The repeated bout effect influences lower-extremity biomechanics during a 30-min downhill run

References

• Alexander, R. M., & Jayes, A. S. (1980). Fourier analysis of forces exerted in walking and running. Journal of Biomechanics, 13(4), 383–390. doi:10.1016/0021-9290(80)90019-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumann, C. W., Green, M. S., Doyle, J. A., Rupp, J. C., Ingalls, C. P., & Corona, B. T. (2014). Muscle injury after low-intensity downhill running reduces running economy. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(5), 1212–1218. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000422
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995). Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 57(1), 289–300. doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonnaerens, S., Fiers, P., Galle, S., Aerts, P., Frederick, E. C., Kaneko, Y., … De Clercq, D. (2019). Grounded running reduces musculoskeletal loading. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 51(4), 708–715. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bontemps, B., Vercruyssen, F., Gruet, M., & Louis, J. (2020). Downhill running: What are the effects and how can we adapt? A narrative review. Sports Medicine, 50, 2083–2110. doi:10.1007/s40279-020-01355-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borg, G. (1998). Borg’s perceived exertion and pain scales. Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Buczek, F. L., & Cavanagh, P. R. (1990). Stance phase knee and ankle kinematics and kinetics during level and downhill running. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 22(5), 669–677.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrnes, W. C., Clarkson, P. M., White, J. S., Hsieh, S. S., Frykman, P. N., & Maughan, R. J. (1985). Delayed onset muscle soreness following repeated bouts of downhill running. Journal of Applied Physiology, 59(3), 710–715. doi:10.1152/jappl.1985.59.3.710
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman, D., Newton, M., Sacco, P., & Nosaka, K. (2006). Greater muscle damage induced by fast versus slow velocity eccentric exercise. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 27(8), 591–598. doi:10.1055/s-2005-865920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, T. C., Chen, H. L., Wu, C. J., Lin, M. R., Che-Hsiu, C., Wang, L. L., … Tu, G. J. M. (2007). Changes in running economy following a repeated bout of downhill running. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 5(2), 109–117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, T. C., Nosaka, K., Lin, M. J., Chen, H. L., & Wu, C. J. (2009). Changes in running economy at different intensities following downhill running. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(11), 1137–1144. doi:10.1080/02640410903062027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, T. C., Nosaka, K., & Tu, J. H. (2007). Changes in running economy following downhill running. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(1), 55–63. doi:10.1080/02640410600718228
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cigoja, S., Fletcher, J. R., & Nigg, B. M. (2021). Can changes in midsole bending stiffness of shoes affect the onset of joint work redistribution during a prolonged run? Journal of Sport and Health Science, doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2020.12.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farina, D., Arendt-Nielsen, L., Merletti, R., & Graven-Nielsen, T. (2004). Effect of experimental muscle pain on motor unit firing rate and conduction velocity. Journal of Neurophysiology, 91(3), 1250–1259. doi:10.1152/jn.00620.2003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farley, C. T., & Morgenroth, D. C. (1999). Leg stiffness primarily depends on ankle stiffness during human hopping. Journal of Biomechanics, 32(3), 267–273. doi:10.1016/S0021-9290(98)00170-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Féasson, L., Stockholm, D., Freyssenet, D., Richard, I., Duguez, S., Beckmann, J. S., & Denis, C. (2002). Molecular adaptations of neuromuscular disease-associated proteins in response to eccentric exercise in human skeletal muscle. The Journal of Physiology, 543(1), 297–306. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2002.018689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferris, D. P., Liang, K., & Farley, C. T. (1999). Runners adjust leg stiffness for their first step on a new running surface. Journal of Biomechanics, 32, 787–794.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giandolini, M., Horvais, N., Rossi, J., Millet, G. Y., Morin, J.-B., & Samozino, P. (2016). Acute and delayed peripheral and central neuromuscular alterations induced by a short and intense downhill trail run: Fatigue after a downhill trail run. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 26(11), 1321–1333. doi:10.1111/sms.12583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graven-Nielsen, T., Lund, H., Arendt-Nielsen, L., Danneskiold-Samsøe, B., & Bliddal, H. (2002). Inhibition of maximal voluntary contraction force by experimental muscle pain: A centrally mediated mechanism: Short reports. Muscle & Nerve, 26(5), 708–712. doi:10.1002/mus.10225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamill, J., Freedson, P. S., Clarkson, P. M., & Braun, B. (1991). Muscle soreness during running: Biomechanical and physiological considerations. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 7(2), 125–137. doi:10.1123/ijsb.7.2.125
   Google Scholar
• Hunter, I., & Smith, G. A. (2007). Preferred and optimal stride frequency, stiffness and economy: Changes with fatigue during a 1-h high-intensity run. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 100(6), 653–661. doi:10.1007/s00421-007-0456-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyldahl, R. D., Chen, T. C., & Nosaka, K. (2017). Mechanisms and mediators of the skeletal muscle repeated bout effect. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 45(1), 24–33. doi:10.1249/JES.0000000000000095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khassetarash, A., Vernillo, G., Krüger, R. L., Edwards, W. B., & Millet, G. Y. (2021). Neuromuscular, biomechanical, and energetic adjustments following repeated bouts of downhill running. Journal of Sport and Health Science. doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2021.06.001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khassetarash, A., Vernillo, G., Martinez, A., Baggaley, M., Giandolini, M., Horvais, N., … Edwards, W. B. (2020). Biomechanics of graded running: Part II - joint kinematics and kinetics. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 30(9), 1642–1654. doi:10.1111/sms.13735
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latash, M. L., & Zatsiorsky, V. M. (1993). Joint stiffness: Myth or reality? Human Movement Science, 12(6), 653–692. doi:10.1016/0167-9457(93)90010-M
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau, W. Y., Blazevich, A. J., Newton, M. J., Wu, S. S. X., & Nosaka, K. (2015). Reduced muscle lengthening during eccentric contractions as a mechanism underpinning the repeated-bout effect. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 308(10), 879–886. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00338.2014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemire, M., Hureau, T. J., Remetter, R., Geny, B., Kouassi, B. Y. L., Lonsdorfer, E., … Dufour, S. P. (2020). Trail runners cannot reach ⩒O2max during a maximal incremental downhill test. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 52(5), 1135–1143. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, K.-Y., & Zeger, S. L. (1986). Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika, 73, 13–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lima, L. C. R., Nosaka, K., Chen, T. C., Pinto, R. S., Greco, C. C., & Denadai, B. S. (2020). Decreased running economy is not associated with decreased force production capacity following downhill running in untrained, young men. European Journal of Sport Science, 1–9. doi:10.1080/17461391.2020.1727570
   Google Scholar
• MacIntyre, D. L., Reid, W. D., Lyster, D. M., Szasz, I. J., & McKenzie, D. C. (1996). Presence of WBC, decreased strength, and delayed soreness in muscle after eccentric exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 80(3), 1006–1013. doi:10.1152/jappl.1996.80.3.1006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, V., Millet, G. Y., Lattier, G., & Perrod, L. (2005). Why does knee extensor muscles torque decrease after eccentric-type exercise? The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 45(2), 10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, V., Millet, G. Y., Martin, A., Deley, G., & Lattier, G. (2004). Assessment of low-frequency fatigue with two methods of electrical stimulation. Journal of Applied Physiology, 97(5), 1923–1929. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00376.2004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMahon, T. A., & Cheng, G. C. (1990). The mechanics of running: How does stiffness couple with speed? Journal of Biomechanics, 23, 65–78. doi:10.1016/0021-9290(90)90042-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millet, G. Y., Martin, V., Lattier, G., & Ballay, Y. (2003). Mechanisms contributing to knee extensor strength loss after prolonged running exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 94(1), 193–198. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00600.2002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, I. S., Ashford, K. J., Cross, C., Hope, J., Jones, H. S. R., & McCarthy-Ryan, M. (2019). Humans optimize ground contact time and leg stiffness to minimize the metabolic cost of running. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 1, 1–10. doi:10.3389/fspor.2019.00053
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rowlands, A. V., Eston, R. G., & Tilzey, C. (2001). Effect of stride length manipulation on symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage and the repeated bout effect. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19(5), 333–340. doi:10.1080/02640410152006108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanno, M., Willwacher, S., Epro, G., & Bruggemann, G. P. (2018). Positive work contribution shifts from distal to proximal joints during a prolonged run. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 50(12), 2507–2517. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001707
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaughan, C. L., Davis, B. L., & O’Connor, J. C. (1992). Dynamics of human gait (2502619). Champaign, Ill: Human Kinetics Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Westerlind, K. C., Byrnes, W. C., Harris, C., & Wilcox, A. R. (1994). Alterations in oxygen-consumption during and between bouts of level and downhill running. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26(9), 1144–1152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar