin, J., Hettinga, F., Roelands, B., … Beedie, C. (2019). The placebo and nocebo effect on sports performance: A systematic review. European Journal of Sport Science, 1–14. doi: 10.1007/s12529-011-9203-4
  • Kienle, G. S., & Kiene, H. (1997). The powerful placebo effect: Fact or fiction? Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 50(12), 1311–1318. doi: 10.1016/S0895-4356(97)00203-5
  • Kirsch, I. (1985). The logical consequences of the common-factor definition of the term placebo. 237b. doi: 10.1037//0003-066X.40.2.237
  • Kirsch, I. (1990). Changing expectations: A key to effective psychotherapy. Thomson Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.
  • Kirsch, I. (2018). Response expectancy and the placebo effect. In International review of neurobiology (Vol. 138, pp. 81–93). Academic Press. doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2018.01.003.
  • Kirsch, I. E. (1999). How expectancies shape experience. American Psychological Association. doi: 10.1037/10332-000
  • Laursen, P. B. (2010). Training for intense exercise performance: High-intensity or high-volume training? Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20, 1–10. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01184.x
  • Levine, M. E., Stern, R. M., & Koch, K. L. (2006). The effects of manipulating expectations through placebo and nocebo administration on gastric tachyarrhythmia and motion-induced nausea. Psychosomatic Medicine, 68(3), 478–486. doi: 10.1097/01.psy.0000221377.52036.50
  • Lindheimer, J. B., Szabo, A., Raglin, J. S., & Beedie, C. (2019). Advancing the understanding of placebo effects in psychological outcomes of exercise: Lessons learned and future directions. European Journal of Sport Science, 1–28. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1632937
  • Main, C. J., Foster, N., & Buchbinder, R. (2010). How important are back pain beliefs and expectations for satisfactory recovery from back pain? Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology, 24(2), 205–217. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2009.12.012
  • Moncrieff, J., Wessely, S., & Hardy, R. (2004). Active placebos versus antidepressants for depression. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (1), CD003012.
  • Pollo, A., Amanzio, M., Arslanian, A., Casadio, C., Maggi, G., & Benedetti, F. (2001). Response expectancies in placebo analgesia and their clinical relevance. Pain, 93(1), 77–84. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959(01)00296-2
  • Price, D. D., Finniss, D. G., & Benedetti, F. (2009). A comprehensive review of the placebo effect: Recent advances and current thought. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 565–590.
  • Quincy, J. (1811). Quincy’s Lesicon-Medicum. A New Medical Dictionary. Revised by R. Hooper. London.
  • Ross, S., & Buckalew, L. W. (1983). The placebo as an agent in behavioral manipulation: A review of problems, issues and affected measures. Clinical Psychology Review, 3(4), 457–471. doi: 10.1016/0272-7358(83)90024-7
  • Salinero, J. J., Lara, B., & Del Coso, J. (2019). Effects of acute ingestion of caffeine on team sports performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Research in Sports Medicine, 27(2), 238–256. doi: 10.1080/15438627.2018.1552146
  • Singer, R. M. (1995). Myths and Truths ins sport psychology. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Stewart-Williams, S., & Podd, J. (2004). The placebo effect: Dissolving the expectancy versus conditioning debate. Psychological Bulletin, 130(2), 324–340. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.130.2.324
  • Stone, M., Thomas, K., Wilkinson, M., Jones, A., St Clair Gibson, A., & Thompson, K. (2012). Effects of deception on exercise performance: Implications for determinants of fatigue in humans. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 44(3), 534–541. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318232cf77
  • Szabo, A., & Müller, A. (2016). Coaches’ attitudes towards placebo interventions in sport. European Journal of Sport Science, 16(3), 293–300. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2015.1019572
  • Zubieta, J. K., Yau, W. Y., Scott, D. J., & Stohler, C. S. (2006). Belief or need? Accounting for individual variations in the neurochemistry of the placebo effect. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 20(1), 15–26. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2005.08.006

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.