Comparison of moderate and vigorous walking exercise on reducing depression in middle-aged and older adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial

References

• Association, A. P. (2019). Clinical practice guideline for the treatment of depression across three age cohorts. Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Carbin, M. G. (1988). Psychometric properties of the Beck depression inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8(1), 77–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blumenthal, J. A. (1999). Effects of exercise training on older patients with major depression. Archives of Internal Medicine, 159(19), 2349–2356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brody, D. J., & Gu, Q. (2020). Antidepressant use among adults: United States, 2015–2018. US Department of Health and Human Services
   Google Scholar
• Bull, F. C. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(24), 1451–1462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buysse, D. J. (1991). Quantification of subjective sleep quality in healthy elderly men and women using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Sleep, 14(4), 331–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, R. (2005). Depression in older people in rural China. Archives of Internal Medicine, 165(17), 2019–2025.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chi, I. (2005). Prevalence of depression and its correlates in Hong Kong’s Chinese older adults. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 13(5), 409–416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chong, M.-Y. (2001). Community study of depression in old age in Taiwan: Prevalence, life events and socio-demographic correlates. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 178(1), 29–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cipriani, A. (2018). Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Focus, 16(4), 420–429.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davenport, M. H. (2018). Impact of prenatal exercise on both prenatal and postnatal anxiety and depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(21), 1376–1385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn, A. L. (2005). Exercise treatment for depression: Efficacy and dose response. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(1), 1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frühauf, A. (2016). Acute effects of outdoor physical activity on affect and psychological well-being in epressed patients – A preliminary study. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 10, 4–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geyer, R., & Wang, F. (2019). Antidepressant advertising in China and the UK: The strengths and limits of policy learning. The China Quarterly, 239, 752–774.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grav, S. (2012). Association between social support and depression in the general population: The HUNT study, a cross-sectional survey. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21(1-2), 111–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heissel, A. (2019). Effects of exercise on depression and anxiety in persons living with HIV: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 126, 109823.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helgadóttir, B. (2016). Training fast or slow? Exercise for depression: A randomized controlled trial. Preventive Medicine, 91, 123–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins, J. P. (2019). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Chichester (UK): John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• James, S. L. (2018). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet, 392(10159), 1789–1858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkinson, C. (1997). A shorter form health survey: Can the SF-12 replicate results from the SF-36 in longitudinal studies? Journal of Public Health, 19(2), 179–186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juul, A., & Jeukendrup, A. (2003). Heart rate monitoring: Applications and limitations. Sport Medicine, 33, 517Á538.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kvam, S. (2016). Exercise as a treatment for depression: A meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 202, 67–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, J. (2020). Anxiety and depression among general population in China at the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic. World Psychiatry, 19(2), 249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, J. D. (2016). Influence of exercise intensity for improving depressed mood in depression: A dose-response study. Behavior Therapy, 47(4), 527–537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, K. J. (2020). Comparative effectiveness of three exercise types to treat clinical depression in older adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Ageing Research Reviews, 58, 100999.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moraros, J. (2017). The association of antidepressant drug usage with cognitive impairment or dementia, including Alzheimer disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Depression and Anxiety, 34(3), 217–226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moussavi, S. (2007). Depression, chronic diseases, and decrements in health: Results from the world health surveys. The Lancet, 370(9590), 851–858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray Thomson, W. (2006). Xerostomia and medications among 32-year-olds. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 64(4), 249–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murri, M. B. (2018). Physical exercise for late-life depression: Effects on symptom dimensions and time course. Journal of Affective Disorders, 230, 65–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura, A. (2019). Physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 246, 29–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health(NCCMH) (2010). Depression: The treatment and management of depression in adults (updated edition). Leicester (UK): British Psychological Society.
   Google Scholar
• Perez-Lopez, F. R. (2017). Effects of programmed exercise on depressive symptoms in midlife and older women: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Maturitas, 106, 38–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rush, A. J. (2006). Acute and longer-term outcomes in depressed outpatients requiring one or several treatment steps: A STAR* D report. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(11), 1905–1917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sansone, R. A., & Sansone, L. A. (2012). Antidepressant adherence: Are patients taking their medications? Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience, 9(5-6), 41.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schuch, F. B. (2016). Exercise as a treatment for depression: A meta-analysis adjusting for publication bias. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 77, 42–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuch, F. B. (2018). Physical activity and incident depression: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. American Journal of Psychiatry, 175(7), 631–648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siu, P. M. (2021). Effects of Tai Chi or exercise on sleep in older adults with insomnia: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open, 4(2), e2037199–e2037199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzer, R. L. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092–1097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thapa, P. B. (1998). Antidepressants and the risk of falls among nursing home residents. New England Journal of Medicine, 339(13), 875–882.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, R. (2019). Cross-sectional associations between long-term exposure to particulate matter and depression in China: The mediating effects of sunlight, physical activity, and neighborly reciprocity. Journal of Affective Disorders, 249, 8–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar