Biomechanical responses to landing strategies of female artistic gymnasts

References

• Bahr, R., & Krosshaug, T. (2005). Understanding injury mechanisms: A key component of preventing injuries in sport. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(6), 324–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates, B. T. (1996). Single-subject methodology: An alternative approach. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 28(5), 631–638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates, B. T., James, R., & Dufek, J. S. (2004). Single-subject analysis. In N. Stergiou (Ed.), Innovative analyses of human movement (pp. 3–26). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Bernstein, N. (1967). The coordination and regulation of movements. Oxford: Pergamon.
   Google Scholar
• Bouffard, M. (1993). The perils of averaging data in adapted physical activity research. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 10(4), 371–391.
   Google Scholar
• Bradshaw, E. J., & Hume, P. A. (2012). Biomechanical approaches to identify and quantify injury mechanisms and risk factors in women’s artistic gymnastics. Sports Biomechanics, 11(3), 324–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dufek, J. S., & Bates, B. T. (1991). Biomechanical factors associated with injury during landing in jump sports. Sports Medicine, 12(5), 326–337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edelman, G. M., & Gally, J. (2001). Degeneracy and complexity in biological systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(24), 13763–13768.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique. (2020a). 2021–2024 code of points. Women’s artistic gymnastics. Lausanne: FIG.
   Google Scholar
• Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique. (2020b). 2021–2024 code of points. Men’s artistic gymnastics. Lausanne: FIG.
   Google Scholar
• Gittoes, M. J. R., & Irwin, G. (2012). Biomechanical approaches to understanding the potentially injurious demands of gymnastic-style impact landings. SMARTT, 4(4), 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Gittoes, M. J. R., Irwin, G., & Kerwin, D. G. (2013). Kinematic landing strategy transference in backward rotating gymnastic dismounts. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 29(3), 253–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedges, L. (1981). Distribution theory for Glass’s estimator of effect size and related estimators. Journal of Educational Statistics, 6(2), 107–128.
   Google Scholar
• Hootman, J. M., Dick, R., & Agel, J. (2007). Epidemiology of collegiate injuries for 15 sports: Summary and recommendations for injury prevention initiatives. Journal of Athletic Training, 42(2), 311–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irwin, G., & Kerwin, D. G. (2009). The influence of the vaulting table on the handspring front somersault. Sports Biomechanics, 8(2), 114–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James, C. R., & Bates, B. T. (1997). Experimental and statistical design issues in human movement research. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 1(1), 55–69.
   Google Scholar
• Kerr, Z. Y., Hayden, R., Barr, M., Klossner, D. A., & Dompier, T. P. (2015). Epidemiology of National Collegiate Athletics Association women’s gymnastics injuries, 2009–2010 through 2013–2014. Journal of Athletic Training, 50(8), 870–878.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerwin, D. G., & Irwin, G. (2010). Musculoskeletal work preceding the outward and inward Tkachev on uneven bars in artistic gymnastics. Sports Biomechanics, 9(1), 16–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirialanis, P., Malliou, P., Beneka, A., & Giannakopoulos, K. (2003). Occurrence of acute lower limb injuries in artistic gymnasts in relation to event and exercise phase. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 37(1), 137–139.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Knudson, D. V. (2017). Confidence crisis of results in biomechanics research. Sports Biomechanics, 16(4), 425–433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolt, G., & Caine, D. (2010). Gymnastics. In D. Caine, P. Harmer, & M. Schiff (Eds.), Epidemiology of injury in Olympic Sports International Olympic Committee (Vol. XVI, pp. 144–160). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, S. W., Covassin, T., Dick, R., Nassar, L. G., & Agel, J. (2007). Descriptive epidemiology of collegiate women’s gymnastics injuries: National Collegiate Athletic Association injury surveillance system, 1988–1989 through 2003–2004. Journal of Athletic Training, 42(2), 234–240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNitt-Gray, J. L. (1991). Kinematics and impulse characteristics of drop landings from three heights. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 7(2), 201–224.
   Google Scholar
• McNitt-Gray, J. L., Hester, D. M., Mathiyakom, W., & Munkasy, B. A. (2001). Mechanical demand and multijoint control during landing depend on orientation of the body segments relative to the reaction force. Journal of Biomechanics, 34(11), 1471–1482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, G., & Ayalon, M. (2006). Biomechanical aspects of dynamic stability. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 3(1), 29–33.
   Google Scholar
• Newell, K. M. (1985). Coordination, control and skill. In D. Goodman, R. B. Wilberg, & I. M. Franks (Eds.), Differing perspectives in motor learning, memory and control (pp. 295–317). North Holland: Elsevier Science Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Newell, K. M., Liu, Y. T., & Mayer-Kress, G. T. (2001). Time scales in motor learning and development. Psychological Review, 108(1), 57–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigg, B. M. (1985). Biomechanics, load analysis and sports injuries in the lower extremities. Sports Medicine, 2(5), 367–379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordin, A. D., Dufek, J. S., James, R., & Bates, B. T. (2017). Classifying performer strategies in drop landing activities. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(18), 1858–1863.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Kane, J., Levy, M. R., Pietila, K., Caine, D., & Schiff, M. A. (2011). Survey of injuries in Seattle area levels 4–10 female club gymnasts. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 21(6), 486–492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padua, D. A., Marshall, S. W., Boling, M. C., Thigpen, C. A., Garrett, W. E., & Beutler, A. I. (2009). The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) is a valid and reliable clinical assessment tool of jump-landing biomechanics: The jump ACL study. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 37(10), 1996–2002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peat, J., & Barton, B. (2005). Medical statistics: A guide to data analysis and critical appraisal. Oxford, UK: BMJ Books.
   Google Scholar
• Seegmiller, J. G., & McCaw, S. (2003). Ground reaction forces among gymnasts and recreational athletes in drop landings. Journal of Athletic Training, 38(4), 311–314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silder, A., Whittington, B., Heiderscheit, B., & Thelen, D. G. (2007). Identification of passive elastic joint moment-angle relationships in the lower extremity. Journal of Biomechanics, 40(12), 2628–2635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slater, A., Campbell, A., Smith, A., & Straker, L. (2015). Greater lower limb flexion in gymnastic landings is associated with reduced landing force: A repeated measures study. Sports Biomechanics, 14(1), 45–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tillman, M. D., Hass, C. J., Brunt, D., & Bennett, G. R. (2004). Jumping and landing techniques in elite women’s volleyball. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 3(1), 30–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, G., Irwin, G., Kerwin, D. G., & Newell, K. M. (2012). Kinematic changes during learning the longswing on high bar. Sports Biomechanics, 11(1), 20–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winter, D. A. (2009). Biomechanics and motor control of human movement (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, G., Siegler, S., Allard, P., Kirtley, C., Leardini, A., Rosenbaum, D., … Stokes, I. (2002). ISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate system of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion – part I: Ankle, hip, and spine. Journal of Biomechanics, 35(4), 543–548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar